• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 1991

This studies were carried out to investigate the changes of blood pictures within 24hrs after birth in Korean native calves. The hematologic values were examined from 300 heads healthy Korean native calves in the area of western farm of Chungnam province. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. $Mean{\pm}SD$ values of serum total protein contents within 24 hrs after birth in Korean native calves were $8.42{\pm}0.92g$ / dl and 48.14{\pm}0.93g$ / dl, respectively. 2. $Meant{\pm}SD$ values of RBC count, WBC count, PCV and Hb contents within 24 hrs after birth in Koren native natives were 49.97{\pm}2.56{\times}10^3$ / mm^3$ and $9.88{\pm}2.93{\times}10^3/ mm^3, $ 439.56{\pm}15.42%$ and 441.66{\pm}7.09 %, $$ 12.79{\pm}1.59g$ / dl and 13.$63{\pm}1.87g$ / dl, respectively. 3. 4Meant{\pm}SD$ values of MCV, MCH and MCHC within 24 hrs after birth in Koren native calves were $43.41{\pm}3.09{\mu}mm^3$ and $43.88{\pm}3.31{\mu}mm^3, $ $14.05{\pm}1.22pg $and 414.36{\pm}1.6pg, $ $32.46{\pm}2.47g$ / dl and 432.96{\pm}3.17g$ / dl, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.317-319
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• 1999

The ciliate, Vorticella was often observed in the rotifer mass culture tanks as common co-existing organism. This Vorticella performed as a predator for aquatic bacteria population in the rotifer mass culture tanks. This study was carried out to investigate a cyst formation medium of Vorticella in the laboratory for keeping Vorticella seed. The test organism Vorticella sp. was isolated from culture water of rotifer mass culture tanks. The cyst of Vorticella was formed by dried-method for the formation and maintainance of cyst. MCCF (Marine Ciliate Cyst Formation) medium was used for cyst formation (incystment), preservation and return to moving cell (excystment) of the marine ciliate, Vorticella sp. The cyst shape and size were ellipical type and $30.51 \pm1.98\;\mu$m (Avg. $\pm$ SD) of minor axis and $28.89 \pm2.12\;\mu$m (Avg. $\pm$ SD) of minor axis (n=10), The Vorticella cyst was kept in the room temperature ($10\~35^{\circ}C$) and total dark condition (24D:0L) during 1 year. The preserved cyst was transferred to moving cell state (excystment) only by the addition of fresh sea water in the MCCF medium. The five Vorticella sp. moving cells of excysted from cysts showed the growth up to 912$\pm$64 cells/10 ml in MCCF medium during the culture period of 16 days. This MCCF medium was very useful tool for cyst formation and species preservation of marine ciliate Vorticella.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 1990

The growth of ark shell, Anadara broughtonii was compared between two areas, $Gad\v{o}gdo$ in Jinhae Bay and Namhae located in the southern coast of Korea from May 1986 to October 1987. The ark shells in Namhae grew from 1.38$\pm$0.32 em to 7.20$\pm$0.30 em in shell length, while those in $Gad\v{o}gdo$ grew from 1.38$\pm$0.32 em to 6,41$\pm$0.30 cm in 17 months. Shell height, shell breadth and total weigth of the ark shells in Namhae were also greater than those from $Gad\v{o}gdo$. Bottom quality of $Gad\v{o}gdo$ showed negative skewness, and that of Namhae was positive skewness. Negative skewness of $Gad\v{o}gdo$ seems to be caused by the effect of strong tidal current. This may indicate that Namhae is better area than $Gad\v{o}gdo$ for the culture of the ark shell.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.300-307
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the life cycle of Cephonodes hylas (Linne), that is damaging to Gardenia jasminoides Ellis in the seedbed at Namhae during 1984 and 1985. Results are summarized as follows. The eggs were laid in mass on the leaf surface of the host plants. The oviposition period lasts for 26 days after late-May. The average number of eggs and average hatching rate were 20.36 and 97.61% , respectively. It takes 14-16 days until hatching. The egg shape was oval which its size was 1.01 mm in diameter and 1.48 mm in length. The body length of each larval instar from the 1st to the 5th were $3.52\pm$1.01, $6.46\pm$0.45, $13.19\pm$4.27, $24.08\pm$2.22 and $43.71\pm$5.62 mm, respectively. The average weight of each larval instar were $13.34\pm$2.41, $29.83\pm$6.88, $76.64\pm$31.31, $292.09\pm$107.70 and 2,$144.84\pm$760.70 mm, respectively. The larval period was observed from July to October, and total duration of larval stage was 116 days in which duration of each larval instar from the 1st to the 5th were 12, 36, 32, 16 and 20 days, respectively. During larval stage, a larvae feed on 17~18 seedlings. The 5th instar larvae built its place in soil for overwinter and became pupa. The body length of pupa was 33.6 mm and average weight was 2,032 mg Adult was emerged from overwintened pupa from mid through late-May in the followings year. The sex ratio of female was 42.82% and the color ratio of brown was 89.93%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.829-836
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• 1995

