• 대한화학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.174-178
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• 1965

p-Phenylenediamine dihydrobromide 와 p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride는 isomorphous임을 밝혔다. p-Phenylenediamine dihydrobromide는 三斜軸晶系(三斜晶系)에 屬하며 cell dimension 은 $a=4.52{\pm}0.02,\;b=6.13{\pm}0.02,\;c=8.88{\pm}0.03{\AA},\;{\alpha}=111{\pm}1^{\circ},\;{\beta}=97{\pm}1^{\circ},\;{\gamma}=101{\pm}1^{\circ}$ 이며 單位細胞(單位格子)속에 들어있는 化學單位數는 1이다. 이 物質의 結晶構造가 3結晶軸에 따라 投影한 電子密度에 依하여 決定되었으며 二次元的인 Fourier synthesis에 依하여 精密化하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 1972

Benzidine dihydrochloride crystallizes in the triclinic system. The space group is $P_1$. The unit cell dimensions are; a = 4.38${\pm}$0.01, b = 5.76${\pm}$0.01, c = 12.82${\pm}$0.02${\AA}$, $\alpha$ = 101.5${\pm}$0.2, $\beta$ = 99.5${\pm}$0.2, $\gamma$ = 99.5${\pm}$0.2$^{\circ}$; with one molecule per unit cell. The crystal structure has been solved by two dimensional Patterson and by trial and error methods, and refined by means of two dimensional differential synthesis. The bond distances are C-C(*) = 1.40${\pm}$0.02, C-C = 1.52${\pm}$0.02, C-N = 1.51${\pm}$0.03 and N-H${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$Cl = 3.21${\pm}$0.03${\AA}$. The structure consists of hydrogen bonded molecular layers, extending to the (100) plane, and the hydrogen bonding scheme is similar to that of p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride. The adhesion between hydrogen bonded molecular layers is due to van der Waals forces.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.142-147
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• 1965

p-Phenylenediamine dihydrochloride의 結晶構造를 X-線 廻折法을 利用하여 解明하였다. 이結晶은 三斜晶係에 屬하며, 空間群은 $C_i1-P{\bar\1}$ 이고, 格子常數는 $a= 4.38{\pm}0.02, b=5.90{\pm}0.02, c=8.76{\pm}0.03{\AA}, {\alpha}=1101{\pm}1, {\beta}=96{\pm}1^{\circ}$이다. 그리고 單位格子속에는 들어있는 化學單位數,Z는 1이다. 各原子의 座標는 a, b 및 c軸에 따른 二次原的인 電子密度의 投影 및 ($F_o-F_c$) 合成에 依하여 얻었다. 이 結晶構造와 이미 硏究된 aliphatic diamine의 hydrogen halide 들의 構造와를 比較하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.547-553
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• 2016

선박용 디젤엔진 배기가스에 포함된 입자상물질(PM) 가운데서 블랙카본(BC)은 극지방의 해빙을 촉진시키고 온난화를 유발하는 원인물질로서 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 향후 예상되는 PM/BC 배출 규제에 선제적으로 대응하고, 저감기술 개발 및 실증을 위한 기초연구의 일환으로 한국해양대학교 실습선 한바다호를 이용하여 실제 운항 중에 주기관의 배기관 수 포인트에서 PM을 샘플링하여 HR-TEM을 통해 그 구조와 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 배기가스 분석기를 이용하여 운전조건별 배기가스 내 유해물질의 배출 경향을 확인하였다. 분석 결과 엔진에서 배출된 PM의 구조는 구형 입자들의 촘촘하지 않은 체인형 결합으로 이루어져 있으며, 과급기로부터 멀어질수록 온도 저하에 의한 응집이 더 많이 관찰되었고 BC 특유의 graphitic 구조를 잃어가면서 점점 amorphous 구조를 띠는 경향이 나타났다. 또한 배기가스 분석을 통해 엔진 회전수가 증가할수록 배기 내 PM의 농도는 감소할 것으로 예측되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.87-100
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• 1990

