• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2015년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.122-123
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• 2015

Demands for the replacement materials of cement have been increasing due to social problems such as CO₂ reduction and exhaustion of resource. Recently industrial by-products, for example GGBFS and fly ash, have been used as an admixture. However Studies on POFA have been insufficient. POFA, which is used in this study, was obtained from burning of palm oil shell and husk from a southern part of Malaysia. In this study, early compressive strength and porosity of cement mortar with POFA are measured, and appropriate fraction of POFA is 10%. In terms of porosity, POFA is used as a filer in mortar. Later, activity index of POFA and long-term experiments are needed.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2016년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.137-138
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• 2016

Palm Oil Fuel Ash(POFA),which is burned in palm oil factories to get energy and gathered, has been studied in many countries due to its chemical properties. However POFA has high value of LOI and lots of pores on its particle surface. Therefore, in this study, POFA's fluidity were confirmed by mini-slump test and plastic viscosity test. Through the results, fluidity of POFA reduced according to the replacement ratio of POFA because of high value of LOI and its pores on surface and plastic viscosity of POFA increased. In addition, when superplasticizer was added, fluidity increased due to the steric effect of polycarboxylate superplasticizer.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2010년도 춘계 학술대회 제22권1호
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• pp.335-336
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• 2010

POFA(Palm oil fuel ash)는 Palm fiber 와 shell의 부산물로써 콘크리트용 혼화재로 사용이 가능하다. 그러나 POFA를 사용한 콘크리트의 포졸란 반응에 관한 연구는 매우 적다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다른 콘크리트용 혼화재료와 동일한 수준으로 POFA의 혼입 치환율을 달리한 모르타르의 압축강도 및 활성도 지수, 포졸란 활성도 지수(API)를 정량적으로 평가하여 혼화재료로서의 적합성을 평가하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.565-572
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• 2009

이 연구에서는 전기화학적 기법을 사용하여 혼합콘크리트의 일종인 palm oil fuel ash(POFA) 콘크리트의 부식저항성을 평가하였다. POFA는 야자수로부터 야자유를 정제하고 난후 야자수 재로 추출되어진 산업 재생 폐기물을 일컫는다. POFA 콘크리트의 기본 물성 특성분석을 위해서 초기재령에서의 POFA 콘크리트의 압축강도, 슬럼프, 중량감소율, 블리딩 및 팽창비 특성 분석실험을 수행하였다. 한편, 내구성 특성분석을 위해서 염소이온침투시험 및 중성화 침투시험도 수행하였다. 마지막으로 전기화학적 균열치유기법을 사용하여, 가압전압 특성분석, 갈바닉 전류특성분석 및 선형분극저항 평가 등의 부식저항성 평가를 실시하였다. 실험 결과로부터, 장기재령의 강도, 블리딩, 슬럼프 특성, 팽창비, 염소이온 확산성, 탄산화 저항성 및 부식저항성의 향상 효과가 활성화 되어진 POFA 콘크리트의 포졸란 반응에 기인하여 이루어지고 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 POFA 콘크리트는 그린-재생 자원으로서 시멘트계 대체 결합재로서의 이용가능성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2021

Palm Oil Fuel Ash(POFA)는 콘크리트의 물리적 특성 및 내구성을 향상시키기 위해 일정량 시멘트를 치환하여 사용된다. 그러나 높은 강열감량과 각진 입자 형상으로 인해 POFA를 사용한 콘크리트의 워커빌리티가 감소한다. 본 연구에서는 micro-POFA를 혼입한 시멘트 페이스트의 초기 물리적, 수화 특성에 감수제 종류 및 사용량이 미치는 영향을 mini-slump 실험, 초기 압축 강도, TGA, XRD, SEM을 이용하여 검토하였다. micro-POFA 치환율이 증가함에 따라 시멘트 페이스트의 유동성은 감소하였으며, 감수제의 사용량이 증가할수록 시멘트 페이스트의 유동성은 증가하였다. 또한, 감수제의 사용은 시멘트 페이스트의 초기 압축 강도를 저하시켰으며, 사용량이 증가할수록 압축 강도 저하가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 미세분석을 통해 감수제가 C-S-H 형성을 억제하고 상대적으로 Ca(OH)₂의 생성량을 증가시켰기 때문이라고 사료된다.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.121-146
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• 2022

In the recent years, the use of agricultural waste in green cement mortar and concrete production has attracted considerable attention because of potential saving in the large areas of landfills and potential enhancement on the performance of mortar. In this research, microparticles of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) obtained from a multistage thermal and mechanical treatment processes of raw POFA originating from palm oil mill was utilized as a pozzolanic material to produce high-performance cement mortar (HPCM). POFA was used as a partial replacement material to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at replacement levels of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40% by volume. Sand with particle size smaller than 300 ㎛ was used to enhance the performance of the HPCM. The HPCM mixes were tested for workability, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), porosity and absorption. The results portray that the incorporation of micro POFA in HPCMs led to a slight reduction in the compressive strength. At 40% replacement level, the compressive strength was 87.4 MPa at 28 days which is suitable for many high strength applications. Although adding POFA to the cement mixtures harmed the absorption and porosity, those properties were very low at 3.4% and 11.5% respectively at a 40% POFA replacement ratio and after 28 days of curing. The HPCM mixtures containing POFA exhibited greater increase in strength and UPV as well as greater reduction in absorption and porosity than the control OPC mortar from 7 to 28 days of curing age, as a result of the pozzolanic reaction of POFA. Micro POFA with finely graded sand resulted in a dense and high strength cement mortar due to the pozzolanic reaction and increased packing effect. Therefore, it is demonstrated that the POFA could be used with high replacement ratios as a pozzolanic material to produce HPCM.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.119-120
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• 2022

This study investigated the use of different amounts of BFS and POFA. In all mixture systems, 60% cement was replaced with POFA and BFS as a substitute for Ordinary Portland Cement. The results show that with the addition of POFA and BFS, although the early compressive strength will be reduced, the strength will be significantly improved at 28 days. In the ternary system, the 28-day strength is negatively correlated with increasing POFA content.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2023

Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a newly emerging pozzolanic material having high amount of silica content. Various forms of POFA were used in cement-based materials (CBMs) in replacement of cement in different dosages of low and high volume. Although, there are many researches on POFA to be used in concrete and mortar, however, this material was not practically used in the construction industry. Engineers and designers need to be confident to use any new developed materials by knowing all engineering properties at short and long terms. As durability concern, concrete pH value is one of the most important properties. Portland cement produces are alkaline initially, however, it may be reduced due to aging and its components. It is believed that by incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials in CBMs the pH value reduces due to utilization of Ca(OH)₂ in pozzolanic reaction. This study is the first attempts to understand the pH value of mortars containing up to 30% POFA under different curing conditions and its changes with time. The results were also compared with the pH of ground granulated ballast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA) content mortars. In addition, the compressive strength of different mortars under different curing conditions were also studied. The results showed that the pH value of control mix (without cementitious materials) was more than all the blended cement mortars indifferent curing conditions at the same ages. However, there was a reducing trend in the pH value of all mortar mixes containing POFA.