• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.1012-1017
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• 2017

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Family: Aizoaceae) is an annual plant consisting of ice crystal-shaped bladder cells, which is responsible for its common name ice plant. This study investigated biological activities according to general components and extraction solvent in order to examine the functionality of ice plant. The total content of free amino acids was 32.57 mg/g, including 4.64 mg/g of L-alanine as the most abundant and 2.60 mg/g of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid. Regarding angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities of solvent fractions of ice plant, ethyl acetate fraction and chloroform fraction showed activities of $33.17{\pm}3.20{\sim}88.19{\pm}3.20%$ and $23.72{\pm}2.89{\sim}86.78{\pm}2.24%$, respectively, similar to $Captopril^{(R)}$ ($19.51{\pm}3.44{\sim}84.72{\pm}1.06%$) and $Enalapril^{(R)}$ ($24.93{\pm}1.12{\sim}91.32{\pm}3.62%$) as positive control groups. Regarding inhibition of lipid droplet production in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by ice plant, anti-adipogenic activities were $53.00{\pm}0.45{\sim}65.75{\pm}0.31%$ and $44.16{\pm}0.29{\sim}63.32{\pm}0.36%$ in the ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction, respectively, showing the lowest lipid droplet production. The chloroform fraction and hexane fraction showed activities of $38.33{\pm}0.09{\sim}56.55{\pm}0.50%$ and $31.17{\pm}0.50{\sim}55.10{\pm}1.93%$, respectively, whereas the water fraction showed activity of $26.32{\pm}2.27{\sim}49.48{\pm}0.05%$. Therefore, all solvent fractions inhibited fat accumulation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes according to treatment concentration. According to the results above, it would be possible to utilize ice plant as a new health functional material.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to evaluate the improvement of testicular sperm motility following different culture conditions such as human follicular fluid (hFF) and temperature. Testicular tissues obtained from azoospermia (n=21) were minced into small pieces by blade and recovered sperm suspension were cultured in Ham's F10 with or without 40% hFF at different temperatures (Group I: 37$^{\circ}C$/with hFF, Group II: 32$^{\circ}C$/withGroup III: 37$^{\circ}C$/without, Group IV:32$^{\circ}C$ /without The motility and viability of sperm were monitored during culture for 48 hours. Initial motility of testicular sperm was 10.9$\pm$1.9%. After 24 hours culture, sperm motility was 23.5$\pm$2.1% (Group I), 8.1$\pm$1.1% (Group II), 10.4$\pm$ 1.4% (Group III) and 4.0$\pm$0.8% (Group IV), respectively. After 48 hours, the motility had been changed as 32$\pm$2.3% (Group I), 14.3$\pm$1.7% (Group II), 5.3 $\pm$1.4% (Group III) and 4.3$\pm$0.9% (Group IV). In hFF group (I and II), sperm motility of group I cultured at 37$^{\circ}C$ was higher than those of group II at 32$^{\circ}C$. But, sperm viability of group I cultured at 37$^{\circ}C$ was lower than those of group II at 32$^{\circ}C$ (54.4$\pm$4.1% vs. 59.4$\pm$3.7%) after cultured for 48 hours. We acquired the best motility of testicular sperm when performed in vitro culture for 48 hours in hFF supplemented medium at 37$^{\circ}C$. Increase of sperm motility by in vitro culture could be useful tool fur human TESE-ICSI program.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.223-227
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• 2002