This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between dietary, blood and urinary levels of lead and blood pressure and serum lipids in 30 healthy adult living in rural area of Korea. Analysis for the nutritional status of subjects were performed by 3-day dietary intake record, duplicated diet collection, 24-hour urine collection, and venous blood sampling before anthropometry. The mean daily intakes of lead estimated for 3 days was $120.1{\pm}22.0\mu\textrm{g}$. The blood levels and 24-hour urinary excretion of lead were $10.8{\pm}3.6\mu\textrm{g}/dl\;and\;36.5{\pm}9.5\mu\textrm{g}$, respectively. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were $113.0{\pm}16.9mmHg\;and\;76.7{\pm}12.1\;mmHg$. The serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ were $158.8{\pm}32.9mg/dl,\;104.6{\pm}48.8mg/dl,\;45.7{\pm}9.9mg/dl,\;92.2{\pm}28.5mg/dl\;and\;426.4{\pm}141.5mg/dl$, respectively. There was no significance in the relation between lead and blood pressure. In the relation between lead and serum lipids, it showed negative correlation with lead intake and HDL-choleterol at the level of significance of p<0.01. But there was no significance in the relation between lead and serum levels of otehr lipids.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 2007

Seed production of the cherry salmon, Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoort) were studied in terms of egg development, hatching rate, juvenile growth, smolt duration, smolt rate, and adult growth rates. Fork length and body weight of $0^+$ juvenile were $9.32{\pm}1.19\;cm$ and $9.36{\pm}3.50\;g$ for females and $9.07{\pm}1.02\;cm$ and $8.57{\pm}3.04\;g$ for males, respectively. Body weights of $1^+$ smolt were $84.09{\pm}18.1\;g$ and $86.33{\pm}41.2\;g$ for females and males, while body weights of $1^+$ parr were $101.88{\pm}60.9\;g$ and $98.38{\pm}39.6\;g$ for females and males, respectively. Monitoring of gonadosomatic index (GSI) confirmed that maturations of both sexes were not synchronous; males achieved highest GSI in September, while females achieved it in October.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

The litter production, the nutrient concentration of each component of litterfall, and the amounts of nutrient into the forest floor via litterfall were assessed for 5 years from January 2009 through December 2013 in a Pinus densiflora forest in Mt. Worak National Park. The average amounts of leaf litter, branch and bark, reproductive organs(flowers and cones), and miscellaneous categories for 5 years were $1.940{\pm}0.21$, $0.505{\pm}0.15$, $0.259{\pm}0.09$, and $0.737{\pm}0.14t\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively. The average percentage of leaf litter, branch and bark, reproductive organs and miscellaneous categories for 5 years were 56.4, 14.7, 7.5, and 21.4%, respectively. The amounts of total litterfall in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013 were 2.810, 3.796, 3.268, 3.284, and $4.045ton\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively. The average amounts of litterfall for 5 years were $3.441{\pm}0.4ton\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$. The average amounts of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg returned to the forest floor via litterfall for 5 years in this Pinus densiflora forest were $22.73{\pm}4.92$, $1.05{\pm}0.42$, $4.26{\pm}1.69$, $8.48{\pm}4.62$, and $2.42{\pm}1.01kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.573-580
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• 2011

