• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2015

This study evaluated whether dietary supplementation of tapioca could alleviate the negative effects of palm kernel meal (PKM) on growth performance and meat quality in growing and finishing pigs. In experiment 1, 120 73-dold crossbred growing pigs [$(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace){\times}Duroc$], with an average body weight of $31.7{\pm}4.5kg$, were used in a 3-week trial. In experiment 2, 120 108-d-old crossbred finishing pigs [$(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace){\times}Duroc$], with an average BW of $52.6{\pm}4.2kg$ were used in a 10-week trial. Treatments were: CON, a corn-soybean meal-based diet; PKM, 8% PKM, and TPKM, 8% PKM and 10% tapioca. No difference was observed in growth performance or meat quality among treatments in growing pigs. In finishing pigs, no difference was observed in growth performance or meat quality among CON and TPKM dietary treatments. Finishing pigs fed PKM decreases in final BW and ADG compared with those fed CON. Meat quality was not affected by dietary treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of tapioca alleviated anti-nutritional effect of PKM on growth performance in growing and finishing pigs. Thus, the PKM with tapioca could be an available alternative energy source to reduce the cost of pig diets.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.971-977
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• 2012

Redundant actuated parallel kinematic machines (PKMs) have been widely researched to increase stiffness of PKMs. This paper presents theoretical analyses on the stiffness of non-redundant and redundant actuated PKM. Stiffness of each mechanism is defined by summation of actuator and structural stiffness; the actuator stiffness is determined from displacements of actuators, and the structural stiffness is determined from deformations of links by external forces. Calculated actuator and structural stiffness of non-redundant PKM show same distribution in entire workspace. On the contrary, the actuator and the structural stiffness of a redundant PKM has very different distribution in the workspace; so, we conclude the structural stiffness of redundant PKM should be considered to design the redundant PKM. The results can be used to design and analyze non-redundant and redundant PKMs.

• 한국정보보호학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보보호학회 2002년도 종합학술발표회논문집
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• pp.584-587
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• 2002

정보화 사회가 도래하면서 정보보호의 중요성이 강조되고 있으며, 정보보호 서비스를 제공하기 위한 기반 구조로써 공개키 기반 구조가 구축되어 사용되고 있다. 공개키 기반 구조는 공개키 암호 방식을 사용하는 암호시스템에서 사용자의 공개키를 안전하고 신뢰성 있게 관리하는 수단을 제공한다. 그러나 사용자들의 개인키에 대한 관리 기술은 미비한 실정이다. 최근들어 암호 프로토콜을 이용하여 개인키를 안전하게 관리하기 위한 개인키 관리(PKM; Public Key Management) 프로토콜이 연구되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 공개키 암호 기술에서 사용되는 개인키를 안전하게 관리하고, 키로밍 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 새로운 PKM 프로토콜을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.515-520
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• 2013

Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key regulatory enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. It is one of four pyruvate kinase isoenzymes that widely differ in their occurrence according to tissue type. PKM2 is expressed in differentiated tissues, such as fat tissues, lung, as well as normal proliferating cells, embryonic cells, and tumor cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PKM2 gene with meat quality traits in Berkshire pigs. We detected a SNP (g.34341 A>G) in the 3'UTR region of the PKM2 gene in 670 Berkshire pigs through DNA sequencing. Three genotypes, AA, AG, and GG, were found for this SNP, but based on an association analysis with meat quality traits, genotype AA was significantly associated with thicker back fat than genotype GG (p=0.027). Therefore, the g.34341 A>G polymorphism in the 3'UTR region of the porcine PKM2 gene could be applied in pig breeding programs to improve back fat thickness.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.252-258
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• 2011

탄소원으로 palm kernel meal(PKM)과 밀기울을 함유한 배지에서 농후배양하여 작물 재배 토양으로부터 xylan과 locust bean gum(LBG)에 대한 분해활성이 있는 균을 분리하였다. 분리균 YB-1107의 16S rDNA 서열이 Cellulosimicrobium 속 균주와 유사도가 높은 균주로 판명되었다. 분리균의 mannanase는 LBG와 PKM에 의해 생산성이 증가된 반면에 xylanase는 oat spelt xylan과 밀기울에 의해 생산성이 증가되었다. Mannanase는 0.7% PKM을 첨가한 배지, xylanase는 1% 밀기울을 첨가한 배지에서 각각 최대 생산성을 보였으며 모두 정지기에서 생산이 되었다. 분리균의 배양상등액은 $55^{\circ}C$와 pH 6.5에서 mannanase의 최대활성을 보였으며, $65^{\circ}C$와 pH 5.5에서 xylanase의 최적반응 활성을 나타냈다. Mannanase에 의해 분해된 LBG와 xylanase에 의해 분해된 xylan으로부터 각각 올리고당이 관찰되었으며, 또한 이들 효소는 밀기울과 미강도 분해하여 올리고당으로 전환하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2018