연구목적: 전반적인 자궁내막증이 체외수정시술에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 특히 stage III-IV 자궁내막증을 갖는 불임환자 체외수정시술 결과에 대하여 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 1998년 9월부터 2001년 9월까지 진단복강경을 통해 자궁내막증으로 진단된 환자 중 체외수정시술을 시행 받은 91명 131주기를 대상으로 하였으며 이중 stage III-IV의 자궁내막증을 갖는 환자는 27명 34주기였다. 비교군은 이시기에 진단된 순수 난관원인으로 체외수정시술을 시행한 40명 56주기를 대상으로 하였다. 통계학적 검사는 Student's t-test와 Chi-square test를 시행하였고, p<0.05를 유의성이 있는 것으로 판정하였다. 결 과: 전체 자궁내막증 환자와 난관인자의 체외수정시술에서 두 군간의 나이는 $31.6{\pm}3.3$, $32.6{\pm}3.6$세로 비슷하였다. 채취된 난자의 수 ($10.3{\pm}6.6$ vs $11.7{\pm}5.1$), 성숙난자 수 ($7.4{\pm}4.7$ vs $7.7{\pm}4.9$), 수정율 ($70.2{\pm}32.4%$ vs $73.7{\pm}20.0%$), Good embryo quality rate (8세포 (G1+G2)를 2PN의 개수로 나눈 값) (32.6% vs 32.4%) 및 배아이식 수 ($4.6{\pm}1.4$ vs $4.8{\pm}1.1$)로 두 군간에 차이는 없었다. 또한 임상적 임신율의 경우도 각각 30.7%, 42.8%로 비슷하였다. 중등도 및 중증의 자궁내막증과 난관인자의 비교에서 성숙난자 및 채취된 난자의 개수는 각각 $8.8{\pm}4.9$, $7.7{\pm}3.9$, $11.3{\pm}7.0$, $11.7{\pm}5.1$개로 두 군간에 차이는 없었다. 수정율은 stage III와 IV 군에서 감소되는 경향을 보였으나 통계학적인 유의성은 없었다 ($66.2{\pm}30.0%$ vs $73.7{\pm}20.0%$). Good qulity embryo rate (GQER)는 stage III-IV 자궁내막증 환자군에서 22.0%로 순수 난관인자의 32.4%에 비하여 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 통계학적인 유의성은 없었다 (p=0.15, Chi-square test). 배아이식 수의 경우는 각각 $4.7{\pm}1.5$, $4.8{\pm}1.1$개로 차이가 없었다. 배아이식 주기당 임상적 임신율의 경우는 stage III-IV군에서 25.0% (8/32), 난관인자 군의 42.8% (24/56)로 통계학적인 유의성은 없었으나 (p=0.06, Chi-square test), 중등도 및 중증의 자궁내막증을 갖는 환자에서 임신율이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 결 론: 체외수정시술시 자궁내막증이 임신율에 나쁜 영향을 미치지 않지만, 중등도 및 중증의 자궁 내막증을 갖는 불임환자의 체외수정시술에서는 임신율에 나쁜 영향을 끼칠 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.494-501
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• 2012

In the present paper, the ultrasound blood images were measured at both the human radial artery(RA) and common carotid artery(CCA), depending on the age, and the pulsatility index of blood echogenicity(PIBE) was analyzed. In addition, the ultrasound blood images were measured at both RA and CCA of both the stroke patients and the control group, and PIBE was compared. PIBE of RA for the young group was similar with that for the old group ($0.13{\pm}0.11$ and $0.16{\pm}0.03$). PIBE of CCA for the young group, however, was larger than that for the old group ($0.70{\pm}0.21$ and $0.32{\pm}0.01$), and was more variable depending on the subject. Similarly, the fibrinogen concentrations of the patients ($336{\pm}61$ and $340{\pm}126mg/dl$) were more than that of the control group ($264{\pm}38$ and $257{\pm}43mg/dl$), for both RA and CCA. The results indicate the possibility of the ultrasonic test on the correlation between erythrocyte aggregation and stroke, and it is expected that the in-vivo EA measurement would be clinically useful.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.227-246
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• 1997

