• Title/Summary/Keyword: PLANTED TREE

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Soil Physicochemical Properties of Tree Plantations in a Fire-disturbed Forest and an Undisturbed Stand in Ulsan Metropolitan City (울산광역시 산불피해지의 조림지와 미피해지의 토양 이화학적 특성)

  • Kim, Choonsig;Jo, Chang-Gyu;Baek, Gyeongwon;Park, Seong-Wan;Cho, Hyun-Seo;Ma, Ho-Seop
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.105 no.2
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    • pp.167-176
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    • 2016
  • This study was carried out to compare soil physicochemical properties and nutrient concentrations of tree leaf between planted forests following forest fire and an undisturbed forest in the Bongdaesan mountain, where is located in the Ulsan metropolitan city. We established three deciduous tree planting (Liriodendron tulipifera L., Prunus yedoensis Matsum and Quercus acutissima Carruth.) plots, one unplanted plot following four-year forest fire and one undisturbed plot (Pinus densiflora S et. Z). Carbon (C) stocks in the organic horizon were significantly lower in the tree planted plots ($2394-3551kg{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) or the unplanted plots ($3689kg{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) than in the undisturbed plot ($9388kg{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$). However, phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) stocks in the organic horizon were not significantly different among the treatments. Soil water phase and soil pH were significantly higher in the P. yedoensis plot (water phase: 13.7-18.4%; soil pH: 4.62- 4.80) than in the undisturbed plots (water phase: 7.0%; soil pH: 4.10). Soil organic C concentration was slightly higher in the tree planted plots (1.89-3.60%) than in the unplanted (1.41%) plots. Soil Ca and Mg stocks at 10 cm of soil depth were significantly higher in the P. yedoensis and L. tulipifera plots than in the unplanted or undisturbed plots. Nutrient concentrations (Ca and Mg) of leaf were significantly higher in the L. tulipifera than in the Q. acutissima and the undisturbed pine plots. The results indicate that P, Ca, and Mg stocks in the organic horizon was not affected by tree planting, but Ca and Mg stocks at 10 cm of the soil depth were enhanced by the tree species established following four-year forest fire.

Carbon Reduction by and Quantitative Models for Landscape Tree Species in Southern Region - For Camellia japonica, Lagerstroemia indica, and Quercus myrsinaefolia - (남부지방 조경수종의 탄소저감과 계량모델 - 동백나무, 배롱나무 및 가시나무를 대상으로 -)

  • Jo, Hyun-Kil;Kil, Sung-Ho;Park, Hye-Mi;Kim, Jin-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 2019
  • This study quantified, through a direct harvesting method, storage and annual uptake of carbon from open-grown trees for three landscape tree species frequently planted in the southern region of Korea, and developed quantitative models to easily estimate the carbon reduction by tree growth for each species. The tree species for the study included Camellia japonica, Lagerstroemia indica, and Quercus myrsinaefolia, for which no information on carbon storage and uptake was available. Ten tree individuals for each species (a total of 30 individuals) were sampled considering various stem diameter sizes at given intervals. The study measured biomass for each part of the sample trees to quantify the total carbon storage per tree. Annual carbon uptake per tree was computed by analyzing the radial growth rates of the stem samples at breast height or ground level. Quantitative models were developed using stem diameter as an independent variable to easily calculate storage and annual uptake of carbon per tree for study species. All the quantitative models showed high fitness with $r^2$ values of 0.94-0.98. The storage and annual uptake of carbon from a Q. myrsinaefolia tree with dbh of 10 cm were 24.0 kg and 4.5 kg/yr, respectively. A C. japonica tree and L. indica tree with dg of 10 cm stored 11.2 kg and 8.1 kg of carbon and annually sequestered 2.6 kg and 1.2 kg, respectively. The above-mentioned carbon storage equaled the amount of carbon emitted from the gasoline consumption of about 42 L for Q. myrsinaefolia, 20 L for C. japonica, and 14 L for L. indica. A tree with the diameter size of 10 cm annually offset carbon emissions from gasoline use of approximately 8 L for Q. myrsinaefolia, 5 L for C. japonica, and 2 L for L. indica. The study pioneers in quantifying biomass and carbon reduction for the landscape tree species in the southern region despite difficulties in direct cutting and root digging of the planted trees.

