• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.527-535
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• 2011

This study proposes a modified definition about $C_{pk}$ based on median as the centering parameter in order to more easily control the process since the mean does not represent any quantile of the asymmetric process distribution. Then we consider an estimate and derive the asymptotic normality for the estimate of the modified $C_{pk}$. In addition, we provide an example with asymmetric distributions and discuss the estimation for the limiting variance that are followed by some concluding remarks.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.240-247
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out investigate changes in proximate composition, pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) and mineral contents of pure Kaesojoo (PK) and Kaesojoo added medicinal herbs (KMH) during storage period (30 days) at 4$^{\circ}C$ and -18$^{\circ}C$. Two dogs with 12kg live weight were slaughtered to obtain samples from extracts. The results obtained were as follows: Crude fat and ash of KMH were higher than those of the PK, but the moisture and crude protein was higher in the PK (p＜0.001). Proximate composition did not affect cold and frozen storage and storage period. the pH of the PK through all periods. The VBN value of all treatment gradually increased during storage period. That of KMH tend to be lower than PK, all treatment was maintained freshness. The TBA value of all treatment gradually increased during storage period (p＜0.05). Cold storage and PK tend to be higher frozen storage and KMH. Among minerals Ca, K, Mg, Na, P contents of the KMH were higher than those of the PK and the Ca, Mg, Zn contents were significantly changes (p＜0.05) according to the storage period and temperature.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2013

Poly ketone (PK) was photo-oxidized by UV/ozone irradiation and the effect of UV energy on the surface properties of the UV-irradiated PK film was investigated by the measurement of reflectance, surface roughness, contact angles, ESCA, and ATR. Reflectance, particularly at the wavelength of 380nm, decreased with increasing UV energy. And the irradiation produced nano-scale roughness on the surface uniformly. The maximum surface roughness increased from 25.3nm for the unirradiated sample to 104.9nm at the irradiation of $42.4J/cm^2$. The improvement in hydrophilicity was caused by the introduction of polar groups such as C-O and C=O bonds resulting in higher $O_{1s}/C_{1s}$. The surface energy of PK film increased from $43.3mJ/m^2$ for the unirradiated sample to $71.9mJ/m^2$ at the irradiation of $31.8J/cm^2$. The zeta potential of the UV-irradiated PK decreased with increased UV energy and the dyeability to cationic dyes increased accordingly, resulting from the photochemically introduced anionic and dipolar dyeing sites on the PK films surfaces.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2003

수용성 세리신의 전자공여능을 측정하고, FT-IR, DSC 등의 분석을 통하여 물리 화학적 특성을 조사하고 부직포에 세리신을 처리하여 pack test 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전자공여 작용의 항산화 실험 결과 high>low>PK>PP>PA 순서로 전자공여능이 높았다. 2. FT-IR 분석 결과 난용성 세리신에 나타난 3285 $cm^{-1}$ /에서의 피크가 수용성 세리신에서는 단파장쪽으로 이동되었고, 가수분해가 되어 분자량이 작을수록 아미드 II밴드의 크기는 작아지고 단파장쪽으로 이동하는 현상이 나타났다. 3. DSC 분석 결과 모든 세리신에서 20$0^{\circ}C$와 30$0^{\circ}C$부근에서 흡열피크가 나타났으며, 난용성 세리신의 경우 25$0^{\circ}C$부근에서 흡열 피크가 하나 더 나타나고 30$0^{\circ}C$부근의 흡열피크는 수용성 세리신보다 높은 온도에서 나타났다. 4. 백도는 low>high>PP>PA>PK>IN 순서로 높았고, 황도는 PK>PA>PP>low>high 순서로 높았다. 5. Pack test 결과 세리신 처리된 부직포로 얼굴에 pack 처리한 경우는 처리 전에 비하여 번들거림이 줄어들고 피부가 편평한 상태가 되었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of extract from Pulsatilla koreana $N_{AKAI}$ (PK) on the peritoneal macrophage. Methods : To evaluate of anti-inflammatory of PK, we examined cytokines and NO production in lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced macrophages. Furthermore, we examined molecular mechanism using western blot. Results : 1.Extract from PK reduced LPS-induced NO, tumor necrosis factor-a ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 production in peritoneal macrophages. 2.Extract from PK itself does not have any cytotoxic effect. PK inhibited the activation of extracelluar signal-regulated kinase(ERK 1/2) but not another mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and the degradation of inhibitory kappa B a ($I_{k}B_{a}$) does not any effect in the LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. Conclusion : PK down-regulated LPS-induced NO and cytokines production, which may be provide a clinical basis for anti-inflammatory properties of PK.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.20-21
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• 2002