With a view of to providing basic data for designing male's and female's clothes, heslthy males and females(five each) were exposed to three different environmental temperature( $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$,$32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ in the nude. Their adaptation of skin temperature, physilogical responses, oral temperature, blood pressure, pulse rates) and psychological reactions (thermal, comfort and perceptive sweat sensations) were analyzed to be as follows; The subjects's skin temperature had a similar look of adaptation, but the stability of skin temperature differed at the $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$and at the $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ Males had higher skin temperatures at three environmental temperatures, but females showed a higher temperature change at the $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ and$28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ and males at the $32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ Thus females were more resistant to the cold, while male were more resistant to the heat. As environmental temperature increased, oral temperature and pulse rates also grew up. Females turned higher in oral temperature and lower in blood pressure, but both sexes had a normal range of physiological reactions. Even though three environmental temperature were same changes in thermal sensation at and in perceptive sweat sensation at $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$and in perceptive sweat sensation at$32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ the two sexes had the same response in comfort sensation at the three environmental temperature.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.39-59
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• 1997

With a view to providing basic data for designing male's and female's clothes, healthy males and females(five each) were exposed to three different environmental temperature($20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, $32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$) in the nude. Their adaptation of skin temperature, physiological responses( rectal temperature, blood pressure, pulse rates) and psychological reactions(thermal, comfort and perceptive sweaty sensations) were analyzed as follows; The subjects's skin temperature had a similar look of adaptation, but the stability of skin temperature differed at tha $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ and at the $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ Males had higher skin temperature at three environmental temperatures, but females showed a higher temperature change at the $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ and $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ and males at the$32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ Thus females were more resistant to the cold, while males were more resistant to the heat. As environmental temperature increased, rectal temperature and pulse rates also grew up. Females turned higher in rectal temperature and lower in blood pressure, but both sexes had a normal range of physiological reactions. Even though three environmental temperatures were same changes in thermal sensation at $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$and in perceptive sweat sensation at $32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, two sexes had the same response in comfort sensation at the three environmental temperatures.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.543-552
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate the eftects of Cd administered ad libitum for 6 weeks on the cellular immune responses of Balb/c mice. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The mice fed 25, 50 and 100ppm Cd drank as much as control, but the mice fed 200ppm Cd drank significantly less water after Cd exposure than did control. Increasing rates of body weight of Cd-fed mice for 6 weeks were as this, control group 27.0%, Cd administered groups(25, 50, 100 and 200ppm) 28.54%, 28.31%, 20.49% and 18.04%, respectively. 2. Absolute spleen to body weight(mg/g) of control, 25, 50, 100 and 200ppm Cd administered groups were $4.34{\pm}0.23$, $4.20{\pm}0.54$, $4.80{\pm}0.87$, $4.25{\pm}0.32$ and $4.40{\pm}0.32$, respectively. Splenic cellularity(${\times}10^7$) of control was $24.29{\pm}5.98$ but increased to $27.72{\pm}5.48$, $32.96{\pm}8.44$, $28.32{\pm}8.76$ and $29.64{\pm}4.08$ in 25, 50, 100 and 200ppm Cd-fed groups, respectively. 3. Total $CD_4{^+}$ cells(${\times}10^7$) of control, 25, 50, 100 and 200ppm Cd-fed groups were $9.15{\pm}2.24$, $10.40{\pm}2.04$, $12.04{\pm}3.08$, $10.20{\pm}3.16$ and $10.80{\pm}1.48$, respectively and total $CD_8{^+}$ cells(${\times}10^7$) of these groups were $2.32{\pm}0.56$, $2.54{\pm}0.27$, $3.12{\pm}0.80$, $2.25{\pm}0.70$ and $2.24{\pm}0.28$, in order. On the other hand, $CD_4{^+}/CD_8{^+}$ ratios in total cells were increased significantly except for 50ppm Cd-fed group($3.88{\pm}0.01$). And that of control was $3.97{\pm}0.02$, but those of 25, 100 and 200ppm were $4.35{\pm}0.01$, $4.54{\pm}0.03$ and $4.81{\pm}0.03$. 4. Phagocytosis rates of peritoneal macrophages were increased significantly in 25 and 50ppm Cd groups($36.34{\pm}9.45$ and $37.15{\pm}9.22$, respectively), but 100 and 200ppm groups showed similar rates($18.20{\pm}3.04$ and $19.48{\pm}3.22$ respectively) to that of control($21.43{\pm}3.62$). 5. In mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferation, various concentraions of $CdCl_2(10^{-4}-10^{-7}M)$ were added to mitogen-stimulated culture in vitro. Splenocyte proliferation induced by LPS was decreased dose dependently, but proliferation by Con-A was increased slightly in concentrations of $10^{-7}-10^{-6}M$. 6. Significant cytotoxicity of splenocytes with $CdCl_2$ were shown at $10^{-4}M$ treated group, especially at 24 hrs. From these results, it could be concluded that Cd might modulate the immune responses by modifying a distribution of T cell subpopulations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.675-679
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• 1994

