• 제목/요약/키워드: PM10.PM2.5

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장기간 (1989 ~ 2012) 측정자료를 이용한 용인-수원지역에서의 PM10 및 PM2.5의 오염특성 분석 (질량농도 중심) (PM10 and PM2.5 Characterization based on Mass Concentration Long-term (1989 ~ 2012) Database in Yongin-Suwon Area)

  • 임효지;이태정;김동술
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.209-222
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    • 2015
  • Fine and coarse PM had been collected by LVCI (low volume cascade impactor) and HVAS (high volume air sampler) during January 1989 to April 2012 at Kyung Hee University, Global Campus located on the boarder of Yongin and Suwon. The database of PM mass concentration was constructed and then intensively and extensively investigated to understand monthly, seasonal, and annual patterns of each PM behavior. Especially the study separated all the PM data into the 5 Period Zones, which were classified on the basis of social, political, and environmental issues that might be influencing local ambient air quality during the monitoring period. The overall $PM_{10}$ level had been continuously decreased until 2005 and after then was staggering due to rapidly increasing $PM_{2.5}$ level in $PM_{10}$. The annual average of $PM_{2.5}$ concentration varied from $34.3{\mu}g/m^3$ to $59.0{\mu}g/m^3$, which were much higher than the 2015 ambient air quality standard. The $PM_{2.5}$ level was strongly associated with haze events, while both $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ levels were associated with Yellow storm events. Daily concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ were ranged $13.1{\sim}212.9{\mu}g/m^3$ in haze days and $33.6{\sim}124.6{\mu}g/m^3$ in Asian dust days. The study also intensively investigated annual and seasonal patterns of $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratios.

실내 외 농도 비(I/O ratio)에 기반한 주변환경과 실내 미세먼지 농도분포 특성: 선행연구 리뷰와 여름철 부산과 평택 초등학교에서의 측정 결과를 중심으로 (Indoor and Outdoor Levels of Particulate Matter with a Focus on I/O Ratio Observations: Based on Literature Review in Various Environments and Observations at Two Elementary Schools in Busan and Pyeongtaek, South Korea)

  • 강지원;안찬중;최원식
    • 대한원격탐사학회지
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    • 제36권6_3호
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    • pp.1691-1710
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구에서는 평택과 부산의 초등학교를 대상으로 학교 주변과 교실 내를 포함하여 총 16개 지점에서 PM2.5(particulate matter less than 2.5 ㎛ in diameter) 및 PM10(particulate matter less than 10 ㎛ in diameter)을 동시에 측정하였고, 이 결과를 여러 국외 선행연구 리뷰를 통해서 획득한 실내·외 PM2.5 및 PM10 측정 농도 및 I/O ratio(Indoor/Outdoor ratio)와 비교하였다. 선행연구는 총 30건의 연구에서 144건의 사례를 수집하여 이를 실내활동, 측정 계절, 건물용도, 주변환경에 대해 다양한 항목별로 분류하여 본 연구의 측정결과와 비교하였다. 선행연구 결과에서 PM2.5는 흡연활동이나 요리활동 등의 실내 연소작용이 없는 환경에서는 외기농도가 실내농도에 중요한 영향을 미치는 반면, PM10은 외기농도와 함께 물리적 활동에 따른 재 비산이 중요한 실내 배출원일 것으로 보인다. 평택과 부산의 초등학교에서의 측정결과도 선행연구 리뷰 결론을 뒷받침하는 양상을 보였고, 공기청정기 사용이 미세먼지 저감에 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. PM2.5와 PM10은 실내 배출원 및 외기와의 상호작용 영향이 다를 수 있으며 환기방식에서는 강제환기가 자연환기보다 PM2.5와 PM10의 실내농도 감소에 더 효율적일 수 있는 것으로 보인다.

