• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2014

목적 본 연구의 목적은 산전 임부를 대상으로 태아애착, 태교실천, 피로 및 사회적 지지 정도를 확인하고 태아애착에의 영향 요인을 파악하는 데 있다. 방법 대상자는 월평균 분만 100건 이상의 여성전문병원에 산전관리를 위해 외래를 방문한 임부 중 임신합병증을 동반하지 않은 건강한 임부 211명이다. 일반적 특성에 따른 태아애착의 차이를 비교하였으며 태아 애착을 평가하기 위한 Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale, 태교실천은 Mun과 Choi (2002)의 도구, 피로를 측정하기 위해 Milligan 등(1997)이 개발한 Fatigue Symptom Checklist 및 Curry 등(1994)의 사회적지지 측정도구를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Stepwise multiple regression analysis를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과 임부의 태아애착 정도는 $93.74{\pm}13.69$점(점수범위 25-125점)이었으며 산과력, 모유수유 경험 및 태교 경험에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 초임부, 모유수유 경험이 없는 경우, 태교 경험이 있는 경우 태아애착 정도가 유의하게 더 높았다. 임부의 태아애착은 태교실천(r=.71, p < .001), 피로(r=.15, p =.032), 사회적 지지(r=.38, p <.001)와 정적 상관관계에 있었고 태교 실천 정도는 사회적 지지 정도와 유의한 정적 상관관계를 보였다(r=.40, p <.001). 임부의 태아애착에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 태교실천(${\beta}=.67$), 피로(${\beta}=.21$), 사회적 지지(${\beta}=.13$) 순으로 나타났으며 설명력은 55.2%였다. 결론 임부의 태아애착 증진을 위해 태교실천 및 태교실천 프로그램 효과를 입증하는 하나의 근거자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이며 임부의 피로를 단순히 임신증상으로 인식하는 수준에서 벗어나 이를 태교실천을 통해 중재하는 것이 필요할 것이다. 또한 사회적 지지를 통해 태교실천을 더욱 더 잘 실천함으로 태아애착이 증진될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

Purpose: Acute liver failure after massive partial hepatectomy is critical condition with high mortality. To prevent postoperative liver failure from being induced by a massive partial hepatectomy, many doctors do a minimal resection on the single lobe of the liver that might cause postoperative bleeding from the remaining ruptured parenchyma. The objective of this study was to assess clinical experience with postoperative hepatic arterial embolization to control bleeding from the remaining ruptured liver during the postoperative period. Methods: This retrospective 4-year study was conducted from May 2002 to April 2006 and included consecutive patients who had sustained massive hepatic injuries and who had undergone a laparotomy, followed by postoperative hepatic arterial angiographic embolization to control bleeding. Data on the injury characteristics, the operative treatment and embolization, and the amount of transfused packed red cells (PRBC) were gathered and analyzed. In addition, data on the overall complications and survival rate were collected and analyzed. Results: Every case showed severe liver injury, higher liver injury scaling grade IV. Only ten cases involved a ruptured bilateral liver lobe. A lobectomy was done in 6 cases, a left lobectomy was done in 3 cases, and a primary suture closure of the liver was done in 2 cases. Suture closure was also done on the remaining ruptured liver parenchyma in cases of lobectomies. The postoperative hepatic arterial embolizations were done by using the super-selection technique. There were some cases of arterio-venous malformations and anomalous vessel branches. The average amount of transfused PRBC during 24 hours after embolization was $2.36{\pm}1.75$, which statistically significantly lower than that before embolization. Among the 11 cases, 9 patients survived, and 2 died. There was no specific complications induced by the embolization. Conclusion: In cases of postoperative bleeding in severe hepatic injury, if there is still a large amount of bleeding, postoperative hepatic arterial embolization might be a good therapeutic option.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.73-86
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• 2009

