• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2010

Purpose: Painful plantar callosities under the second, third or fourth metatarsal head have been controverted about its treatment mordalities. We performed the vertical chevron osteotomy in patients with painful callosities on the second and third metatarsal head, and evaluated the outcome clinically. Materials and Methods: Fourteen cases from 10 patients who had plantar keratosis were operated by vertical chevron osteotomy from March 2005 to October 2008. We used K-wire fixation for all cases. We evaluated the clinical results by the patients' satisfaction and disappearance of plantar lesion. Results: The plantar keratosis was completely disappeared in 8 cases and partially in 5 cases. In 2 cases, patients expresses their pain caused by constant metatarsalgia that was suspected to be dorsal incisional pain and joint capsulitis. Transmetatarsalgia was not appeared. Conclusion: We consider vertical chevron osteotomy as a good surgical method for treatment of plantar keratosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare plantar pressure distribution between affected side and unaffected side and to analyze plantar pressure distribution of affected side according to the extent of hemineglect in the adult hemiplegia. Methods : Twenty-five hemiplegia participated in this study. The analysis of plantar pressure distribution was conducted by the F-scan system, and the extent of hemineglect was evaluated with line-bisection test. While the subject walked about 10 meters in their comfortable speed the plantar pressure was evaluated and stored. Results : Total contact area, AP CoP trajectory, contact pressure of mid-foot of the affected side were significantly different from the unaffected side. Total contact area, AP CoP trajectory and contact pressure of mid-foot were smaller than those of unaffected side. In the comparison among the group according to the extent of hemineglect, AP CoP trajectory of subject who has severe hemineglect was significantly different from the patient that has no hemineglect and it was shorter than that of no hemineglect. Conclusion : The plantar pressure distribution was generally different between affected side and unaffected side and the hemineglect affected negatively the patient to move CoP forwardly while walking. Accordingly, it will help the clinician to understand the hemineglect which has an effect on abnormal walking and to intervent the hemiplegia who has a neglection to the affected side.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.126-132
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined whether there are seasonal variations in the number of plantar fasciitis cases from the database of the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service and an internet search of the volume data related to plantar fasciitis and whether there are correlations between variations. Materials and Methods: The number of plantar fasciitis cases per month was acquired from the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service from January 2016 to December 2019. The monthly internet relative search volumes for the keywords "plantar fasciitis" and "heel pain" were collected during the same period from DataLab, an internet search query trend service provided by the Korean portal website, Naver. Cosinor analysis was performed to confirm the seasonality of the monthly number of cases and relative search volumes, and Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to assess the correlation between them. Results: The number of cases with plantar fasciitis and the relative search volume for the keywords "plantar fasciitis" and "heel pain" all showed significant seasonality (p<0.001), with the highest in the summer and the lowest in the winter. The number of cases with plantar fasciitis was correlated significantly with the relative search volumes of the keywords "plantar fasciitis" (r=0.632; p<0.001) and "heel pain" (r=0.791; p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Both the number of cases with plantar fasciitis and the internet search data for related keywords showed seasonality, which was the highest in summer. The number of cases showed a significant correlation with the internet search data for the seasonality of plantar fasciitis. Internet big data could be a complementary resource for researching and monitoring plantar fasciitis.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the shift of COP pathway and the plantar foot pressure among level walking and stairs and ramp climbing in young and elderly people. Plantar foot pressure was measured by MatScan system(Tekscan, USA). Statistical analysis was used One-way ANOVA to know the characteristics of peak plantar pressure during walking with different the facilities. In young adults, COP pathway during stairs climbing was slightly shorten and trended to abduct at forefoot. COP pathway during ramp climbing was also shorten but trend to adduct at forefoot. Peak plantar pressure of 2-3 metatarsal head and heel during ramp climbing was more decreased than level walking. In elderly people, COP pathway during stairs climbing was more shorten and abducted than leve walking and COP pathway during ramp climbing was more unstable than level walking. Peak plantar pressure of first metatarsal head increased at stair climbing and decreased at ramp climbing. That of second metatarsal head and heel was more decreased at ramp climbing. Conclusionally, Peak plantar pressures of each foot region generally increased and more changed during ramp climbing.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in simple radiographic parameters and results of 3-D scan among normal and patient groups. Materials and Methods: Seventy subjects in each group were studied. Control group consisted of subjects without plantar foot pain (normal group), and two patient groups were one with plantar forefoot pain (metatarsalgia group), the other with plantar heel pain (heel pain group). Simple radiographic parameters were obtained and 3-D scan was done with foot scanner (Nexscan, K&I, Korea) and The height and volumn of the space under the medial longitudinal arch was analyzed (Enfoot, K&I, Korea). These parameters were compared and correlation between radiological parameters and results of the 3-D scan were studied. Results: The results of all parameters istributed normally. There was no signigicant differences among the groups in radiological parameters (talo-first metatarsal angle, calcaneal pitch angle and height of the talar head in standing lateral radiograph) and arch height and arch volumn on 3-D scan. There were statistically significant correlations between radiological and 3-D scan results. Conclusion: This study revealed that there is no significant differences in medial longitudinal arch height and volumn among normal and different patient groups and there are variety of arch height in patients with similar symptoms.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.197-204
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• 2004

