• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2006

This study was carried cut to determine the immunological response of uterus-induced by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Holstein cows. The LPS isolated from Bacteroids helcogenes and Fusobacterium varium was injected at the rate of 100 ${\mu}g$ with 30 ml of phospahte buffer saline(PBS) in each cow(n=5). Three cows were acted as control. There was no difference in total polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNL) concentration in uterine fluid between control and LPS groups at 24, 48 and 72 hrs after LPS treatment. There was significant difference in rate of PMNL between control and LPS groups at 24(41.7% vs 72.1%), 48(41.0% vs 81.6%) and 72 hrs(44.3% vs 79.0%) after LPS treatment. There was no difference in PMNL viability between control and LPS groups at 24, 48 and 72 hrs after LPS treatment. There was significant difference in rate of phagocytic PMNL between control and LPS groups at 48 hr after LPS treatment(1.1% vs 7.7%).

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1988.08a
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• pp.115-121
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• 1988

Although Saponin A from Panax ginseng has previously been shown to inhibit carageenin induced edema. a paucity of information exists on the effects of components from ginseng on the cellular inflammatory response. specifically polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function. The purpose of this study was 10 determine the effects of isolated neutral dammarane saponins from ginseng (i.e..glycosidic derivatives of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol [ginsenoside $Rb_1,\;Rb_2$ and Rc] and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol [ginsenosides Re and $Rg_1$]) on in vivo PMNL function and to compare their effects with those produced by a steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (dexamethasone) and commercially available saponin. Dexamethasone. the ginsenosides and saponin were all shown to he potent inhibitors of PMNL chemotaxis using the $^{51}Cr$ assay with $5{\times}10^{-8}M$ f-met-leu-phe [FMLP] as the chemoattractant. Inhibition or PMNL chemotaxis by dexamethasone. the ginsenosides and saponin were all shown to be both time-and dose-dependent and these agents did not affect cellular viability at the concentrations tested Saponin and the ginsenosides were more potent inhibitors of chemotaxis than was dexamethasone. while oxidant generation (as measured by the luminol-enhaneed chemil-uminescence of PMNL using FMNL $[10^{-6}]$ as the stimulus) was inhibited by dexamethasone. the ginsenosides $(Rb_1\;Rb_2\;Rc\;Re\;and\;Rg_1)$ and saponin at a concentration of 1 ${\mu}M$ had no significant effect on PMNL chemiluminescence. Thus. the neutral dammarane saponins are potentially important modulators or PMNL function and their inhibitory effects may he differentiated from those of the Steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.441-446
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• 1986

Previous studies have demonstrated that phagocytosis of encapsulated bacteria needs the opsonization of bacteria with immunoglobulin and complement. Several investigators have studied the role of specific antibody to the bacteria. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of specific anti-Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4($A{\alpha}Y4$) antibody, which was obtained from the immunized rabbit serum for phagocytosis of $A{\alpha}Y4$ by PMNL. For this study, specific and nonspecific IgG were separated from the sera of the rabbits and PMNL were isolated from 15 healthy adults. By an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the results showed that the binding capacity of anti-$A{\alpha}Y4$ IgG to $A{\alpha}Y4$ was much higher than that of nonspecific IgG; 0.75 and 0.14(O.D. at 400nm), respectively. The oxygen consumption of PMNL, phagocytizing $A{\alpha}Y4$ which was opsonized with specific $A{\alpha}Y4$ IgG(37.13 nmol/min/$1{\times}10^7$ PMNL), was significantly higher than that with nonspecific IgG(27.95 nmol/min/$1{\times}10^7$ PMNL, p<0.01). In immunofluorescence microscopic examination, the difference between the numbers of the ingested $A{\alpha}Y4$ opsonized with specific anti-$A{\alpha}Y4$ IgG and nonspecific IgG reached to statistically significant level; $184{\pm}11.4$ and $133.2{\pm}8.3$ per 100 PMNL, p<0.05. These results suggest that specific anti-$A{\alpha}Y4$ IgG has a significant role in PMNL phagocytosis of encapsulated $A{\alpha}Y4$ and also it can be available to adopt this system to develop anti-capsular antibody to $A{\alpha}Y4$ for enhancing and emphasizing the phagocytic activity against this bacterium.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.69.2-69.2
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• 1984

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.34.2-34.2
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• 1979