Purpose : This study is a descriptive correlation study to offer the basic materials for developing the preventive program of continuously increasing AIDS in the young people by examining the knowledge and attitude of AIDS in college students. Methods : The period of data collection was from May 1 to 15, 2009, 300 freshman, sophomore and junior students who understood the purpose of the research and agreed to participate in the questionnaire were randomly sampled, structured questionnaire was distributed to them and their responses were collected. Instruments used for this study included those used by Kim and Lee and revised and complemented by this researcher to measure the knowledge of AIDS and those by Yun and Lee revised and complemented by the researcher to measure the attitude of AIDS. For data analysis, it measured technical statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS/PC 12.0. Results : The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The whole knowledge of AIDS the subjects had scored 58.9 and their average attitude scored $3.78(1{\pm}25)$. 2. In the degree of knowledge of AIDS depending on general characteristics and health-related characteristics of the subjects, it was found that the students at the department of emergency medical showed higher knowledge(t=3.638, p=.001) and positive attitude of AIDS(t=3.330, p=.001) compared to students at other majors. 3. In the degree of knowledge of AIDS depending on AIDS-related education, subjects who had experienced AIDS education(t=1.973, p=.050), those with the experience of theory education(F=4.057, p=.008), those who felt the necessity of AIDS education(t=4.588, p=.000), and those who were willing to take part in AIDS education(t=2.898, p=.004) showed higher know1edge of AIDS. In the attitude of AIDS, subjects with theory-oriented AIDS education(F=3.012, p=.032), those who felt the necessity of AIDS education(t=2.445, p=.015), and those who were willing to take part in AIDS education(t=2.379, p=.018) showed positive attitude of AIDS education. 4. As the knowledge of AIDS the subjects was higher(r=.329, p=.000), they showed more positive attitude of AIDS and it meant that there was positive correlations. Conclusion : Consequently, systematic, concrete and continuous education of AIDS suitable to the requirements of college students is needed to induce changes of their knowledge and attitude of AIDS and for this, AIDS education program which can be used properly by the developmental stages of college students who belong to late adolescence should be developed in the field of school and if possible, curriculum of sex education including AIDS education should be established in all departments of college.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1015-1018
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• 2012

Objective: To improve the diagnosis of primary gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) with/without hepatic metastases by analyzing our experience of different GBC treatment in our patients. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out to analyze the clinical data of the 139 patients with GBC who underwent hepatic resection in our unit from January 2003 to December 2007. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they demonstrated hepatic invasion. Tumor presentation, surgical modes, and prognosis of each patient were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were employed to compare the survival rates of those patients undergoing different surgical procedures. Results: Of the 139 patients, 46 were men and 93 were women with the male to female ratio of 1:2.0. Their ages were ranged from 35 to 86 years with a mean age of $62.8{\pm}10.4$ years. There were 73 patients complicated with hepatic invasion (group A), and no hepatic invasion occurred in the other 66 patients (group B). Compared with the group B, the patients with hepatic invasion suffered lower differentiation of tumor (p=0.000), more advanced Nevin staging (p=0.008) and poorer prognosis (p=0.013). Radical resection were more frequently performed in group B (75.76%) than in group A (45.20%) with better outcomes (p=0.000). Conclusion: GBC patients complicated with hepatic invasion had poorer prognosis than those without invasion in long-term follow-ups. Radical resection might result in a satisfied prognosis in patients without hepatic invasion, but appears less favorable than palliative resection in those who were complicated with hepatic invasion.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2000

Objectives : To propose the referential data to evaluate the health impacts of Vietnam veterans' children whose father were exposed to herbicides in Vietnam War. Methods : Vietnam veterans who visited to Pusan Veteran Hospital for medical care were recruited from April to October, 1998. They were 71 and asked about their own combat history, symptoms and illness, and health status of their 182 children. The informations were collected by direct and phone interview. Exposure estimation was also performed as exposure score depending on year and unit of participation, and personal episodes related to exposure to herbicide in the war. It classified into three groups; lower(<18.0), moderate(18-53), high$(\geq53)$ exposure group. Results : The mean age and the period into the combat of the veterans were 52.8 years and 15.0 months. The mean exposure score was $18.1{\pm}9.9$, and mainly distributed in lower (46.5%) and moderate(52.1%) exposure group. Most(90.1%) of them were diagnosed as sequelae(21 cases) and suspected sequelae(43 cases) of the herbicides by Korean veteran's hospital diagnostic criteria. The major sequelae was peripheral neuropathy 13 cases, chloracne 5 cases, and the major suspected sequelae was hypertension 20 cases, diabetes mellitus 18 cases, liver disease 12 cases, central neuropathy 11 cases, etc. About birth, 42.2% and 16.9% experienced spontaneous abortion and stillbirth, respectively. The mean exposure score was higher in stillbirth experience group(p<0.05). About half of the children(90 cases, 49.5%) hold the abnormal health status: those were skin pigmentation 38 cases, rash 23 cases, congenital anomaly 15 cases, general weakness 12 cases, purpura 8 cases, visual disturbance 8 cases, etc. These health problems had no association with father's exposure level(p>0.05). Conclusions : These results were depend on their own answers, and expectation for compensation did not excluded, therefore, this study may have limitations: inaccuracy of informations due to recall bias and response bias. Nevertheless, through this study, we could image the fundamental aspect for health impacts of Vietnam veterans' children for preparing the national control program and policy. A large scale epidemiologic study with valid exposure assessment on the health impacts of Vietnam veterans' children is recommneded.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2005