Property Changes of Vertical Soil Layers Planted with Zelkova serrata(Thunberg) Makino on the Reclaimed Land from the Sea in the Gwangyang Bay, Korea (광양만 임해 매립지 느티나무 식재지 토양의 수직적 특성 변화)

  • Kim Do-Gyun;Kim Yong-Shik
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.33 no.2 s.109
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    • pp.60-70
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    • 2005
  • This study was carried out to elucidate the vertical characteristics of soil properties at six planted sites of land reclaimed from the sea, in Gwangyang Bay, Jeollanam-do Province, Korea. Based on the types of planting site, the chemical properties of the vertical soil layers varied. The vertical variation was great in the planting sites $Z_1\;and\;Z_2$, but less varied in the mounded planting sites $Z_3,\;Z_5,\;and\;Z_6$. Major reasons for the vertical variation in soil chemical properties included differences in the accumulation of organic matter, soil disturbance by heavy construction equipment, and heterogeneity of soil properties between soil horizons. As soil depths increased, soil salts varied. The electrical conductivity (ECe) increased in the lower areas of planting sites $Z_1\;and\;Z_2$, and the disturbed, saline planting site $Z_3$, but decreased in the lower areas of $Z_3,\;Z_5,\;and\;Z_6$. These tendencies did not coincided with exchange cation concentrations $(Na^+,\;K^+,\;Mg^{++},\;Ca^{++})$. Both total carbon (T-C) and total nitrogen (T-N) accumulated more in the lower areas of planting sites than in the higher areas, and levels were higher closer to the surface than in the soil depths. It is supposed that these tendencies are related to the accumulation of fallen leaves or other organic matter at the soil surface, and the soil chemicals then slowly move downward from the surface. Impediments to tree growth included soil hardiness, high soil salinity and exchangeable cation concentration, low soil moisture content, acidic or alkaline soil, low organic matter, heterogeneity of soil texture and establishment of soil stratification.

Emission of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds from Trees along Streets and in Urban Parks in Tokyo, Japan

  • Matsunaga, Sou N.;Shimada, Kojiro;Masuda, Tatsuhiko;Hoshi, Junya;Sato, Sumito;Nagashima, Hiroki;Ueno, Hiroyuki
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.29-32
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    • 2017
  • Ozone concentration in Tokyo Metropolitan area is one of the most serious issues of the local air quality. Tropospheric ozone is formed by radical reaction including volatile organic compound (VOC) and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$). Reduction of the emission of reactive VOC is a key to reducing ozone concentrations. VOC is emitted from anthropogenic sources and also from vegetation (biogenic VOC or BVOC). BVOC also forms ozone through $NO_x$ and radical reactions. Especially, in urban area, the BVOC is emitted into the atmosphere with high $NO_x$ concentration. Therefore, trees bordering streets and green spaces in urban area may contribute to tropospheric ozone. On the other hand, not all trees emit BVOC which will produce ozone locally. In this study, BVOC emissions have been investigated (terpenoids: isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes) for 29 tree species. Eleven in the 29 species were tree species that did not emit BVOCs. Three in 12 cultivars for future planting (25 %) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOCs. Eight in 17 commonly planted trees (47%) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOC. Lower-emitting species have many advantages for urban planting. Therefore, further investigation is required to find the species which do not emit terpenoid BVOC. Emission of reactive BVOC should be added into guideline for the urban planting to prevent the creation of sources of ozone. It is desirable that species with no reactive BVOC emission are planted along urban streets and green areas in urban areas, such as Tokyo.