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 1993

The effect of Roentgen rays on carcinoma of the cervix has long been of great interest to both radiologists and gynecologists. Since most cervical carcinomas are treated by irradiation, any additional knowledge either concerning the radiosensitivity of cervical tumors or their ultimate prognosis would be of value. The vaginal smear is considered to be one of convenient and rapid methods to study the effects of radiation on cervical malignancy. We observed morphologic changes in 297 cytologic preparations obtained from 60 patients who had underwent irradiation for cancer of the cervix. With the morphologic parameters such as cytoplasmic vacuolization, cytoplasmic basophilia, multinucleated giant cell formation, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) sticking and postradiation dysplasia, we analyzed the findings in relation to the follow up time interval. The most common effect was the cytoplasmic vacuolization with basophilia of basaloid cells, which were noted in more than 90% of followed patients. The multinucleated giant ceil formation and PMNL stickering were noted in 38 cases(63%) and 48 cases(80% ) respectively. The differential diagnosis of postradiation dysplasia from recurrent or persistent carcinoma, reparative atypical cells, and regressing tumor cells was difficult and further study seems to be needed to clarify the more accurate morphologic features and biologic behavior.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.319-323
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• 1989

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) was obtained from peritoneal cavity in rat treated with casein. Effects of divalent cations and drugs on leukotriene $B_4(LTB_4)$ formation from arachidonic acid in the PMNL were determined by HPLC assay. 5-Lipoxygenase, a key enzyme for $LTB_4$ formation from arachidonic acid, exhibited $V_{max}$ at $1\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$, and $K_m$ at $9.89\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ of arachidonic acid. Optimal $Ca^{++}$ concentration for the enzyme activity was $1\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ but $Zn^{++}$ did not show any significant effects on the $LTB_4$ formation. Indomethacin and caffeic acid exhibited inhibitory effects on the $LTB_4$ formation at $1\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ and $4\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$, respectively. However, 6-aminohexanoic acid did not show any significant effects on the $LTB_4$ formation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2004

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.247-251
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• 1997

The effects of the extract of the root of Cynanchum wilfordi (Asclepiadaceae), the alkaloid fraction, and the isolated main constituent (gagaminine) on 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOEC 1.13.11.34) in bovine PMNL have been studied. The effect of the crude extracts of wildand cultivated plant was also compared each other. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of gagaminine on 5-Lo was compared with those of the standard drugs. Gagaminine inhibited 5-Lo activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $26\;{\mu}M$, this result indicates that gagaminine may be useful for in vivo experiments as 5-LO inhibitor.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.669-675
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory action of $2-hydroxyethyl-{\beta}-undecenate$ (HPS) purified from Cumin (Cuminum cymium L.) seed against periodontitis. From the study in which human leukocyte was employed to detect the inhibiting effects of 5-lipokygenase and cyclooxygenase, enzymes generating carriers of infection like $LTB_4$ and PGs, as well as of collagenase and elastase, organ-destroying enzymes, following conclusions could be drawn: HPS was found to inhibit leukotrien $B_4$ biosynthesis by stimulating more than 97% of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) with addition of $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$ when $IC_{50}$ was set at $2\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$. Ninety-two percent of enzyme activation turned out to be inhibited when $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$ was added in a test to prove inhibiting effects of HPS against activation of PMNL 5-lipoxygenase from homogeneous humans and purified 5-lipoxygenase on the market. Besides, $IC_{50}$ for enzyme activation was valued at $2.5\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$, while the value of $IC_{50}$ for purified 5-lipoxygenase was $2.3\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$. The $IC_{50}$ values of COX-activated leukocyte and purified collagenase were $5.1\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$ and $2.3\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$, respectively. Moreover, the value of $IC_{50}$ for activation of leukocyte collagenase was $2\;{\times}\;10^{-3}\;M$, whereas that for purified collagenase was $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$. In case of leukocyte elastase, addition of $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$ inhibited its activation by 66%. In case of purified one, however, activation of enzyme was inhibited by 25% with addition of $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$. Furthermore, the $IC_{50}$ value for activation of leukocyte elastase was revealed to be $7.5\;{\times}\;10^{-3}\;M$. From the virulence test with human gingiva cell, it was shown that, on the second day of cultivation, 47.83% of the cell had been activated when HPS was added by $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$. Even the addition of HPS by $1\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$ featured 68.53% of cell activation, suggesting relatively strong toxicity of the substance against gingiva cell.