Estimation of ambient PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Seoul, South Korea, using empirical models based on MODIS and Landsat 8 OLI imagery

  • Lee, Peter Sang-Hoon;Park, Jincheol;Seo, Jung-young
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2020
  • Particulate matter (PM) is regarded as a major threat to public health and safety in urban areas. Despite a variety of efforts to systemically monitor the distribution of PM, the limited amount of sampling sites may not provide sufficient coverage over the areas where the monitoring stations are not located in close proximity. This study examined the capacity of using remotely sensed data to estimate the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Seoul, South Korea. Multiple linear regression models were developed using the multispectral band data from the Moderate-resolution imaging spectro-radiometer equipped on Terra (MODIS) and Operational Land Imager equipped on Landsat 8 (Landsat 8) and meteorological parameters. Compared to MODIS-derived models (r2 = 0.25 for PM10, r2 = 0.30 for PM2.5), the Landsat 8-derived models showed improved model reliabilities (r2 = 0.17 to 0.57 for PM10, r2 = 0.47 to 0.71 for PM2.5). Landsat 8 model-derived PM concentration and ground-truth PM measurements were cross-validated to each other to examine the capability of the models for estimating the PM concentration. The modeled PM concentrations showed a stronger correlation to PM10 (r = 0.41 to 0.75) than to PM2.5 (r = 0.14 to 0.82). Overall, the results indicate that Landsat 8-derived models were more suitable in estimating the PM concentrations. Despite the day-to-day fluctuation in the model reliability, several models showed strong correspondences of the modeled PM concentrations to the PM measurements.

PM2.5, PM10, TSP의 시간대별 관측결과에 기초한 황사기간 중 분진의 분포특성에 대한 고찰: 서울시의 4대 관측점을 중심으로 한 2001년 봄철 황사 기간에 대한 사례연구 (Insights into the Factors Determining the Aerosol Distribution Characteristics of the Asian Dust on the Basis of the Concurrent Analysis of PM2.5, PM10, and TSP During the Spring Season of 2001)

  • 김기현;김민영;신재영;최규훈;강창희
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제18권5호
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    • pp.419-426
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    • 2002
  • The concentrations of three different fractions of particulate matters including PM2.5, PM10, and TSP were compared between the Asian Dust (AD) and non-AD (NAD) periods during the spring season of 2001. For the purpose of this comparative analysis, the data sets were obtained from four different observatory sites located within the city boundary of Seoul that concurrently measure those three fractions of PM at hourly intervals. According to our study, several conclusions can be drawn to describe relationships between the AD event and PM distribution characteristics. First of all, it is apparent that the concentrations of PM are distinctively distinguished between AD and NAD. If the extent of contribution to the AD events are assessed on the quantitative basis, it appears that their magnitude increases on the order of PM2.5, PM10, and TSP. As a result, the increase of PM observed during AD event is dominated by the coarse rather than fine fraction of PM. Moreover, when their relationships were assessed in terms of fractional ratios, it was found that TSP/PM10 ratios were almost constant, regardless of the occurrences of AD. On the other hand, the coarse/fine or TSP/PM2.5 ratios changed dramatically between AD and NAD periods. The results of our analysis cleary distinguishes quantitative role of each PM fraction between AD and NAD period, while suggesting indirectly the possible control of source processes on such relationships.

서울과 인천지역 PM10 과 PM2.5 중 2차생성 탄소성분 추정 (The Characteristics of Secondary Carbonaceous Species within PM10 and PM2.5 in Seoul and Incheon Area)

  • 박진수;김신도
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.131-140
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    • 2005
  • To investigate secondary carbonaceous species within PM$_{10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ in Seoul urban Metropolitan Area (SMA), Korea. atmospheric particulate matters samples were collected at two sites of SMA at UOS (The University Of Seoul station) sites and IHU (InHa University of Incheon station) during the period of 4 to 14 January and 12 to 22 May, 11 to 15 August 2004, and their characteristics were qualitatively discussed. during January and May and August of 2004. Daily average mass concentration 0.095 mg/㎥ in PM$_{10}$ and 0.053 mg/㎥ in PM$_{2.5}$ for mass respectively. were observed in SMA. The concentrations of carbonaceous species contributed 18.4% and 16.4% of PM$_{2.5}$ and PM$_{10}$ during the sampling period, respectively, of which OC accounted for 68% and 52% more of the total carbon (TC). OC and EC concentrations and their mass percentages were higher in PM$_{2.5}$ than in PM$_{10}$ which could be attributed to generation process. Organic aerosols would constitute up to 38% of PM$_{2.5}$ based on the evaluation of 1.6 for the ratio of OC to organic particulate. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) were estimated to be more than 13% and up to 68% of total OC based on the minimum OC/EC ratio of 1.06/1.11 using least square method. Comparisons of OC and EC with trace elements. As results of carbonaceous species analysis, the dominant factor in view of fine particle (PM$_{10}$/PM$_{2.5}$) is primary emission source such as mobile, fossil fuel combustion etc. during winter time in SMA. But in summer periods, remarkable fine particle increasing factor was secondary organic carbon dependent to photochemical reaction. reaction.n. reaction.

