• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.645-652
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• 2011

This study examined changes of both psychological and physiological emotional responses according to change of the PMV (predicted mean vote) in the heating and the cooling air conditions. For this purpose, the changes of PMV were induced by the heating and cooling operations of the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. In addition, positive/negative and arousal/relaxation were measured as the participant's psychological emotional responses, and HR (heart rate) was measured as the participant's physiological emotional responses. As a result, in same range of the PMV, both psychological and physiological emotional-responses were changed by air conditioning. It is suggested that occupant's emotional responses would depend on the operational conditions of heating and cooling in indoor thermal environments, and both psychological and physiological emotional response should be considered when occupants try to match the indoor thermal environments to their thermal expectations.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

It is not sufficient to control the indoor thermal environment using only one or two parameters by itself as human response for the control of indoor thermal environment. So a proper environmental thermal index is required for the control of indoor thermal environment effectively. In this study, the physical environment was measured and analysed and the skin temperature of the subjects and their response were investigated to evaluate the optimum thermal comfort range for cooling season in an apartment house. As a result, the optimal temperature was 26.1$^{\circ}C$ and the temperature ranges which more than 80% responded as satisfactory were 24.1~28.$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. As the OT had most significant interrelation with the PMV, it is desirable to use the OT in evaluating the thermal environment during cooling. Also, the comfort range was concluded between OT 25.5~27.3$^{\circ}C$ by appointing the PMV of -0.5~0.5 as the optimum comfort condition. In addition, the Human responses were compared with calculated PMV, OT and MRT and the relationships are suggested in order to utilize to control indoor thermal environment.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2003

This research is about a comfort sensing system for human environmental monitoring using a one-bodied humidity and temperature sensor and an air flow sensor. The thermal comfort that a human being feels in indoor environment has been known to be influenced mostly by six parameters, i.e. air temperature, radiation, air flow, humidity, activity level and clothing thermal resistance. Considering an environmental monitoring, we have designed and fabricated a one-bodied humidity and temperature sensor and an air flow sensor that detect air relative humidity, temperature and air flow in human environment using surface micromachining technologies. Micro-controller calculates a PMV (predicted mean vote) and CSV (comfort sensing vote) with sensing signals and display a PMV on LCD (liquid crystal display) for human comfort on indoor climate. Our work has demonstrated that a comfort sensing system can provide an effective means of measuring and monitoring the indoor comfort sensing index of a human being. Experimental results with simulated environment clearly suggest that our comfort sensing system can be used in many applications such as air conditioning system, feedback controlling in automobile, home and hospital etc..

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 1999

This objective of this paper is to investigate the evaluation and indiction of human thermal comfort in building environment. The issue of defining the boundaries of acceptable thermal comfort conditions in buildings and urban may have significant implication for building design and also may have urban design by climate considerations. And then it is to apply the thermal comfort condition to environmental design by using passive methods in Korea. Since 1920. architects have conducted studies to measure thermal comfort in houses under hot and humid conditions, while industrial hygienists have studied the effects of temperature and humidity on the performance of factory workers. Thermal comfort can be influenced by many variables. This paper conducted to review the previous researches and the human heat balance equation, and to analyse in order to reveal the meaning and usage of the thermal comfort index in two traditional essays, Fanger's PMV and Gagge's ET* Their comfort indexes compared with each other. They were based on human heat balance equation and psychological and physiological responses in the laboratory tests. The researchers and the architectural engineers using thermal comfort index shall be careful in decided the use of indexes and be necessary to recognize the value concept of the design criteria for thermal comfort. Therefore, The opinion of the authors is that different comfort standards have to apply for each building and urban with different climatic conditions.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2012

The rapid urbanization caused drastic temperature changes in Korea. Excessive urbanization and development result in unpredictable and abnormal climate change all over the world. These changes are reflected in Korean government policy and research about cities, such that various research endeavors have been undergone recently. There are lots of ways to improve the urban environment; the easiest way to solve the urban heat effect problem is to make green spaces within the city. Even though we can't enlarge green spaces over the city limitlessly, it is desperately need for a methodology to efficiently create green space in limited area. Based on awareness of issues as mentioned earlier, we would like to propose landscaping method that can increase thermal comfort in the same area. For this study, simulating the change of temperature, mean radiant temperature, PMV were done due to number of species planted in apartment complex. To increase the reliability of the simulation, first above all, field measurement for temperature change was performed in apartment complex, where residential building are arranged in the form of ㄷ. And based on this data, Envi-met simulation was performed varying 1-7 kinds of species divided by grass, shrubs, arbor (deciduous, conifers) planted in apartment complex. As a result, there was a change less than $1^{\circ}C$ with the increasing number of species in daytime, but the average radiation temperature about $6-7^{\circ}C$ was reduced. In addition, PMV index was improved by more than 0.5 point. Thermal comfort indicator improved significantly depending on the number of species during the day, on the other hand, there were no significant changes at night. As a consequence, this study has shown that not single-species planting but mixed planting varied the number of species would improve the thermal comfort in the same area of landscaping space at daytime.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1269-1281
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• 2016

