• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.82-99
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• 2016

This study was carried out to understand the regional contribution of Particulate Matter (PM) emissions from East Asia ($82^{\circ}{\sim}149^{\circ}E$, $18^{\circ}{\sim}53^{\circ}N$) to Seoul during high concentration period in February 2014. The Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) version 5.0.2 with Decoupled Direct Method (DDM) was used to analyze levels of contributions over Seoul. In order to validate model performance of the CMAQ, predicted PM and its chemical species concentrations were compared to observations in China and Seoul. Model predictions could depict the daily and hourly variations of observed PM. The calculated PM concentrations, however, had a tendency of underestimation. The discrepancies are due to uncertainties of meteorological data, emission inventories and CMAQ model itself. The high PM concentration in Seoul was induced by stationary anticyclone over the West Coast of Korea during 24 to 27 February. The DDM in CMAQ was used to analyze the contributions of emissions from East Asia on Seoul during this PM episode. $PM_{10}$ concentration in Seoul is contributed by 39.77%~53.19% from China industrial and urban region, 15.37%~37.10% from South Korea, and 9.03%~18.05% North Korea. These indicate that $PM_{10}$ concentrations in Seoul during the episode period are dominated by long-range transport from China region as well as domestic sources. It was also found that the largest contribution region in China were Shandong peninsula during the PM event period.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 1977

The author carried out to determine the normal range of eruptive time, average age and order of eruption of primary teeth in korean infants. The examimation was given to 1757 healty infants(Male 1032, female 725) from afterbirth 4 months to 32 months. The results was as fallows. 1. The eruption of primary teeth was 0.57 months earlier in male than in female. 2. The average month of eruption of primary teeth was as follows; Upper primary central is $9.66{\pm}0.19$ months Upper primary lateral is $11.58{\pm}0.18$ months. Upper primary canine is $18.06{\pm}0.32$ months. Upper first primary molar is $16.45{\pm}0.29$ months. Upper second primary molar is $24.28{\pm}0.51$ months. Lower primary central is $7.50{\pm}0.12$ months. Lower primary lateral is $12.87{\pm}0.16$ months. Lower primary camine is $18.82{\pm}0.34$ months. Lower first primary molar is $17.66{\pm}0.37$ months. Lower second primary molar is $23.89{\pm}0.51$ months. 3. The eruptive order of the korean is different from that of the American and same to that of Japanese. 4. There is no significant right and left arch. 5. Generally, the eruption of primary teeth on the upper is 1.08 months earlier than on the lower; but the upper central is 2.16 months later than the lower and the upper second primary is 0.39 months later than the lower.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2010

Aim : This study was conducted to assess the oral health status of deaf and mute children attending special school. Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 137 deaf and mute children with ages ranging from 7 to 18 years. A total of 76 males (55.47%) with mean age of $14.2{\pm}4.5$ and 61 females (44.53%) with mean age of $13.8{\pm}4.2$ years and studying in a school for deaf and mute children in Warora were considered. Data were collected using a standard method recommended by WHO for the oral health survey in 1977. Oral health status was assessed using OHIS, Loe and Sinless, and CPI Index along with DMFT and DMFS Index. Gingival position was considered for measuring attachment loss. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software package (version 17.0). Results : The mean DMFT was found to be $2.53{\pm}1.72$, and mean DMFS, $3.37{\pm}3.16$. The prevalence of dental caries was pegged at 35.32%, with mean OHIS score at $1.49{\pm}0.76$. Overall gingival index among deaf and mute children was $0.81{\pm}1.4$, whereas that for the upper arch and lower arch was $0.92{\pm}0.84$ and $1.19{\pm}0.95$, respectively. The mean score for the CPI Index among deaf and mute children was found to be $0.42{\pm}0.32$. Gingival clinical attachment loss was found to be $0.26{\pm}0.15mm$. Conclusion : These findings suggest that children with hearing disabilities can also have good oral hygiene comparable to normal individuals of the same age group. These results may be attributed to the fact that the study sample was taken from a single school of a private organization with a well-equipped dental setup.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