배양액 종류가 B6D2F1 마우스 배아발생능력에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Type of Culture Media on B6D2F1 Mice Oogenesis)

  • 유창석;박기상;서병부
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of type of culture media (BM, G2, OS, TCM, and MEM) on B6D2F1 mice oogenesis. In the present study, B6D2F1/CrljOri $F_1$ mice were utilized in order to maximize oogenesis. Also we used TCM-199, Dulbecco's medified Eagle's medium (DMEM), embryo culture medium (Fertilization medium, Cleavage medium, Blastocyst medium), G series medium and One step medium. In vitro maturation was highest in BM followed by the order of OS, MEM, TCM and G2 ($90{\pm}2.8%>88{\pm}3.2%>85{\pm}4.9%>78{\pm}10.2%>64{\pm}7.7%$, respectively). To note, the G2 group was statistically different compared to other groups (p<0.05). On the other hand the fertilization rate was highest in the G2 group followed by BM, OS, TCM, and MEM ($87{\pm}7.2%>85{\pm}6.9%>74{\pm}14.0%>71{\pm}13.8%>2{\pm}1.4%$, respectively). The MEM group was significantly lower compared to other groups (p<0.05). The developmental rate was highest in the OS group followed by the G2 group and the BM group albeit no statistical significance was noted ($73{\pm}11.6%>71{\pm}9.2%>66{\pm}10.4%$). Of note, all cells of the TCM and MEM groups were died during embryonic development. The zona hatched rate ($51{\pm}9.8%$ vs. $50{\pm}9.1%$ vs. $47{\pm}7.2%$ for BM, G2, and OS respectively) and attached rate ($45{\pm}12.3%$ vs. $38{\pm}16.1%$ vs. $37{\pm}11.5%$ for BM, G2, and OS respectively) were not different amongst groups. No difference was found in total cell numbers ($74{\pm}13.9$ vs. $64{\pm}9.2$ vs. $76{\pm}6.7$ for BM, G2, and OS respectively), ICM cell numbers ($20{\pm}1.9$ vs. $14{\pm}1.8$ vs. $15{\pm}2.1$), TE cell numbers ($55{\pm}12.5$ vs. $49{\pm}10.7$ vs. $61{\pm}5.9$), % ICM ($30{\pm}2.8%$ vs. $24{\pm}7.0%$ vs. $22.8{\pm}2.2%$) and ICM:TE ratio ($1:2{\pm}0.5$ vs. $1:3.1{\pm}0.8$ vs. $1:3.1{\pm}0.5$) amongst groups. In summary, these results can provide fundamental data to maximize culture condition for in vitro fertilization on B6D2F1 mice.

경북지역 장수노인의 저작능력과 건강상태 (The Relationship Between Chewing Ability and Health Status in the Long-lived Elderly of Kyungpook Area)