This study evaporative cooling system a heat wave climate change and reduction of the inside and outside thermal environment change research. Measurement items included micro meteorological phenomena and measured comfort indices. A micro meteorograph of temperature, relative humidity, surface temperature, and the comfort indices of WBGT, UTCI, and PMV were measured. The difference in inside and outside temperatures were compared for different land types, with the largest difference found in Type A ($4.81^{\circ}C$), followed by Type B ($4.40^{\circ}C$) and Type C ($3.12^{\circ}C$). Relative humidity was about 10.43% higher inside due to water injection by the evaporative cooling system. Surface temperature was inside about $6.60^{\circ}C$ higher than the outside all types. WBGT were Type A ($3.50^{\circ}C$) > Type B ($2.71^{\circ}C$) > Type C ($1.88^{\circ}C$). UTCI was low heat stress inside than outside all types. PMV was analysed Type C for inside predicted percentage of dissatisfied 75%, other types was percentage of dissatisfied 100% by inside and outside. Correlation analysis between land cover type and temperature, surface temperature, pmv, utci. T-test analysed inside and outside temperature difference was significant in all types of land.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.970-975
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• 2008

This study considers indoor thermal comfort in an ondol space by supply vent configurations to prevent cold draft in winter. A specially-designed vent cap has been investigated in comparison with a round pan-type vent and a simple opening without a cap. Numerical simulations have been conducted using CFD to analyze thermal comfort indices such as Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Effective Draft Temperature (EDT) as well as air distribution index i.e. Air Diffusion Performance Index (ADPI). Results show the new vent cap provides improved thermal comfort conditions especially near ondol heated floor, as the cold outdoor air spreads upwards along the vertical wall before reaching occupant region near floor. This paper includes discussions on the flow and comfort distributions created by the thermal jets from the vents.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.108-112
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of thermal comfort index and to present the thermal comfort range through regression analyses and experiment in a radiant floor heating system laboratory. The results were compared to the comfort zone of ISO-7730, and the applicability of the thermal comfort index to a radiant floor heating system was studied. On comparing the sedentary posture on the floor to sitting on the chair, the comfort zone and the neutral point of comfort index showed different values. It is considered that the influence of conduction from floor to the human is sufficient. Moreover, we could find a correlation between the thermal sensation votes of subjects, and the comfort indexes were lower than those by calculation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.268-276
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: In the month of January 2018, fine dust alerts and warnings were issued 36 times for $PM_{10}$ and 81 times for PM2.5. Air quality is becoming a serious issue nation-wide. Although interest in air-purifying plants is growing due to the controversy over the risk of chemical substances of regular air-purifying solutions, industrial spread of the plants has been limited due to their efficiency in air-conditioning perspective. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study aims to propose a vegetation-based bio-filter system that can assure total indoor air volume for the efficient application of air-purifying plants. In order to evaluate the quantitative performance of the system, time-series analysis was conducted on air-conditioning performance, indoor air quality, and comfort index improvement effects in a lecture room-style laboratory with 16 persons present in the room. The system provided 4.24 ACH ventilation rate and reduced indoor temperature by $1.6^{\circ}C$ and black bulb temperature by $1.0^{\circ}C$. Relative humidity increased by 24.4% and deteriorated comfort index. However, this seemed to be offset by turbulent flow created from the operation of air blowers. While $PM_{10}$ was reduced by 39.5% to $22.11{\mu}g/m^3$, $CO_2$ increased up to 1,329ppm. It is interpreted that released $CO_2$ could not be processed because light compensation point was not reached. As for the indoor comfort index, PMV was reduced by 83.6 % and PPD was reduced by 47.0% on average, indicating that indoor space in a comfort range could be created by operating vegetation-based bio-filters. CONCLUSION: The study confirmed that the vegetation-based bio-filter system is effective in lowering indoor temperature and $PM_{10}$ and has positive effects on creating comfortable indoor space in terms of PMV and PPD.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.590-595
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• 2009

PMV and ADPI were numerically investigated in a large space of various ceiling height with air-conditioning systems of two type. The numerical results showed that it is small that the growth of cooling load according to ceiling height rise in a large space without windows. In case of system air-conditioner of duct type embedded in the ceiling, the air mixing effect in indoor is superior to a case installed 4way cassette type in it. For controling thermal comfort at indoor, a system air-conditioner of duct type embedded in the ceiling is little influenced according to ceiling height rise in a large space considered.