• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 1999

Physicochemical properties were evaluated for stored garlic bulbs during 9 months under different conditions, such as low-temperature condition (3${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$, 80${\pm}$5% RH, LT), pit-temperature condition (9${\pm}$6$^{\circ}C$, 80${\pm}$5% RH,PT) and ambient-temperature condition (14${\pm}$11$^{\circ}C$, 67${\pm}$5% RH, AT). The internal sprout development was more significant in pit and ambient conditions than in low temperature and thus certain means for sprout control is required for long-term storage of garlic bulbs under such conditions. The rates of rotting and weight loss were appreciable especially after 7 months of storage (next March) in the order of PT, AT and LT, when external sprouts were observed in PT and AT. Moisture content of stored samples were relatively constant in LT until next May, but that in W and AT was significantly reduced after next January. Total sugars showed a decreasing tendency with the prolonged period, whereas an apparent increase was found in the contents of reducing sugar and vitamin C along with external sprouting of garlic bulbs from the 7th month of storage (next March). Based on the results that around March is a limiting point in garlic storage at such conditions from the physiological and physicochemical points of view, improved storage condition should be applied to overcome the storage barrier.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.902-910
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• 2012

This study has been carried out to determine the effects of disturbances from wild boar grubbing on the functions of ecosystem. The experiments was performed in Mt. Jumbong of Long-term Ecological Research Sites of the Ministry of Environment. We measured soil physical properties, soil respiration($CO_2$), microbial biomass C, and soil enzyme activities from both disturbed and control plots. The disturbance sites were divided into two parts, mounds and pits. Soil organic matter contents were highest value at the control plots and lowest at the pit plots, respectively at 20.22% and 15.52%. The soil bulk densities were highest at the pit plots. Soil microbial biomass C and $CO_2$ evolution were significantly higher at the control plots compared to the disturbed plots. The results were positively correlated with soil organic matter contents. The cellulase activity and invertase activity in the soil showed similar pattern as the microbial biomass C and $CO_2$ evolution results. The cellulase activity and invertase activity in the soil were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass C. Soil organic matter contents seemed to affect the soil enzyme activities. The nitrate reductase activities were highest at the pit plots, which showed positive correlation with soil bulk density. The study results showed that the grubbing disturbances by wild boars induced the changes in soil properties, which affected soil microbial activities.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 1999

Onions were subject to quality evaluation from the physiological and physicochemical points of view during storage under different conditions, which were low temperature (2-4$^{\circ}C$, 80% RH), pit temperature (3-15$^{\circ}C$, 75-85% RH), room temperature (10-23$^{\circ}C$, 75-98% RH) and ambient temperature (2-25$^{\circ}C$, 62-72% RH). Sprouting were dereloped from the 11th month of storage in low temperature. Rotting was quickly occurred from the 7th month of storage excepting onions in room temperature. Low temperature storage showed the least weight change. Moisture content increased with the lapse of storage time at both low temperature and pit temperature storage conditions, but decreased with the lapse of storage time at room and ambient temperature conditions. Total and reducing sugars decreased with the storage time, while vitamin increased in stored onions at low temperature.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.164-173
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• 2005

Mechanical preparation has been introduced to provide the sealant retention. The objective of this study was to compare the fissure penetration and the microleakage of pit and fissure sealant using mechanical preparation(mechanical preparation + acid etching) and acid etching only. An additional objective of this study was to compare the fissure penetration and the microleakage of unfilled and filled sealant in both methods. Sixty human premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose were selected. Thirty teeth were acid etched alone and remaining thirty teeth were prepared with a $\frac{1}{4}$ round bur and then acid etched. One-half of teeth in each surface treatment method were sealed with unfilled sealant and the other half were sealed with filled sealant. All of the teeth were thermocycled for 1200 cycles at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$ and immersed in 5% methylene blue for 24 hours. Each tooth was sectioned bucco-lingually at mesial pit and distal pit and examined under a Measurescope. In the case of mechanical preparation, fissure penetration of sealant was significantly increased compared with the case of acid etching only(P < 0.05). The filled and unfilled sealant using mechanical preparation showed significantly decreased microleakage when compared with the unfilled sealant using acid etching only(P < 0.05). No differences were found in fissure penetration and microleakage between unfilled and filled sealant in both methods. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that mechanical preparation and filled sealant are recommended when placing pit and fissure sealant. However, further clinical studies should be performed in regard to microleakage.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-4
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• 2006

The characteristics of Bi2212 round wire was systematically studied depending on different heat treatment conditions. Initial wire was drawn after routine PIT (Powder In Tube) process. The wire was divided into 3 pieces with 10 cm in length and 2.5 mm in diameter. 3 wires were pre-heat treated separately by different heat treatment schedules, heated in air and nitrogen atmosphere and centrifugally melted. Pre-heated wires were annealed at $845^{\circ}C$ for 40 hours in oxygen atmosphere. SEM results indicate that all pre-heated wires showed highly oriented microstructure. However the wire by centrifugally melted process showed higher density and better electric properties as compared with 2 other wires pre-heated in air and nitrogen atmosphere. The critical current of a centrifugally melted wire was about 18 A in 77 K.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.605-606
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.1179-1180
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• 2012

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.925-926
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.589-590
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• 2011

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1035-1048
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Gardenia jasminoides extract (GJ) on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro. Methods: To investigate the effect of GJ on osteoclast differentiation, the mouse leukemic myeloid cell line RAW 264.7 was stimulated by RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand). Osteoclast differentiation was measured by counting TRAP (+) MNC in the presence of RANKL. To elucidate the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of GJ on osteoclast differentiation, gene expression of TRAP, Cathepsin K, MMP-9, NFATc1, c-Fos, MITF, DC-STAMP, CTR, OC-STAMP and Atp6v0d2 was measured using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Bone resorption was measured using the bone pit formation assay. Results: GJ decreased the number of TRAP (+) MNCs in the presence of RANKL. GJ inhibited the expression of cathepsin K, MMP-9, TRAP, MITF, NFATc1, c-Fos, iNON, OC-STAMP, Atp6v0d2, and DC-STAMP in the osteoclast, and inhibited bone pit formation in vitro. Conclusions: The results suggest that GJ has inhibitory effects on bone resorption resulting from inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and gene expression.