Objectives : The present study was designed to investigate effects of mixed extracts (9:1, v/v) of Hwangryunhaedoktang, Chamaecyparis obtusa essential oil. We evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity by manufacturing mixed extracts as the materials for functional medicinal herb cosmetics. Methods : We performed antimicrobial were tested microbes (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acnes) by disc diffusion method and measure clear zone. Antioxidant activities were measured by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. Results : Antimicrobial activities of mixed extracts against S. epidermideis, P. acnes, S. aureus, E. coli, and Candida. A were $10.9{\pm}3.0mm$, $16.9{\pm}2.0mm$, $9.2{\pm}2.0mm$, $10.3{\pm}1.0mm$, $11.8{\pm}3.0mm$ respectively. The Chamaecyparis obtusa essential oil had the highest antimicrobial activities against S. epidermideis, P. acnes, S. aureus, E. coli, and Candia. A and clear zone of microbes ware $16.7{\pm}3.0mm$, $28.8{\pm}0.2mm$, $15.9{\pm}2.0mm$, $11.5{\pm}1.0mm$, $16.3{\pm}3.0mm$. Hwangryunhaedoktang extract showed antimicrobial activity but only P. acnes and S. aureus The antioxidant activities of the mixed extracts were tested through the evaluation of DPPH radical scavenging activity. The 100 % mixed extracts were found to have 90 % DPPH radical scavenging activity. The mixed extracts was presented similar antioxidant activities compared with that of ascorbic acid. As a result, A mixture extract is expected to have antimicrobial effects and free radical scavenging activity was found. Conclusions : Accordingly, It can be concluded that mixed extracts has the potential to cosmetic material.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate effect of ankle instability on peripheral muscle activation among female ballet dancers to provide information on the development of prevention programs for ankle injury rehabilitation. Methods: 32 female ballet dancers were randomly divided into two groups: experience ankle sprain group (n=16, age, $20.7{\pm}0.8years$, BMI $18.6{\pm}1.2kg/m2$) and non-experience ankle sprain group (n=16, $age=21.0{\pm}0.8years$, BMI $19.6{\pm}2.0kg/m2$). Activation of the peroneus longus, tibialis anterior muscle, and gastrocnemius during vertical landing, half pointe, and gait between the two groups were measured. Body composition analyzer was used to examine skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass. Results: A total of 32 patients were included. In the experience ankle sprain group (n=16: left sprain 14, right sprain 2), average ankle sprain injury occurred 7.5 months before the study. The average age of the dancers in the experience ankle sprain group and non-experience ankle sprain group was $20.7{\pm}0.8$ and $21.0{\pm}0.8years$, major period was $64.5{\pm}23.8$ and $71.6{\pm}25.8months$, BMI was $18.6{\pm}1.2$ and $19.5{\pm}2.0kg/m2$, respectively. No significant differences were found on body composition between the two groups (p>0.05). The experience ankle sprain group showed significantly lower tibialis anterior and peroneus longus muscle activation (p<0.5), while gastrocnemius muscle activation appeared to be significantly higher (p<0.05) during landing, half pointe, and normal gait. Conclusion: Ankle sprain can cause a decline in peripheral muscle activation and coordination, which increased the risk for repetitive ankle sprain in the future. Moreover, ankle peripheral muscle selective strength training, coordination program development, and application need to be considered to prevent ankle sprain.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 독거노인의 인구사회학적 특성과 우울, 영적안녕, 삶의 질이 죽음불안에 미치는 영향을 탐색하여 다양한 간호중재 프로그램 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. 연구대상은 편의표출한 충청남도 소재 2개 군 지역에 거주하는 65세 이상의 독거노인 중 노인대학에 등록된 자로 인지기능에 장애가 없고, 의사소통이 가능한 187명이며, 자료수집기간은 2014년 2월부터 2015년 2월까지로 SPSS 18 프로그램을 이용하여 자료분석을 실시하였다. 독거노인의 전체죽음불안은 2.94(${\pm}0.32$)점이었고, 하위영역별로 죽음과정의 불안 3.06(${\pm}0.32$)점, 사후죽음의 불안 2.88(${\pm}0.51$)점, 존재상실의 불안 2.75(${\pm}0.43$)점 순으로 나타났다. 독거노인의 특성에 따른 전체 죽음불안수준은 여성노인이 남성보다(t=125.39, p=.001), 나이가 적을수록(F=1.16, p=.003), 경제수준이 낮을수록(F=3.36, p=.000), 가족관계가 좋을수록(F=0.43, p=0.34), 종교가 있는 경우(t=125.39, p=.000)에 죽음불안이 높았다. 죽음불안은 우울할수록(r=.192, p=.009), 영적안녕이 낮을수록(r=-.234, p=.002) 삶의 질이 낮을수록(r=-.190, p=.009) 높았으며, 죽음불안에 영향을 미치는 요인은 경제상태, 우울, 영적안녕으로 경제상태(${\beta}=-.36$, p=.000)가 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 전체 설명력은 20.3%이다. 따라서 독거노인의 죽음불안 감소를 위해 우울, 영적안녕, 삶의 질 개선을 위한 중재프로그램과 더불어 사회보장체계가 강화되어야 할 필요가 있다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.669-674
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• 2006