The Analysis of Pollination Potential Environment for Apis mellifera in Seoul Using Maxent Modeling Approach (Maxent 모델을 이용한 양봉꿀벌의 서울시 수분 잠재환경 분석)

  • Kim, Yoon-Ho;Cho, Yong-Hyeon;Bae, Yang-Seop;Kim, Da-Yoon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.85-96
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    • 2020
  • The honeybee serves for most entomophilous flowers. They are a core species for maintaining the ecological system. Though the urban ecological system needs bees' mediation of pollination as well, we have little understanding on how the honeybee reacts to the physical environments of an urban city. This study is a basic research to enhance the potential environment for pollination in an urban area and aims to review the urban environmental variables which are highly linked to the pollination mediations by the honeybee. The study composed a Maxent model by adopting nine urban environmental variables and the locations of the Apis mellifera's appearances around 52 spots in Seoul. The variables reflect the ecology of the Apis mellifera. Of the urban environmental variables used for the model composition, six variables were found as not having meaningful correlations with the Apis mellifera's appearances and finally, building coverage, actual vegetation and land cover were selected as the appearance variables of the Apis mellifera. The AUC, the reliability indicator of the final model was 0.791 (sd=0.077). And the importance data of the variables used for the model were 55.6%, 27.9%, and 16.5% for building coverage, actual vegetation and land cover, respectively. The result of the study showed that the building coverage has the highest correlation with the appearance of the honeybee. And, as per the actual vegetation, the artificially tree planted area as well as the cultivated field and meadow in an urban area were functioning as the most important environmental conditions for the honeybee to be inhabitable. The study is expected to be utilized as the base material for the urban planning and park green area planning to enhance the potential environment for pollination in an urban area.

Studies on Variability of Wood Properties in Stem of Pinus koraiensis (II) - Differences in Tracheid Length, Microfibril Angle, and Compression Strength in South and North Sides of Stem -

  • Kim, Byung-Ro;Mishiro, Akiyoshi
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.45-50
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    • 1998
  • Tracheid length, microfibril angle, and compression strength were examined in south and north sides of Pinus koraiensis. The sample tree was 57 years old and had been planted in central Korea. Tracheid length on the south side of the tree ranged from 2.87 to 3.40mm and on the north ranged from 3.60 to 3.53mm and mean values were 3.15 mm for the south and 3.26mm for the north. Tracheid length was 0.11 mm longer on the north side than on the south. Microfibril angle on the south side ranged from $12.6^{\circ}$ to $20.3^{\circ}$ and that on the north from $6.8^{\circ}$ to $13.5^{\circ}$; mean values were $16.6^{\circ}$ on the south side and $9.6^{\circ}$ on the north. Microfibril angle was $7.0^{\circ}$ greater on the south side than on the north side. For compression strength on the south and north sides, significant difference at the 95% level was found only at l.3m above the ground level of the sample tree; for compression limit stress, significant difference at this level was found at 1.3 and 5.3m above the ground level. However, compression strength and compression limit stress were greater on the north side than on the south side.

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A Study on the Evaluation of Woody Tree Vitality of Artificial Ground: Case Study of Seoullo 7017

  • Park, Seong-uk;Hong, Youn-Soon
    • Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.85-94
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    • 2021
  • Background and objective: This study examined, compared, and analyzed the tree vitality of the trees growing on the artificial ground of Seoullo 7017 that transformed the overpass that was to be demolished into a "sky garden" using portable tree pots. Methods: Based on the summer season when the metabolic activity of plants is most active, this study measured the cambial electrical resistance in four directions(east, west, south and north), using the Shigometer (model OZ-93, Osmose) and compared the location and analysis of pots according to their means and standard errors. Results: Meanwhile, according to the analysis, vitality was relatively superior in pots with a big diameter, trees planted individually than in groups, trees of the ramp section rather than the bridge section, and in the southwest direction of the cambium. Conclusion: This study revealed the improper condition of the planting plan and implementation on the site, where various species of trees are displayed in a poor environment. Despite the significant assessment of the vitality of various trees introduced within Seoullo 7017 for the first time, this study is limited in that the data used were measured only once in summer. In this regard, it raised the need for continuous interest in and monitoring of a special plant environment and development of proper maintenance and management techniques, along with follow-up research on seasonal and temperature conditions, soil moisture and root development conditions to supplement this research.