This study was designed to compare the craniofacial structure of orthodontic patients with that of normal adult. For that purpose, 61 male and 64 female adults with normal occlusion were selected and utilizing the cephalogram that had taken under the natural head position and computerized graphic image, the special position of each anatomical structure against true horizontal and vertical reference plane was investigated. The following results were obtained. 1. The absolute special positions of each anatomic structure were calculated. 2. The inclination of Sella-Nasion plane to true horizontal plane was $8.3^{\circ}{\pm}3.9$ in male and $9.3^{\circ}{\pm}3.2^{\circ}$ in female. 3. The inclination of Frankfort horizontal plane to true horizontal plane was $1.3^{\circ}{\pm}3.0^{\circ}$ in male and $1.7^{\circ}{\pm}3.0^{\circ}$ in female. 4. The dimensions of Nasion-sella and Nasion-Anterior nasal spine to be used as the basic units of mesh diagram were $70.7mm{\pm}3.1mm$, $61.8mm{\pm}2.7mm$ in male and $67.8mm{\pm}3.3mm$, $57.0mm{\pm}2.6mm$ in female respectively. 5. The standard templates of craniofacial structure of male and female adult normal group were constructed. 6. The mesh diagrams of craniofacial structure of male and female adult normal group were constructed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the virulence structure of oat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae, Bga) populations in Poland collected in 2014 and 2015. Powdery mildew isolates were collected from 18 locations in Poland. In total, nine lines and cultivars of oat, with different mildew resistance genes, were used to assess virulence of 180 isolates. The results showed that a significant proportion of the Bga isolates found in Poland were virulent to differentials with Pm1, Pm3, Pm6, and Pm3 + Pm8 genes. In contrast Pm4, Pm5, Pm2, and Pm7 genes were classified as resistant to all pathogen isolates used in the experiment. Based on obtained results we can state that there are differences in virulence pattern and diversity parameters between sites and years, but clear trends are not deducible.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.619-631
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• 2018

Functional data analysis continues to attract interest because advances in technology across many fields have increasingly permitted measurements to be made from continuous processes on a discretized scale. Particulate matter is among the most harmful air pollutants affecting public health and the environment, and levels of PM10 (particles less than 10 micrometers in diameter) for regions of California remain among the highest in the United States. The relatively high frequency of particulate matter sampling enables us to regard the data as functional data. In this work, we investigate the dominant modes of variation of PM10 using functional data analysis methodologies. Our analysis provides insight into the underlying data structure of PM10, and it captures the size and temporal variation of this underlying data structure. In addition, our study shows that certain aspects of size and temporal variation of the underlying PM10 structure are associated with changes in large-scale climate indices that quantify variations of sea surface temperature and atmospheric circulation patterns.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1261-1263
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• 2005

The micro permanent magnet(PM) type stewing motor preferred solution for many small electronics position determination devices since it is small in size. Thus, there are growing demands for PM type stepping motor that greater mechanical output, smaller size. But, the design of the it, having high performance and small size is very difficult because of its complex mechanical structure. This paper deals with a development of the newly structured micro PM type stepping motor with claw-poles. We introduced the small-sized PM type stepping motor that has new structure and analyzed the magnetic characteristic of it versus general type model using 3-D finite element analysis(FEA).

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.201-204
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• 1983

To study the calcification of second molars in Class I malocclusion with normal craniofacial structure, the author examined cephalograms, orthopantomograms, periapical films of 538 children from 7 y 0 m to 15y 11m old who had Class I malocclusion with normal craniofacial structure, and observed the calcification stage of upper and lower second molars. The results are as follows. 1. The mean ages of crown completion of upper and lower second molars are $8.82{\pm}1.14,\;8.72{\pm}0.75$ in boys, and $8.60{\pm}1.46,\;8.22{\pm}0.92$ in girls. 2. The mean ages of root completion of upper and lower second molars are $14.25{\pm}1.46,\;14.15{\pm}0.83$ in boys, and $14.12{\pm}0.93,\;14.15{\pm}0.83$ in girls. 3. There are no difference between the calcification stages of upper second molars and those of lower second molars in both sexes.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1975

피페리디노티오세미카르바지드의 결정구조가 X-선을 이용한 단결정 해석에 의하여 해명되었다. 공간군은 $P2_1/c$이며 단위세포는 4분자를 포함하고 있고, 단위세포는 4분자를 포함하고 있고, 세포상수는 $a=14.68{\pm}0.04,\;b=4.59{\pm}0.02,\;c=12.92{\pm}0.04{\AA},\;{\beta}=109.4{\pm}0.2^{\circ}$이다. 3차원적인 회절반점의 강도는 목측에 의하여 얻었다. 결정구조는 패터슨 함수의 해석으로 밝혔고, 원자좌표치는 최소자승법으로 정밀화하였으며 378개의 독립적인 회절반점에 대한 최종 R값은 0.14이었다. 수소결합에는 $N-H{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}S$ 형과 $N-H{\ldots}N$형의 두종류가 있다. $N-H{\ldots}S$형의 길이는 3.28 및 $3.39{\AA}$이고, $N-H{\ldots}N$형의 길이는 $3.03{\AA}$이다. 수소결합외의 분자들을 연결하는 힘은 van der Wasls힘이다.