Menarche is a main indicator of sexual maturity which relates to a reproductive function. The onset of the menstrual cycle differs individually and is influenced by many variables such as socio-economic situation, race, genetics, climate, altitude, nutritional status, and physical growth. Among them physical growth has been known to be the most influencing factor, particularly when expressed as body fat designated by weight. This study intended to investigate the body composition of girls around the menarche period and to evaluate the minimal levels of weight and fat percentage needed for the onset of menarche. A total of 101 female subjects, aged 11 to 13 years, were recruited from the 5th and 6th grades of an elementary school, in Mokpo, Korea. The subjects were placed into one of two groups Pre-menarche and Post-menarche groups according to their experience with menarche. Thereafter, the subjects in the Post-group were placed into 4 subgroups based on the number of menstruations they experienced: Post-I (1-3 times), Post-II (4-6 times), Post-III (7-9 times), and Post-IV (> 10 times). The average age at the onset of menarche of the subjects in Post groups was $11.2 \pm 0.6$ years. There were significant differences in the data of anthropometry and body composition between the Pre and Post groups, although the mean ages of both Pre and Post groups were the same. Weight, waist, hip and thigh girths, fat percentage, and lean body mass of the Post groups were significantly higher than those of the Pre group. Height was not significantly different between the groups. Weight was highly correlated with body fat mass (r = 0.92. p < 0.001), fat percentage (r = 0.85, p < 0.001), and body mass index (r = 0.91, p < 0.001) These results indicate that weight, compared with height, reflects body composition well and influences the onset of the menstrual cycle. It could also be suggested that the minimal weight and fat percentage needed for the onset of menarche in Korean females are 41 kg and $17\%\;to\;19\%$, respectively.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2002

배 경 : 동물 모델을 이용하여 일정한 수준의 상기도 협착을 일으킬 수 있다면 이에 대한 임상교육에도 도움이 되며 새로운 진단법이나 치료법의 개발을 보다 쉽게 할 수 있을 것이다. 저자들은 한국산 잡견을 이용하여 Nd-YAG Laser 소작술로 기관 협착을 일정하게 유도하는데 성공하여, 이에 대해 기술하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 체중 22kg 정도의 한국산 잡견 6마리를 전신마취 시킨 후, Nd-YAG 레이저를 이용하여 4개의 기관 연골환의 전방부 180도를 $8946{\pm}2484$ Joule로 소작 하였다. 실험 동물은 매 1주마다 4주 동안 기관지내시경으로 기관 협착 정도를 관찰하였고, 병리학적 검사를 같이 시행하였다. 결 과 : 시판 협착은 레이저 소작 2주 후부터 시작되어 3주후까지 빠른 속도로 진행되었으며, 소작 4주 후에 가장 심한 양상을 보였다, 모든 실험 동물은 제 3주가 지나 심한 호흡곤란과 천명음, 식욕부진 및 체중 감소를 보였고, 이중 2마리는 호흡부전으로 4주가 되기 전에 사망하였다. 병리 육안소견상 소작 부위의 기관 연골이 소설되고 섬유조직으로 치환되어 외경도 감소되어 있었고, 현미경 소견에서 연골이 소실되고 섬유화 조직이 협착을 일으켜 내경이 감소된 모습을 확인 할 수 있었다. 결 론 : 이러한 기도 협착 동물 모델은 향후 기도 협착의 이해, 교육, 새로운 진단 및 치료법의 개발에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 유방질환 발생여부에 따른 생활습관과 천연 에스트로겐이 함유된 건강기능 식품 섭취실태 차이를 확인하여 유방질환 발생 위험요인을 파악하기 위함이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 20세 이상 60세사이의 J시 소재 M여성 전문병원에 건강검진을 위한 내원한 여성 중 유방질환이 있는 군을 질환군 85명, 대조군 93명 등 총 178명을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구결과 인공 유산경험이 있는 경우가 유방질환 진단을 받을 가능성이 3.04배, 백미 섭취군이 유방질환 진단을 받을 가능성이 4.76배, 스트레스 해소방법의 취미생활은 하지 않는 경우가 유방질환 질환 군으로 분류될 가능성이 2.38배 증가하였다. 본 연구결과 인공 유산경험이 있고, 백미를 즐겨 먹으며, 취미생활을 하지 않는 대상자는 유방질환을 진단 받을 가능성이 증가하였다. 이와 같은 특성을 반영한 일반인을 위한 유방질환 예방홍보와 교육 프로그램이 필요할 것이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권4호
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• pp.348-356
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• 2019

