• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.713-723
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• 1989

In order to assess the correlation of the myocardial damage and the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, measurement of creatine kinase [CK], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], asparatate aminotransferase [AST], and MB band of CK [CK-MB] were carried out on the first, third, fifth, seventh, and ninth day in 44 patients following open heart surgery [POD 1,3,5,7,9]. And the patients were divided into three groups according to the duration of aortic cross clamp time [ACT]: Group I [ACT< 60 minutes. n=19], Group II [60 minutes < ACT< 90 minutes, n=7] and Group III[90 minutes > ACT, n=18]. 1. The leakage of CK in total patients increased to the highest level at POD 1, with rapid decrease and recovery at POD 7. The leakage of CK in Group III were greater than in Group I from POD 1 to POD 3 [P < 0.01]. The recovery time of CK level was shorter in Group I [POD 3] than in Group II and III [POD 7]. 2. The serum levels of LDH in total patients increased to the highest level at POD 1, with slow recovery until POD 9. The levels of LDH in Group III were higher than in Group I until POD 9 [P < 0.005]. The levels of LDH in Group I and II recovered but not in Group III. 3. The serum levels of AST in total patients increased to the highest level at POD 1, with rapid decrease and recovery at POD 7. The levels of AST in Group III were greater than in Group I from POD 1 to POD 5 [P < 0.05]. The recovery time of AST level was shorter in Group I and II [POD 5] than in Group III [POD 7]. 4. The positive cases for CK-MB in 36 patients were 22 [61.1 %] as a whole, 5[41.6%] in Group I, 4[57.1 %] in Group II, 13[76.4 %] in Group III at POD 1, and a case in each group at POD 3, and only a case in Group Ill at POD 5. It is concluded that the myocardial injury was closely related with the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass in open heart surgery.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.234-246
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• 1992

This study was conducted to determine the toxic effects of air pollutants on landscaping tress, Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron tulipifera, Platanus occidentalis and their resistance to the pollutant toxicity in urban and industrial regions of Seoul and Taejon, Korea. Total sulfur contents and enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were analyzed in tree foliage of Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron tulipifera, Platanus occidentalis. In addition, POD activity was analyzed in the foliage on tree seedlings, i.e. Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Ginkgo biloba, Lirioderdron tulipifera, with the fumigation of $SO_2$ in gas chamber 4 hours a day for six days. In Ginkgo biloba total sulfur content and POD activity had a negative correlation while other species had a positive relationship in total sulfur content and enzyme activity. Air pollutants accumulated in tree tissues were supposed to enhance the enzyme activity like POD providing the resistance mechanisms. Especially Pinus koraiensis and Platanus occidentalis had higher POD activity than other species. The increase of temporary POD activity against environmental stress appeared in sensitive trees and prolonged increase of POD activity played an important role in resistance mechanism. SOD and POD activities in all species had a positive correlation except Ginkgo biloba. Changes of SOD and POD activities were different between species and in most species SOD as well as POD seemed to participate in resistance mechanism.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1536-1544
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• 2013

A least squares regression interval mapping model was derived to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) with a unique mode of genomic imprinting, polar overdominance (POD), under a breed cross design model in outbred mammals. Tests to differentiate POD QTL from Mendelian, paternal or maternal expression QTL were also developed. To evaluate the power of the POD models and to determine the ability to differentiate POD from non-POD QTL, phenotypic data, marker data and a biallelic QTL were simulated on 512 F2 offspring. When tests for Mendelian versus parent-of-origin expression were performed, most POD QTL were classified as partially imprinted QTL. The application of the series of POD tests showed that more than 90% and 80% of medium and small POD QTL were declared as POD type. However, when breed-origin alleles were segregating in the grand parental breeds, the proportion of declared POD QTL decreased, which was more pronounced in a mating design with a small number of parents ($F_0$ and $F_1$). Non-POD QTL, i.e. with Mendelian or parent-of-origin expression (complete imprinting) inheritance, were well classified (>90%) as non-POD QTL, except for QTL with small effects and paternal or maternal expression in the design with a small number of parents, for which spurious POD QTL were declared.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2005

Pod shape of twenty soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) genotypes was evaluated quantitatively by image analysis using elliptic Fourier descriptors and their principal components. The closed contour of each pod projection was extracted, and 80 elliptic Fourier coefficients were calculated for each contour. The Fourier coefficients were standardized so that they were invariant of size, rotation, shift, and chain code starting point. Then, the principal components on the standardized Fourier coefficients were evaluated. The cumulative contribution at the fifth principal component was higher than $95\%$, indicating that the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth principal components represented the aspect ratio of the pod, the location of the pod centroid, the sharpness of the two pod tips and the roundness of the base in the pod contour, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences in these principal components and seed number per pod. As the principal components for pod shape varied continuously, pod shape might be controlled by polygenes. It was concluded that principal component scores based on elliptic Fourier descriptors yield seemed to be useful in quantitative parameters not only for evaluating soybean pod shape in a soybean breeding program but also for describing pod shape for evaluating soybean germplasm.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.25-31
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• 2018