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of inclusion level of palm kernel meal (PKM) and adaptation duration on the digestible energy (DE) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of chemical constituents in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs. Methods: Thirty crossbred barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Large\;White$) with an average initial body weight of $85.0{\pm}2.1kg$ were fed 5 diets in a completely randomized design. The diets included a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 4 additional diets in which corn and soybean meal were partly replaced by 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40% PKM. After 7 d of adaptation to the experimental diets, feces were collected from d 8 to 12, d 15 to 19, d 22 to 26, and d 29 to 33, respectively. Results: The DE and ATTD of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), ash, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude protein (CP) in diets decreased linearly as the dietary PKM increased within each adaptation duration (p<0.01). Diet containing 19.5% PKM had less DE value and ATTD of all detected items compared with other diets when fed to pigs for 14 days (p<0.05). The ATTD of CP in PKM calculated by 19.5% and 39.0% linearly increased as adaptation duration prolonged from 7 to 28 days (p<0 .01). Conclusion: Inclusion level of PKM and adaptation duration had an interactive effect on DE and the ATTD of GE, DM, OM, and CP (p<0.01 or 0.05) but ash, NDF, and ADF in diet (p>0.05). Considering a stable determination, 21 days of adaptation to a diet containing 19.5% PKM is needed in pigs and a longer adaptation time is recommended as dietary PKM increases.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2015

Pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2), a rate-limiting enzyme in the final step of glycolysis, is known to be associated with the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells, and considered an important cancer therapeutic target. Herein, we report a novel PKM2 activator, PA-12, which was identified via the molecular docking-based virtual screening. We demonstrate that PA-12 stimulates the pyruvate kinase activity of recombinant PKM2 in vitro, with a half-maximal activity concentration of $4.92{\mu}M$, and effectively suppresses both anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of lung cancer cells in non-essential amino acid-depleted medium. In addition, PA-12 blocked the nuclear translocalization of PKM2 in lung cancer cells, resulting in the inhibition of hypoxia response element (HRE)-mediated reporter activity as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) target gene expression, eventually leading to the suppression of cell viability under hypoxia. We also verified that the effects of PA-12 were dependent on PKM2 expression in cancer cells, demonstrating the specificity of PA-12 for PKM2 protein. Taken together, our data suggest that PA-12 is a novel and potent PKM2 activator that has therapeutic implications for lung cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1961-1970
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• 2014

Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) was first found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its expression has been thought to correlate with prognosis. A large number of studies have demonstrated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and associated metastasis, resulting in enhanced malignancy of HCC. However, the roles of PKM2 in HCC EMT and metastasis remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to determine the effects of PKM2 in EGF-induced HCC EMT and elucidate the molecular mechanisms in vitro. Our results showed that EGF promoted EMT in HCC cell lines as evidenced by altered morphology, expression of EMT-associated markers, and enhanced invasion capacity. Furthermore, the present study also revealed that nuclear translocation of PKM2, which is regulated by the ERK pathway, regulated ${\beta}$-catenin-TCF/LEF-1 transcriptional activity and associated EMT in HCC cell lines. These discoveries provide evidence of novel roles of PKM2 in the progression of HCC and potential therapeutic target for advanced cases.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2011

유일 탄소원으로 palm kernel meal (PKM)과 밀기울을 함유한 최소배지에서 농후배양하여 작물 재배 토양으로부터 xylan과 locust bean gum (LBG)에 대한 분해활성이 있는 균을 분리하였다. 분리균 YB-1106의 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열을 조사한 결과 Microbacterium arabinogalactanolyticum와 98% 유사도를 보였다. 분리균의 xylanase는 밀기울, oat spelt xylan, 미강 및 xylose와 같은 부가탄소원에 의해 생산성이 증가된 반면에 mannanase는 LBG와 PKM에 의해 생산성이 증가되었다. 특히 Xylanase는 밀기울 2%를 첨가한 배지, mannanase는 1% LBG를 첨가한 배지에서 각각 생산성이 가장 높았으며 모두 정지기에서 생산이 되었다. 분리균의 배양 상등액은 $50^{\circ}C$와 pH 6.0에서 mannanase의 최대활성을 보였으며, $50^{\circ}C$와 pH 6.5에서 xylanase의 최적반응 활성을 나타냈다. Mannanase에 의해 분해된 LBG와 xylanase에 의해 분해된 xylan으로부터 각각 분해산물로 올리고당이 관찰되었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.562-574
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• 2018

The tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) protein is a retinoidinducible growth regulator and is considered a tumor suppressor. Here, we show that DnaJ heat shock protein family member C8 (DNAJC8) is a TIG1 target that regulates glycolysis. Ectopic DNAJC8 expression induced the translocation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) into the nucleus, subsequently inducing glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression to promote glucose uptake. Silencing either DNAJC8 or PKM2 alleviated the upregulation of GLUT1 expression and glucose uptake induced by ectopic DNAJC8 expression. TIG1 interacted with DNAJC8 in the cytosol, and this interaction completely blocked DNAJC8-mediated PKM2 translocation and inhibited glucose uptake. Furthermore, increased glycose uptake was observed in cells in which TIG1 was silenced. In conclusion, TIG1 acts as a pivotal repressor of DNAJC8 to enhance glucose uptake by partially regulating PKM2 translocation.