청과물의 품질 영양표시 모델을 개발하기 위하여 경북의성군 옥자두를 대상으로 품질 및 영양적 성분을 분석하고 품질 영양표시 모델을 확립하였다. 일반성분은 수분 92%, 조단백 0.74%, 조지방 0.64%, 조섬유 1.65%, 조회분 0.32%, 무질소물 4.29%로 확인되었으며, 열량은 32kcal/100g 으로 계산되었다. 당도는 $10.33{\pm}0.85Brix^{\circ}$로, 산도는 $1.08{\pm}0.12%$로 나타났으며, 자두의 비타민 C 함량은 $7.037{\pm}0.317mg%$로 나타났다. 무기질은 황, 칼륨, 칼슘, 나트륨, 마그네슘 등의 순으로 함량이 높았고, 주요 유리당으로는 과당, 포도당, 자당로 나타났다. 유기산으로는 호박산, 사과산, 구연산이 확인되었다. 총 페놀화합물의 함량은 과육과 과피 간에 현저하게 차이를 보였으며 전과로는 $75.55{\pm}0.73mg%$의 함량을 보였다. 품질 표시에는 당과 산 함량, 영양 정보 표시에는 열량, 미네랄, 비타민 C, 총 페놀 성분이 표기된 자두의 품질 영양 표시 모델을 개발하여 제시하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2017

본 연구는 한우 송아지 생산효율 향상을 위한 농가 번식 실태를 조사하였다. 한우 사육 규모별, 지역별로 나누어 45개 농가의 가임암소를 대상으로 조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 한우의 최초 분만월령은 평균 28.7개월령이었다. 수태당 인공수정 횟수는 $1.45{\pm}0.32$회였으며, 분만 후 인공수정 일수는 119.8일이었다. 수태율은 소규모 농가가 $75.2{\pm}16.93%$로 중규모($70.6{\pm}17.46%$) 및 대규모 농가($71.4{\pm}11.03%$)보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 번식률 상위 농가의 사육 방식을 보면, '발정관찰 보조기구를 사용하는 농가'가 '그렇지 않은 농가'보다 송아지 생산율이 10.42% 높았다. 번식소에 대해 IBR과 BVDV 예방접종을 실시한 농가는 유사산 폐사율이 4.41% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 농가여건에 따라 방목과 운동을 한 경우, 수태율과 분만율이 각각 3.47%, 18.29% 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 조사 결과를 통해 발정관찰, 예방접종, 방목이 한우농가에서 송아지 생산 효율을 높이는데 중요한 지표로 나타났다. 한우 사육 농가의 번식실태 조사를 통해 농가 현장의 번식률 향상을 위한 연구 자료로 활용이 가능할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1994

This study was carried out to compare serum lipid levels in 20 chronic alcoholics to those in 30 normal subjects. The mean systolic blood pressure in normals and chronic alcoholics were 113.0$\pm$16.9mmHg and 125.5$\pm$13.4mmHg, respectively. The differences between the two groups were significant(p〈0.01). The serum total cholesterol and triglyceride were 158.8$\pm$32.9mg/이 and 104.6$\pm$48.8mg/이 in normals and 204.9$\pm$45.8mg/이 and 206.5$\pm$128.9mg/이 in chronic alcoholics, respectively. The differences between the two groups were significant(p〈0.001 and p〈0.01). The serum HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were 45.7$\pm$10.0mg/이 and 92.2$\pm$28.5mg/이 in normals and 46.6$\pm$19.6mg/이 and 116.7$\pm$49.8mg/이 in chronic alcoholics, respectively. The differences between the two groups were not significant. Results of this study confirms the high level of serum lipids, especially of triglyceride in chronic alcoholics.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.977-982
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• 2009

비파엽 열수추출물을 이용하여 항산화성과 항히스타민 및 항염증 효과를 조사하였다. 비파엽 열수추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 28.91$\pm$2.1 mg/g, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 10.54$\pm$4.6 mg/g으로 분석되었다. 전자공여능은 400 $\mu g$/mL 에서 81.04$\pm$1.55%로 가장 높았으며, 아질산염 소거능은 pH 1.2($49.52\pm1.04\sim72.52\pm$0.84%)> pH 4.2($35.28\pm0.78\sim51.20\pm$1.10%)> pH 6.0($27.90\pm0.36\sim32.26\pm$1.20%) 순으로 pH가 낮을수록 비파엽 열수추출물 농도가 높을수록 높았다. 비파엽 열수추출물 100, 200, 300 $\mu g$/mL에서 $\beta$-hexosaminidase 방출 억제능은 각각 14.58$\pm$0.97%, 43.69$\pm$0.96%, 95.58$\pm$0.75%로 농도에 의존적으로 증가하였다. 비파엽 열수추출물을 이용하여 RAW cell을 대상으로 항염증 활성을 조사한 결과, 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하여 400 $\mu g$/mL에서 44.35$\pm$0.63%를 나타내어 다양한 생리활성을 보여주었다.