Captive Flight Test (CFT) is one of the most important tests to acquire data when developing complex weapon systems. In this paper, we introduce the design and test result of our POD system for CFT. POD system uses POD set which consists of left and right POD. The exterior and mass properties of POD set are equal to those of fuel tank for aircraft so that we can omit Airworthiness Certification. Also, we adequately placed inner-equipments in order to acquire data including target image, navigation result and reference data to verify and analyse software algorithm. The POD system for CFT we developed is complex system as both mechanical and electronic factors are applied. As we repeatedly performed CFT, useful and various data for weapon development were acquired.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2013

The purpose of this current study is to explore use of pod casting. First, the study investigated types of motivation for using pod casting. Secondly, based on theory of planned behavior, we analyzed how social norm, attitude, and self-efficacy regarding using of pod casting influence people's using behavior of pod casting. We found the four different types of motivation for using pod casting: Everyday life information, entertainment, flee from reality, and professional information. Regarding theory of planned behavior, the theory was significant model to explain use of pod casting, and self-efficacy was the most significant variable to predict use of pod casting.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.199-207
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• 2010

Making use of mobile in the education field with international providing of iPod, iPhone and the rapid growth of information oriented society suggest lots of ideas in the aspect of method of education. Using the various technology of iPod and iPhone leads to change of teaching method because iPod and iPhone supports lots of skills of teaching which is student-centered is gradually supplying to students. Furthermore, Not only the development of various mobile contents can be materialized in iPod circumstance is processing in information-communication field of Korea, but also a recognition of people about iPod and iPhone is changing positively. Along this change, it expects to using of iPod and iPhone for teaching methods in school will affect to the education effectively and promote the quality of education. So, this study was focused on the development application for using iPod and iPhone in each subjects of Society and Science according to this features of changes with expecting the educational effect accompanied by using iPod and iPhone and searched the previous examples of using mobile application.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2015

Cocoa pod is among the by-products of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) plantations. The aim of this study was to apply a number of treatments in order to improve nutritional quality of cocoa pod for feeding of ruminants. Cocoa pod was subjected to different treatments, i.e. C (cocoa pod without any treatment or control), CAm (cocoa pod+1.5% urea), CMo (cocoa pod+3% molasses), CRu (cocoa pod+3% rumen content) and CPh (cocoa pod+3% molasses+Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculum). Analysis of proximate and Van Soest's fiber fraction were performed on the respective treatments. The pods were then subjected to an in vitro digestibility evaluation by incubation in rumen fluid-buffer medium, employing a randomized complete block design (n = 3 replicates). Further, an in vivo evaluation of the pods (35% inclusion level in total mixed ration) was conducted by feeding to young Holstein steers (average body weight of $145{\pm}3.6kg$) with a $5{\times}5$ latin square design arrangement (n = 5 replicates). Each experimental period lasted for 30 d; the first 20 d was for feed adaptation, the next 3 d was for sampling of rumen liquid, and the last 7 d was for measurements of digestibility and N balance. Results revealed that lignin content was reduced significantly when cocoa pod was treated with urea, molasses, rumen content or P. chrysosporium (p<0.01) with the following order of effectiveness: CPh>CAm>CRu>CMo. Among all treatments, CAm and CPh treatments significantly improved the in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (p<0.05) of cocoa pod. Average daily gain of steers receiving CAm or CPh treatment was significantly higher than that of control (p<0.01) with an increase of 105% and 92%, respectively. Such higher daily gain was concomitant with higher N retention and proportion of N retention to N intake in CAm and CPh treatments than those of control (p<0.05). It can be concluded from this study that treatment with either urea or P. chrysosporium is effective in improving the nutritive value of cocoa pod.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2001

Snap bean is a new corp in Korea but believed to have a great deal of potentials for both domestic and overseas markets. The present study was performed to obtain the basic information about growth- and quality-related characteristics and to determinate the optimum seeding date and harvesting time for snap bean. Pod yield was significantly affected by seeding date. The highest pod yield was obtained from March 20 for determinate type and April 4 for indeterminate one, respectively, with the range of 13.0-23.7 t/ha. The pod length of indeterminate type was over 13cm, and the pod length was over 5 grams. The pod width for tested varieties was less than 1.0cm. Considering the pod growth characters such as pod length, pod width, and pod weight, the optimum harvesting time for immature pods of snap bean was supposed to be from 15 to 20 days after flowering. The daily yield of snap bean was begun to sharply increase from 15 days after the first flowering and the maximum yield was recorded at 30 days after flowering. For the accumulated yield, nearly 90% of total yield was obtained in 42 days after flowering.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.43 no.2 s.146
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• pp.164-170
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• 2006

To improve ship's maneuverability and carry out special goal POD propulsion system was equipped as propulsion and maneuvering system. To predict the maneuverability of a ship with POD propulsion system HPMM tests and POD open water test are carried out. In this paper modular model with 4 degree of freedom of a ship with twin POD propulsion system is presented. To use modular model the forces of POD propulsion system are measured separately from the hull forces. The measured forces and moments are analyzed by using modular model and whole ship model The simulation results of modular model are compared with those of whole ship model. From the present study it is Possible to analyze HPMM tests of a ship with twin POD propulsion system by modular model.