• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 2008

Coated filters were developed to replace the glass impinger methods that use reagent solutions. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously measure nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) and respirable suspended particles (RSP) by a filtration method with a cyclone connected to a pump. A first pre-filter for RSP and second filter for $NO_2$, which was soaked in a TEA (Triethanolamine) solution, were loaded into a filter cassette with a pump flow rate of 1.7 l/m. After sampling, the TEA soaked filter was removed from the cassette, placed in a large test tube (10 ml), mixed, and allowed time to develop. The absorbance (abs) of the diazo compound of the $NO_2$ and N-(1-Napthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride) in the color reagent was measured at 545 nm on a spectrophotometer. The collection efficiency(%) of $NO_2$ by each 3 filter soaked in TEA solution and used in the cyclone with a pump flow rate 1.7 l/m was $89{\pm}3%$ and the correlation coefficient between the true $NO_2$ concentration and that determined by the TEA soaked filters was 0.993(p<0.001).

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.617-627
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate fatigue and its related factors in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Method: The subjects of this study consisted of 98 patients receiving radiotherapy. Subjects were recruited from C University Hospital radiation oncology unit located in Gwangju from March to May, 2001. Questionnaire and medical records were used for data collection. The obtained data was analyzed using SAS program that included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Post-hoc test(Fisher's LSD) and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Result: The fatigue perceived by the subjects was middle level ($5.59{\pm}1.59$) and 72.4% of them reported greater than 5 points. The subjects in no religion, low income, and spouse caregiver groups experienced the higher fatigue than another groups, respectively. The subjects in nasopharyngeal cancer, head & neck radiation site, and analgesics medication groups did, experience fatigue as well. The fatigue not only positively correlated with symptom distress, disruption of usual activity, sleep dissatisfaction, and mood state, but also negatively with less family support. Conclusion: Cancer patients receiving radiotherapy experience the middle level of fatigue and it correlates with the multi-dimensional factors. However, further research is needed to identify the changes in fatigue over the radiotherapy period through longitudinal design and to develop nursing intervention for fatigue decrease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7935-7940
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• 2014

This research was planned to reveal society's attitude towards cancer and early diagnosis using the health belief model. This study was planned as descriptive research in Isparta. A random sample of n=256 individuals of both genders was recruited at the largest shopping center. As a means of collection tool, a survey consisted of two forms, the first designed for sociodemographic information and the second covering 29 questions suitable for the content of Health Belief Model. Of the participants, 66.8% were female and 33.2% were male, and the average age was $33.3{\pm}11.0$ years. Some 46.1% partly thought that they may develop cancer, and 49.6% were afraid of this possibility. As many as 50% indicated that cancer is an issue that comes from Allah. A significant difference was found between not going for control unless feeling bad, and blood analysis for cancer screening (${\chi}^2=3.780$ p= 0.03). It was seen that in an area with a high rate of cancer, people's awareness of cancer prevention and early diagnosis and attitudes towards these are insufficient.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 2017

This study seeks to identify factors influencing the gender equality consciousness of university students and provide data to increase gender equality consciousness for university students based on the results. The subjects of university students in D and G city at the time, data collection was from April 1, 2016 to April 14, 189 questionnaires were used in the final analysis. The collected data using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program percentages, means and standard deviations, t-test, ANOVA, post verification was analyzed by scheffe's test, correlation between variables affect the Pearson's correlation coefficient, gender equality consciousness used a multiple regression analysis. In results of the study, gender equality consciousness appeared as $3.23{\pm}0.48$ points. Gender equality consciousness were a negative correlation with gender role stereotypes(r=-.711, p<.001) and a positive correlation with self-esteem correlation(r=.186, p=.011) and showed a negative correlation with control (r=-383, p<.001). Factors affecting gender equality in research subjects appeared to be gender role stereotypes and control, explanatory power was found to be 50.1%. Through this research requires the fellow study to determine the various factors affecting the gender equality consciousness of university students, it is necessary to improve the gender equality consciousness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.457-465
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to apply Ajzen's theory of planned behavior to identify factors that affect undergraduate women's decisions to receive human papillomavirus(HPV) vaccination. Method: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design using convenience sampling. Data collection was done using self-report questionnaires with 254 undergraduate students in G city. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression with the SPSS Win 20.0 Program. Results: The mean score of intention to receive HPV vaccine was $3.88{\pm}1.05$ out of a possible 7. Intention to receive HPV vaccine showed a significantly positive correlation with attitudes (r=.26, p<.001), subjective norm (r=.51, p<.001), perceived behavior control (r=.41, p<.001) to receive HPV vaccination. In the multiple regression analysis, subjective norm and perceived behavior control to receive HPV vaccine were significant predictors and explained 33.7% of intention to receive HPV vaccine. Conclusion: Results of this study show that there are significant factors affecting the intention of undergraduate women to receive HPV vaccination. Also, strategies emphasizing subjective norm and perceived behavior control in obtaining HPV vaccination should be taken into account in developing educational programs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 1994