The Change of the Structure of Green Space by the Change of the Floor Area Ratio in Apartment Complex (용적률 변화에 따른 공동주택 단지내 녹지구조 변화특성)

  • 김정호;이경재;김정호
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.42-52
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study was to propose the change of green area and green structure according to the change of the Floor Area Ratio(FAR) of apartment complex. The survey site was selected two each of apartment complex after due consider three type that is, the FAR below 100%, the FAR below 250% and the FAR over 250%. Green rate is 40.23~44.23%, green width is 3~15m, green volume is 1.06~1.71㎥/$m^2$, planting density of cannopy layer is 0.04~0.06tree/$m^2$, planting density of understory layer is 0.06~0.20tree/$m^2$ in case of Hwagok 2nd Jugong apartment(FAR 99%) and Gaepo Jugong apartment(FAR 73%) constructed in the 1970~1980. Green rate is 24.16~26.16%, green width is 3~7m, green volume is 0.84~1.54㎥/$m^2$, planting density of cannopy layer is 0.18~0.31tree/$m^2$, planting density of understory layer is 0.15~0.35tree/$m^2$ in case of Deungchon Jugong aparment(FAR 226%) and Gaehwa apartment(FAR240%) construsted in the mid-1990's. Green rate is 23.47~25.53%, green width is 2~6m, green volume is 1.06~2.12㎥/$m^2$, planting density of cannopy layer is 0.25tree/$m^2$, planting density of understory layer is 0.22~0.37tree/$m^2$ in case of Hanbo Guam apartment(FAR 269%) and Donga 3rd apartment(FAR 376%) constructed in the last-1990's. As the results of analysis of green structure according to changes of the Floor Area Ratio(FAR), the greater the FAR, the higher the rate of green area. The green volume and planted density is low without the change of the FAR and planted structure was simple-layer structure composed of alien woody species.

Physiological Characteristics of Zelkova serrata Street Trees in Goyang and Paju, South Korea

  • Songhee Lee;Sora Lee;Seonghun Lee;Wonwoo Cho;Su Young Woo;Hoduck Kang;Tae Kyung Yoon
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.40-48
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    • 2023
  • Street trees have been incorporated into urban forests to regulate the microclimate and provide shade as well as provide aesthetic and environmental functions and to evaluate their physiological characteristics. Zelkova serrata is a major tree species that has been planted on various South Korean streets. We determined the physiological characteristics of Z. serrata in street trees of Goyang and Paju in Gyeonggi Province. According to survey sites, net CO2 assimilation rates was 13.9-16.4 µmol CO2 m-2s-1, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was 0.80-0.82, and proline contents was showed 3.4-3.7 mg g-1 FW. The studied trees were assumed to be physiologically stressed, but it was found that Z. serrata was planted as street trees were not significantly stressed when compared to chlorophyll fluorescence responses and proline contents. In the future, the continuous monitoring system is needed to evaluate the physiological characteristics of urban trees.

Vegetation Characteristics of Forests Associated with Elementary Schools in the Eastern Region of Gyeongnam-do (경남 동부지역 초등학교 학교숲의 식생 특성)

  • Su-Gyeong Jeon;Seo-Yeong Jo;Hye-Wan Jun;Seong-Hun Jeong;Hyun-Shik Moon;Mee-Young Kang
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.33 no.10
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    • pp.709-719
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    • 2024
  • This study was conducted to provide basic information on school forest creation by comparing and analyzing the planting status of school forests on the grounds of ten elementary schools in the eastern region of Gyeongnam-do. School forest areas ranged from 248 m2 to 1,100 m2, with an average of approximately 370 m2. The most common type of space utilization involved forests surrounding the school building, with the predominant growth type featuring a relatively high proportion of evergreen trees. The number of individual trees in existing school forests varied significantly, and the number of trees planted during the establishment of school forest differed by over ten-fold. Despite the small number of trees, Rhododendron indicum and R. yedoense f. poukhanense, commonly used for fences and landscaping, were planted at all schools and seemed to have the highest number of individual trees. The average species diversity was 1.29, and we found that species diversity decreased after the establishment of school forests. Although trees were planted in all schools, some of them did not plant any flowers even after the school forest was created.