Litter production, nutrient concentration of each component of litterfall and amount of nutrients input to forest floor via litterfall were investigated for four years from May 2005 through April 2009 in Quercus variabilis forest at Mt. Worak National Park. Amount of litterfall in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 were 5.181, 5.372, 5.314, 5.361 ton $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Average amount of litterfall for four years was 5.307${\pm}$0.09 ton $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$. Average percentage of leaf litter, branch and bark, reproductive organ and the miscellaneous for four years were 67.5${\pm}$1.9, 13.3${\pm}$0.8, 10.1${\pm}$0.5 and 9.1${\pm}$1.2%, respectively. Average amount of N, P, K, Ca and Mg returned to forest floor via litterfall for four years in this Q. variabilis forest were 44.47${\pm}$6.70, 2.50${\pm}$0.25, 12.26${\pm}$0.30, 17.23${\pm}$2.32 and 9.56${\pm}$0.54 kg $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.965-970
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• 2009

Oleuropein content of olive leaf extracts (OLE; ethanol extract) was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Oleuropein contents were $4.21{\pm}0.57$, $3.92{\pm}0.43$, $0.32{\pm}0.03$, $5.76{\pm}0.32$, and $32.47{\pm}0.25$ mg/100 g for ethanol extract, and hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fraction, respectively. The removal of DPPH free radical increased in OLE and all 5 fractions of OLE in a concentration dependent manner. In order to investigate the antioxidant effect of OLE in vitro, 80%(v/v) ethanol OLE, $H_2O_2$, or combined treatment of 80%(v/v) ethanol OLE and $H_2O_2$ were applied on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. Cells were damaged by oxidative stress decreased their viability followed by increasing concentration of $H_2O_2$, but co-treatment of OLE and $H_2O_2$ showed an increase in cell growth about 20% compare to the cells treated with $H_2O_2$. OLE suppresses cytotoxicity induced by $H_2O_2$ in dose dependent manner. OLE treatment on MEF cells was also examined by analyzing cell cycle and apoptotic rate using flow cytometry. Apoptotic and necrotic cell accumulation was decreased in addition of OLE to $H_2O_2$ compare to the oxidative damaged cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that OLE suppresses cytotoxicity induced by $H_2O_2$ and protect cells against oxidative stress on MEF cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.4881-4883
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• 2015

A population-based relationship between low vitamin D status and increased cancer risk is now generally accepted. However there were only few studies reported on prognostic impact. To determine the effect of low vitamin D on progression of breast cancer, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of vitamin D levels and clinico-pathological characteristics in 200 cases of breast cancer diagnosed during 2011-2012 at the National Cancer Institute of Thailand. Vitamin D levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Clinical and pathological data were accessed to examine prognostic effects of vitamin D. We found that the mean vitamin D level was $23.0{\pm}6.61ng/ml$. High vitamin D levels (${\geq}32ng/ml$) were detected in 7% of patients, low levels (<32 ng/ml) in 93% Mean vitamin D levels for stages 1-4 were $26.1{\pm}6.35$, $22.3{\pm}6.34$, $22.2{\pm}6.46$ and $21.3{\pm}5.42ng/ml$ respectively (P=0.016) and 24.1 and 21.3 ng/ml for lymph node negative and positive cases (P=0.006). Low vitamin D level (<32 ng/ml) was significantly found in majority of cases with advanced stage of the disease (P=0.036), positive node involvement (P=0.030) and large tumors (P=0.038). Our findings suggest that low and decreased level of vitamin D might correlate with progression and metastasis of breast cancer.