Forty cross bred ($168\;{\pm}\;28\;kg$) bull calves were offered either untreated (US) or urea ammonia treated (TS) rice straw at five levels of feeding, namely; 60, 80, 100, 120 140% of ad libitum. Ad libitum level for each animal was estimated over a period of one month, which was followed by a preliminary period of 21 days and a collection period of 15 days. The maximum organic matter intake (OMI-kg/100 kg BW) were 2.08 and 3.35 for US and TS, respectively and urea treatment increased the maximum OMI by 61% than for US. In order to reach maximum intake the amount feed refusal should be 25% for US, but with TS maximum intake was not reached even when the amount of feed refused was 39% of that consumed. The OMD of US significantly decreased with increase in OMI, whereas with TS the decrease was not significant. The inability of animals to select between stems and leaves particularly in TS might be one of the reasons for its constant digestibility. Considering the substantial increases in intake and the negative effect on digestibility of US, further trials are warranted, as well as studies to determine the practical implications.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.795-798
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• 2012

Objective: This descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted to examine the effect of levels of self-efficacy on children's perceptions of pros and cons of smoking. Methodology: The sample was 233 fifth-grade students. Data were collected in September 2010 using the Socio-Demographic Data Collection Form, Self Efficacy Scale Child Form and Child Decision Balance Scale and analyzed via percentage calculations and t test with the SPSS 11.00 statistical package program. Results: Average age of the students participating in the research was $11.1{\pm}0.41$, 49.8 % (n: 116) being female and 50.2 % (n:117) male. The difference between the score averages of the pros of smoking perceptions of children with a high self-efficacy level and of those with a low self efficacy level (t=2.117, p=.042) and the difference between the score averages of the cons of smoking perceptions of children with a high self-efficacy level and of those with a low self-efficacy level (t=2.206, p=.035) were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: Children's positive perceptions of smoking were low and negative perceptions high when their self efficacy levels were high. Conversely, children's positive perceptions of smoking were high when their self efficacy levels were low.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare health status and diery health practice of middle-aged rural adults with or without hypertension. Eighty three subjects (mean age : 55.6$\pm$11.9), were composed of 22 males and 61 females. Data collection includes serum and urine collections for health status and the questionnaire including dietary habit of salt, sugar, dietary fiber and fat intake for dietary health practice The results were as follows : The subjects were composed 23 persons of under 55 year-old group and 19 persons of over 65 year-old group. Of the 83 subjects, 28.9% were recognized hypertension and 33.7% were measured hypertension by systolic blood pressure. In the aspects of dietary health practice, hypertension group showed that smoking and weight control practice and were significantly low score, alcohol and dietary fiber intake were high score. Hypertension group showed higher frequency in diabetes mellitus and lower in gastrointestinal complain and liver disease. than normal blood pressure group. Serum, TG, bilirubin, BUN and cholesterol, were significantly higher in hypertension than normal blood pressure group. The mean values of serum albumin and urinary creatinine excretion in hypertension group werw significantly lower. The consciousness of health status was lower in hypertension group and also attributed to worse personal feeling health by modified CMI test.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.264-271
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship of life satisfaction, family support, physical health and demographic characteristics to perceived health, and to identify factors affecting perceived health of elderly participating in programs in welfare centers for senior citizens. Method: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design using a convenience sampling. Data collection was done using self-questionnaire with 211 elders from 2 welfare centers for senior citizens located in Seoul. ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and hierachical multiple regression with the SPSS Win 12.0 Program were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean score for degree of perceived health was 3.27$\pm$0.91. Perceived health had a significant positive correlation with life satisfaction (r= .362, p< .001), family support (r= .403, p< .001), physical health (r= .424, p< .001). The explained variance for perceived health was 37.9%. Among the variables, physical health ($\beta$= .175, p= .014), life satisfaction ($\beta$= .208, p= .002), and family support ($\beta$= .277, p< .001) significantly predicted the degree of perceived health. Conclusion: Findings of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of perceived health and related factors for elders in Korea. However, further study with a larger random sample from various living environment is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.2421-2429
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• 2018

Thiol-based self-assembled anchor linked to glucose oxidase (GOx) and gold nanoparticle (GNP) cluster is suggested to enhance the performance of glucose biosensor. By the adoption of thiol-based anchors, the activity of biocatalyst consisting of GOx, GNP, polyethyleneimine (PEI) and carbon nanotube (CNT) is improved because they play a crucial role in preventing the leaching out of GOx. They also promote electron collection and transfer, and this is due to a strong hydrophobic interaction between the active site of GOx and the aromatic ring of anchor, while the effect is optimized with the use of thiophenol anchor due to its simple configuration. Based on that, it is quantified that by the adoption of thiophenol as anchor, the current density of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) redox reaction increases about 42%, electron transfer rate constant ($k_s$) is $9.1{\pm}0.1s^{-1}$ and the value is 26% higher than that of catalyst that does not use the anchor structure.