  • 이희경;이영권
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.200-207
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    • 1999
  • 본 연구는 구강보건측면에서의 장수를 위한 노인생활지침을 설정하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 85세 이상 노인들의 구강검진을 통하여 구강내 실태조사와 저작능력의 상태를 파악하고 구강상태에 따른 건강상태 및 신체계측치를 비교함으로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전체 97명 중 남자가 27.8%, 여자가 72.2%이었고, 평균연령은 $88.14{\pm}3.20$세 이었다. 조사대상자의 노인들이 53.6%가 건강하다고 하였다. 조사 대상자의 평균키는 $148.8{\pm}11.2cm$, 평균몸무게는 $46.9{\pm}10.5kg$, 평균BMI는 $21.2{\pm}3.5kg/m^2$, 평균체지방율은 $26.7{\pm}6.9%$, 평균제지방율은 $73.0{\pm}7.1%$, 평균체수분율은 $53.4{\pm}5.2%$로 나타났다. 2. 잔존치아수는 $3.50{\pm}5.71$개로 상악이 $1.08{\pm}2.88$개, 하악이 $2.41{\pm}3.76$개로 나타났고 최대 잔존치아 수는 22개이었고, 치아가 없는 노인이 전체의 76.3%나 되었다. 저작양상은 상,하 의치를 사용하는 노인이 전체의 52.6%, 자기치아만으로 저작(자연치 교합)하는 노인이 23.7%, 치아도 없으며 의치도 사용하지 않는 노인이 23.7%로 나타났다. 3. 저작양상에 따른 주관적 건강상태와 소화상태, 저작능력을 보면 의치 교합군에서 47.1%, 치아도 없이 의치도 사용 안하는 군에서는 56.5%, 자연치교합군에서는 65.2%가 건강하다고 했고, 소화상태도 의치군이 82.4%, 치아도 없이 의치도 사용 안하는 군이 65.2%, 자연치 교합군이 73.9%로 좋다고 했고, 저작능력도 의치군이 90.2%, 치아도 없이 의치도 사용 안하는 군이 60.9%, 자연치 교합군이 65.2%로 좋다고 하였다. 4. 저작영상에 따른 키, 몸무게, 체지방율, 제지방율, 총수분량을 비교하면 의치교협군에서 $150.0{\pm}10.7cm$, $49.0{\pm}10.9kg$, $26.9{\pm}6.6%$, $72.7{\pm}7.0%$, $53.2{\pm}5.1%$이며 치아도 없이 의치도 사용 안하는 군에서는 $142.7{\pm}6.0cm$, $43.2{\pm}5.5kg$, $29.5{\pm}7.2%$, $70.8{\pm}6.9%$, $51.8{\pm}5.0%$이고 자연치교합군에서는 $152.3{\pm}14.1cm$, $45.9{\pm}12.6kg$, $23.4{\pm}6.0%$, $75.9{\pm}6.9%$, $55.6{\pm}5.1%$로 나타났다. 저작양상 대한 신체계측치는 키, 체지방율, 제지방율, 총수분율에서 의치를 사용하는 군, 자연치교합군, 치아도 없이 의치도 사용 안하는 군의 순으로 유의하게 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

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애반딧불이(딱정벌레목: 반딧불이과)의 생육 특성 (Bionomical Characteristics of Luciola lateralis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in Mass Breeding)

  • 김하곤;권용정;서상재
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제18권12호
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    • pp.1728-1732
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    • 2008
  • 우리나라에서 서식하는 애반딧불이의 생육 특성을 조사한 결과, $23^{\circ}C$, R.H. 80%에서 사육에서 성충 수명은 암컷이 $17.5{\pm}0.7$일, 수컷이 $20.6{\pm}1.0$일으로 수컷이 다소 높았으나, 사육밀도별 유의차는 없었다. 성충 출현 후 최초 산란일은 1쌍 $2.8{\pm}1.5$일, 2쌍 $2.5{\pm}1.5$일, 3쌍 $1.7{\pm}0.7$일, 4쌍 $1.3{\pm}0.5$일로 사육 밀도가 증가함에 따라 산란전기가 짧아졌다. 산란수는 평균 $248.9{\pm}80.7$개를 산란하며, 사육밀도와는 유의성이 없었다. 일별 산란은 산란 시작 1일째가 20.8%, 2일째 17.3%, 3일째 14.3%, 4일째 12.7%, 5일째 7.0%의 순으로 산란 시작 1일째가 가장 높고 시간이 경과함에 따라 점차 낮아졌다. 난기간은 $21.8{\pm}0.7$일이고, 부화율은 $95.5{\pm}4.8%$이었다. 유충 령기 구분은 탈피각과 유충반문으로 조사한 바 9령으로 확인되었고 1령 $1.0{\pm}0.1$일, 2령 $3.3{\pm}0.2$일, 3령 $10.2{\pm}1.0$일, 4령 $6.8{\pm}0.5$일, 5령 $6.9{\pm}2.0$일, 6령 $15.4{\pm}4.1$일, 7령 $18.3{\pm}5.9$일, 8령 $25.8{\pm}8.7$일, 9령 $31.2{\pm}13.2$일이었다. 성숙한 9령 유충은 $2.8{\pm}0.8$일 동안 용실을 만들고, 전용기간과 용기간은 $4.6{\pm}0.9$일과 $5.6{\pm}0.7$일이었으며, 성충이 된 후 약 $3.8{\pm}0.4$일 동안 뒷날개를 굳힌 후 용실을 뚫고 탈출하였다