Minerals, hydroxymethyfufural (HMF) and vitamins in native bee-honey (NBH) harvested from four different areas of Kangwon, korea were analyzed . Ash content of NBH varied from 0.26 to 0.50 % with the mean and standard deviation values of 0.32$\pm$ 0.17% and those of FBH varied from 0.15 to 0.58%(0.32$\pm$0.37) . Among analyzed minerals, the concentration of K,Ca, Mg, Fe and P except Na in NBH were found to be higher than those in FBH. The amounts of K and NA in NBH were 1200-3200ppm(2000 $\pm$770ppm) and 35-50ppm(38$\pm$6ppm), and those in FBH were 1100-3300ppm(1900$\pm$ 1700ppm) and 32-72ppm(49$\pm$17ppm), respectively. The mean value of Na to K ratio expressed as Na/Kx10$^3$ was 20$\pm$4 for the NBH and 41$\pm$25 for the FBH. HMF levels in NBH were 0.50$\pm$0.22mg% which was twice as much as those in FBH. Ascorbic acid and riboflavin in NBH were present at the range of 2.2-4.0mg% and 0.17-0.24mg% , respectively, of which were not significantly different from those obtained from the FBH.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.69-74
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate water quality and pollution in the mineral water located in Seoul area. 15 sites were pointed out by random sampling and tested monthly for 14 items from July to December in 1986. 1. 14 sites were suitable for the drinking water standards but 1 site was not suitable for its pH (5.4). 2. The range of mineral element and concentration were as follows: $$K\;(1.1\pm0.19\~2.38\pm0.45ppm)$$ $$Na\;(5.14\pm0.32\~11.2\pm0.58ppm)$$ $$Ca\;(4.36\pm0.53\~14.44\pm0.53ppm)$$ $$Mg(1.58\pm0.32\~6.34\pm0.77ppm)$$ 3. Among the heavy metals, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, were detected small amount but Pb was not detected in all sample. 4. Fluoride concentrations were the range of $0.13\pm0.03\~0.42\pm0.03ppm$.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1983

This study was carried out to investigate the variabilities of the thickness of egg shell and shell membrane of silky fowl egg from April 11, 1983 to May 14, 1983. One hundred and twenty eggs used in this experiment were obtained from a Synanmyun silky fowl farm, Sanchungkun, Gyeongnam province. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Total items investigated for the silky fowl egg; egg weight, egg shell weight, egg shell thickness of sharp end, middle part, and blunt end, egg shell membrane thickness of snarp end, middle part, and blunt end, breaking strength, length of egg(L), width of egg(W), and L/W, were measured as 36.58${\pm}$0.446g, 4.53${\pm}$0.079g, 0.32${\pm}$0.006mm 0.32${\pm}$0.047mm, 0.30${\pm}$0.056mm, 0.050${\pm}$0.001mm, 0.050${\pm}$0.001mm, 0.053${\pm}$0.001mm, 3.06${\pm}$0.101kg, 4.80${\pm}$0.024mm, 3.82${\pm}$0.010cm, and 1.26${\pm}$0.005, respectively. 2. Correlation coefficients among 66 combinations of 12 items were estimated. The correlation coefficients relating to egg weight, egg shell weight, egg shell thickness of sharp end, middle part, and blunt end breaking strength, length of egg (L), width of egg (W), and L/W were largely to be highly significant but those related egg shell membrane thickness of sharp end middle part, and blunt end were not significant, sometimes showing inverse correlation