Background: Recently, the number of lung transplants in South Korea has increased. However, the long-term outcome data is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes of adult lung transplantation recipients. Methods: Among the patients that underwent lung transplantation at a tertiary referral center in South Korea between 2008 and 2017, adults patient who underwent deceased-donor lung transplantation with available follow-up data were enrolled. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Through eligibility screening, we identified 60 adult patients that underwent lung (n=51) or heart-lung transplantation (n=9) during the observation period. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (46.7%, 28/60) was the most frequent cause of lung transplantation. For all the 60 patients, the median follow-up duration for post-transplantation was 2.6 years (range, 0.01-7.6). During the post-transplantation follow-up period, 19 patients (31.7%) died at a median duration of 194 days. The survival rates were 75.5%, 67.6%, and 61.8% at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years, respectively. Out of the 60 patients, 8 (13.3%) were diagnosed with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), after a mean duration of $3.3{\pm}2.8years$ post-transplantation. The CLAD development rate was 0%, 17.7%, and 25.8% at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years, respectively. The most common newly developed post-transplantation comorbidity was the chronic kidney disease (CKD; 54.0%), followed by diabetes mellitus (25.9%). Conclusion: Among the adult lung transplantation recipients at a South Korea tertiary referral center, the long-term survival rates were favorable. The proportion of patients who developed CLAD was not substantial. CKD was the most common post-transplantation comorbidity.

• 대한신경집중치료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2018

Background: At most centers, general anesthesia (GA) has been preferred for endovascular treatment (EVT) of ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIAs). In this study, we analyzed procedural results, clinical outcomes, and follow-up angiographic findings for patients undergoing EVT for RIA under local anesthesia (LA) with conscious sedation (CS). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 308 consecutive patients who underwent EVT for RIAs at a single institution between June 2009 and February 2017. EVT under LA with CS was considered for all patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, regardless of Hunt and Hess (HH) scale score. Results: EVT was performed for 320 aneurysms in 308 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhages. The mean patient age was $55.5{\pm}12.6$ years. Moderate (III) and poor (IV, V) HH grades were observed in 75 (24.4%) and 77 patients (25%), respectively. Complete occlusion immediately after EVT was achieved for 270 (84.4%) of 320 aneurysms. Thromboembolic complications and intraprocedural ruptures occurred in 25 (7.8%) and 14 cases (4.3%), respectively. The morbidity rate at discharge (as defined by a modified Rankin scale score of 3 or greater) was 27.3% (84/308), while the mortality rate was 11.7% (36/308). Follow-up angiographic results were available for 210 (68.1%) of 308 patients. Recanalization was observed in 64 (29.3%) of 218 aneurysms in 210 patients. Conclusion: Based on our experience, EVT for RIAs under LA with CS was feasible, regardless of the clinical grade of the subarachnoid hemorrhage. Complication rates and follow-up angiographic results were also comparable to those observed when GA was used to perform the procedure.