우리나라 지역별 초미세먼지(PM2.5) 농도 추이와 고농도 발생 현황 (Trends of the PM2.5 concentrations and high PM2.5 concentration cases by region in Korea)

  • 여민주;김용표
    • 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 2019
  • The public's concern on ambient $PM_{2.5}$ has been increasing in Korea. We have estimated (1) the annual and monthly mean $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations, (2) the frequency by the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration interval, and (3) the high concentration occurrence duration time between 2015 and 2018 at 16 administration regions. We found that there have been differences in all three above parameters' trends among the studied 16 regions in Korea. Still, Jeonbuk showed the highest rank in all three parameters' trends. In Jeonbuk, the average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration and the sum of the frequency fraction when the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration being over $75{\mu}g/m^3$ between 2016 and 2018 was $28.4{\mu}g/m^3$ and 9.0%, respectively. And the days when the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration is over $50{\mu}g/m^3$ between 2015 and 2018 were 149. Chungbuk was the only region with the increasing trend of $PM_{2.5}$ concentration between 2016 and 2018. And in Seoul and Gyeonggi, the average $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations decreased whereas the high concentration frequency fraction increased between 2016 and 2018. Also, it is found that there have been differences in the trends of the frequency by the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration interval and the high concentration occurrence duration time between $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$.

제주도와 덕적도에서 관측된 초미세입자(PM2.5) 농도와 MODIS 에어러솔 광학두께와의 관계 (Relationship between PM2.5 Mass Concentrations and MODIS Aerosol Optical Thickness at Dukjuk and Jeju Island)

  • 이권호;박승식
    • 대한원격탐사학회지
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.449-458
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구에서는 덕적도와 제주도에서 2005년 10월 15일부터 2007년 10월 24일 까지 9차례에 걸친 집중 관측기간 동안 포집된 PM2.5의 질량 농도 자료와 Moderate-resoultion Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 인공위성 관측자료로 분석된 대기 에어러솔 광학두께(AOT; Aerosol Optical Thickness) 자료로부터 지역 대기 중 미세 입자의 농도 변화 특성 및 대기질 감시를 위한 인공위성 자료의 활용 가능성을 분석하였다. 전체 관측 기간 중 PM2.5의 일 평균 농도는 덕적도에서는 $25.61{\pm}22.92{\mu}g/m^3$, 제주도에서는 $17.33{\pm}10.79{\mu}g/m^3$으로 변화가 크게 나타났으며, 황사가 발생한 2006년 4월 8일에는 덕적도와 제주도에서 각각 최대값 $188.89{\mu}g/m^3$$50.46{\mu}g/m^3$를 기록하였다. 또한 두 지역의 MODIS AOT 값은 $0.79{\pm}0.81$(덕적도), $0.42{\pm}0.24$(제주도)였으며, AOT의 최대값은 PM2.5와 마찬가지로 황사현상이 발생한 2007년 4월 8일에 3.73(덕적도), 1.14(제주도)로 나타났다. 그리고 지상에서 관측된 PM2.5 농도의 공간 분포 양상을 파악하기 위하여 MODIS AOT와 PM2.5의 상관관계 분석결과, 덕적도는 0.85, 고산은 0.06으로서 비교적 에어러솔의 영향을 많이 받는 덕적도가 고산보다 높은 상관계수 값을 나타내었다. 이러한 상관관계를 근거로 하여 도출된 1차 선형회귀 방정식으로부터 MODIS AOT값을 PM2.5로 환산한 결과는 인공위성 자료로부터 대기환경 감시를 가능케 하는 수단이 될 수 있어 유용할 것이다.