Recently, Lee[European J. Operational Research 129(2001) 682-688] calculated standard deviation of fuzzy numbers in order to obtain the membership function of the process capacity index (PCI) $C^{pk}$. In this note, we show that his result is not valid.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1132-1138
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• 2009

The spring constants of primary suspensions for a railway vehicle are optimized by a robust design process, in which the response surface models(RSMs) of their dynamic responses are constructed via the design of experiment(DOE). The robust design process requires an intensive computation to evaluate exactly a probabilistic feasibility for the robustness of dynamic responses with their probabilistic variances for the railway vehicle. In order to overcome the computational process, the process capability index $C_{pk}$ is introduced which enables not only to show the mean value and the scattering of the product quality to a certain extent, but also to normalize the objective functions irrespective of various different dimensions. This robust design, consequently, becomes to optimize the $C_{pk}$ subjected to constraints, i.e. 2, satisfying six sigma. The proposed method shows not only an improvement of some $C_{pk}$ violating the constraints obtained by the conventional optimization, but also a significant decrease of the variance of the $C_{pk}$.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.399-422
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• 2003

In actual manufacturing industries, process capability analysis often entails characterizing or assessing processes or products based on more than one engineering specification or quality characteristic. Since these characteristics are related, it is a risky undertaking to represent variation of even a univariate characteristic by a single index. Therefore, the desirability of using vector-valued process capability index(PCI) arises quite naturally. In this paper, some vector-valued ${PCI}_p$ ${C}_p$=(${C}_{px}$, ${C}_{py}$),${C}_{pk}$=(${C}_{pkx}$, ${C}_{pky}$) and ${C}_{pm}$=(${C}_{pmx}$, ${C}_{pmy}$) considering univariate PCIs ${C}_p$,${C}_{pk}$ and ${C}_{pm}$ are studied. First, we propose some asymptotic confidence regions of our vector-valued PCIs with bootstrap. And we examine the performance of asymptotic confidence regions of our vector-valued PCIs ${C}_p$ and ${C}_{pk}$ under the assumption of bivariate normal distribution BN($\mu_{x}$, $\mu_{y}$, $\sigma_{x}^{2}$, $\sigma_{y}^{2}$, $\rho$) and bivariate chi-square distribution Bivariate $x^2$(5,5,$\rho$).

• 약학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2001

This research developed an intravenous (IV) vancomycin dosing nomogram based on the clinical pharmacokinetic data of Korean adult patients. Total 99 pairs of steady-state peak and trough serum concentrations of vancomycin were obtained from 73 adult patients in a tertiary general hospital. Serum vancomycin concentrations were determined to assess the appropriateness of initial vancomycin dosing. Only 47.2% of the cases were within therapeutic range. To characterize the clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) of vancomycin, PK parameters including elimination rate constant ( $K_{e}$) half-life( $T_{1}$2/), clearance (C $l_{van}$), volume of distribution ( $V_{d}$) were calculated by using one-compartment, first order pharmacokinetic equations. PK parameters were evaluated based on the differences of patients'renal function and age. Regression analysis showed a significant correlation between C $l_{van}$ and $C_{cr}$ (C $l_{van}$ = -1.89+0.914 $C_{cr}$ , r=0.763) and between $K_{e}$ and $C_{cr}$ , ( $K_{e}$=-0.0037+0.00139 $C_{cr}$ =0.724). The relationship between $K_{e}$ and $C_{cr}$ , and the mean $V_{d}$ were utilized for developing the nomogram to individualize the initial dosing regimen of vancomycin for the patients with various degrees of renal functions. The nomogram may be used as an efficient tool to determine safe and effective doses of vancomycin for the Korean adult patients.nts.nts.nts.s.nts.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2016

This study developed an HPLC analysis method for the determination of isoegomaketone (IK) and perillaketone (PK) in Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton leaves. P. frutescens ethanol extract was optimized through an HPLC analysis using a C18 column ($250{\times}4.6mml$, D, $S-5{\mu}m$, 12 nm) with gradient elution of water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a UV detection wavelength of 254 nm. The results of this method showed linearity in the calibration curve at a coefficient of correlation ($R^2$) of IK 0.9995, PK 0.9998. The limits of detection (LOD) for IK and PK were $0.234{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.952{\mu}g/mL$. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for IK and PK were $0.017{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.043{\mu}g/mL$. The inter-day precision RSDs of IK and PK in the P. frutescens were 1.25 to 2.69% and 0.36 to 1.10%, respectively, and the intra-day precision RSDs of IK and PK were 0.96 to 2.51% and 0.90 to 1.93%, respectively. The accuracies of IK and PK were 96.31 to 97.92% and 101.26 to 105.14%. In conclusion, this method was applied successfully to the detection of IK and PK in P. frutescens.