In this study we presented kinematic and kinetic data of foot joints using approximated equations and partial plantar pressure during gait. The maximum angular displacements of each tarsometatarsal joint were found to range from 4$^{\circ}$to 7$^{\circ}$ and the maximum moments were from 200Nㆍcm to 1500Nㆍcm. It was relatively wide distribution. Foot kinematic data calculated from the approximated equations, which were represented by the correlation between moment and angular displacement, and the data from motion analysis were similar. We found that the movements of foot joint were mainly decided by the passive characteristics of the joint when ground reaction force acts. The method of kinematic and kinetic analysis using approximated equations which is presented in this study is considered useful to describe the movements of foot joints in gait simulations.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.257-261
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare plantar foot pressure distribution in adults and elderly according to obstacle height. Methods: Nine healthy adults and nine older adults were recruited and the subjects provided written informed consent consent prior to participation. Both groups walked and crossed obstacles with heights of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of their height. Foot pressure was measured by peak pressure using the Pedar System (Novel Gmbh, Germany) during obstacle walking with barefeet in shoes. Three trails were calculated on eight areas and then averaged for data analysis. Results: A significant difference in great toe, little toes, and lateral metatarsal area was observed between adults and elderly groups, but other areas did not show significant differences. Foot pressure was increased in groups according to obstacle height. Conclusion: These findings showed that change in foot pressure distribution is more lateral in elderly in order to maintain postural control during obstacle crossing.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.145-148
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• 2007

Purpose: This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the appearances of plantar fasciitis by ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: 48 cases of unilateral plantar fasciitis were enrolled in this study. Plain radiograph and realtime sonography of both feet were perfomred and the results were compared between the affected feet and controlateral symptomless feet. Calcaneal spur were observed on plain radiograph and thickness of plantar fascia, hypoechogenecity, blurring of border of plantar fascia, perifascial effusion, wavy plantar fascia were observed on sonography. Results: Women (35 cases) and left feet (30 cases) were more frequent than men and right feet. Thickness of plantar fascia in affected site was thicker than normal site (p<0.01). Hypoechogenecity was observed only in 39 cases (81%) affected site, blurring of border of plantar fascia in affected site was 30 cases (62%) and 7 cases (15%) in normal site, perifascial effusion was observed only in 38 cases (79%) affected site, wavy plantar fascia in affected site was 43 cases (90%) and 2 cases (4%) in normal site. Calcaneal spur in affected site was 36 cases (75%) and 33 cases (69%) in normal site. Conclusion: Sonography is a useful diagnostic procedure for the plantar fasciitis especially in the unilateral plantar fasciitis.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.84-87
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• 2022

Purpose: This was a pilot study to examine the clinical usefulness of the newly developed three-dimensional sweep mode extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT) in patients with plantar fasciitis. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional sweep mode ESWT was performed once a week for 5 weeks in patients with plantar fasciitis who showed no improvement with the conventional conservative treatment. A 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) reading for pain from walking and at rest after walking were collected before the treatment and 8 and 16 weeks after the initial treatment. In addition, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and EuroQol-5-dimension (EQ-5D) scores before and 16 weeks after the treatment were evaluated. Results: VAS for pain for walking improved from 50.60±8.38 to 19.80±15.61 at 8 weeks after the initial treatment (p=0.008) and 9.80±9.62 at 16 weeks after the treatment (p<0.001). VAS for pain at rest after walking improved from 36.60±19.55 to 11.80±12.95 at 8 weeks after the initial treatment (p=0.052) and 8.80±8.87 at 16 weeks after the treatment (p=0.024). Preoperative FAOS increased from an average of 74.80±9.73 before the treatment to an average of 81.00±8.86 at week 16 after the procedure (p=0.49) and compared to pre-treatment levels, there was a decrease of one level in the anxiety/depression domain of the EQ-5D, post-treatment. Conclusion: The results of this preliminary study confirmed that the newly developed EWST with the smart forging sweep mode was effective in improving pain and function in plantar fasciitis.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 2022

Purpose: Pes planus is a common foot deformity that involves the loss of the medial longitudinal arch. The medial longitudinal arch deformity is usually asymptomatic; however, it can lead to an increased risk of pain and injury. Low-Dye taping is designed to treat plantar heel pain and pes planus. However, low-Dye taping is relatively complex, and a considerable amount of time is required to apply the tape correctly. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of two different types of taping (low-Dye taping and modified Mulligan taping) on arch reformation, plantar pressure, and gait characteristics in participants with asymptomatic flexible pes planus. Methods: Twenty subjects (9 males and 11 females; mean age = 21.95 years) with asymptomatic flexible pes planus voluntarily participated in this study. Arch reformation was evaluated using navicular height measurements. Changes in plantar pressure distribution were measured using BioRecue equipment. Gait parameters were measured using spatiotemporal data collected during consecutive gait cycles using a G-WALK device. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the three different conditions (i.e., bare foot, low-Dye taping, and modified Mulligan taping) for each variable. Results: Navicular height was significantly increased in subjects who underwent the two types of taping compared to those who experienced the bare foot condition. The plantar pressure was significantly shifted to the posterolateral area after modified Mulligan taping compared with the bare foot condition. There were no significant differences in the gait parameters. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that modified Mulligan taping has a similar effect to low-Dye taping, and modified Mulligan taping is a simpler method than low-Dye taping.