• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.2844-2861
• /
• 2023

Internet is the most prevailing word being used nowadays. Over the years, people are becoming more dependent on the internet as it makes their job easier. This became a part of everyone's life as a means of communication in almost every area like financial transactions, education, and personal-health operations. A lot of data is being converted to digital and made online. Many researchers have proposed different authentication factors - biometric and/or non-biometric authentication factors - as the first line of defense to secure online data. Among all those factors, passwords and passphrases are being used by many users around the world. However, the usability of these factors is low. Also, the passwords are easily susceptible to brute force and dictionary attacks. This paper proposes the generation of a novel passcode from the hybrid authentication factor - sound. The proposed passcode is evaluated for its strength to resist brute-force and dictionary attacks using the Shannon entropy and Passcode (or password) entropy formulae. Also, the passcode is evaluated for its usability. The entropy value of the proposed is 658.2. This is higher than that of other authentication factors. Like, for a 6-digit pin - the entropy value was 13.2, 101.4 for Password with Passphrase combined with Keystroke dynamics and 193 for fingerprint, and 30 for voice biometrics. The proposed novel passcode is far much better than other authentication factors when compared with their corresponding strength and usability values.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 2012

Biometric technology has been proposed as a new means to replace conventional PIN or password because it is hard to be lost and has the low possibility of illegal use. However, unlike a PIN or password, there is no way to modify the exposure if it is exposed and used illegally. To solve the problems, we propose to apply OTP using biometric information to mobile devices for more secure and adaptable authentication. In this paper, we propose a secure framework for delivering biometric information as mobile OTP to the server (TTP) and compared this paper with existed methods about security and performance.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.10 no.8
• /
• pp.144-151
• /
• 2020

User-authentication process is necessary in Fintech Service. Especially, authentication on smartphones are carried out through PIN which is inputted through virtual keypads on touch screen. Attacker can analogize password by watching touched letter and position over the shoulder or using high definition cameras. To prevent password spill, various research of virtual keypad techniques are ongoing. It is hard to design secure keypad which assures safety by fluctuative keypad and enhance convenience at once. Also, to reconfirm user whether password is wrongly pressed, the inputted information is shown on screen. This makes the password easily exposed through high definition cameras or Google Class during recording. This research analyzed QWERTY based secure keypad's merits and demerits. And through these features, creating Tetris shaped keypad and piece them together on Android environment, and showing inputted words as Tetris shape to users through smart-screen is suggested for the ways to prevent password spill by recording.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.1076-1089
• /
• 2021

Among the currently used knowledge-based authentication methods for smartphones, text and graphic-based authentication methods, such as PIN and pattern methods, use a display unit and a touch function of the display unit for input/output of secret information. Recently released smartphone form factors are trying to transform into various forms, away from the conventional bar and slate types because of the material change of the display unit used in the existing smartphone and the increased flexibility of the display unit. However, as mentioned in the study of D. Choi [1], the structural change of the display unit may directly or indirectly affect the authentication method using the display unit as the main input/output device for confidential information, resulting in unexpected security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we analyze the security vulnerabilities of the current mobile user authentication methods that is applied atypical form factor. According to the analysis results, it seems that the existing display-dependent mobile user authentication methods do not consider emerging security threats at all. Furthermore, it is easily affected by changes in the form factor of smartphones. Finally, we propose countermeasures for security vulnerabilities expected when applying conventional authentication methods to atypical form factor-based smartphones.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.17D no.2
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 2010

When entering the PIN(personal identification number), the greatest security threat is shoulder surfing attack. Shoulder surfing attack is watching the PIN being entered from over the shoulder to obtain the number, and it is the most common and at the same time the most powerful security threat of stealing the PIN. In this paper, a psychology based PINpad technology referred to as DAS(Dynamic Authentication System) that safeguards from shoulder surfing attack was proposed. Also, safety of the proposed DAS from shoulder surfing attack was tested and verified through intuitive viewpoint, shoulder surfing test, and theoretical analysis. Then, a PINpad with an internal DAS that was certified for its safety from shoulder surfing attack was designed and produced. Because the designed PINpad significantly decreases the chances for shoulder surfing attackers being able to steal the PIN when compared to the ordinary PINpad, it was determined to be suitable for use at ATM(automated teller machine)s operated by banks and therefore has been introduced and is being used by many financial institutions.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 2017

PIN-entry interfaces have high risks to leak secret values if the malicious attackers perform shoulder-surfing attacks with advanced monitoring and observation devices. To make the PIN-entry secure, many studies have considered invisible radio channels as a secure medium to deliver private information. However, the methods are also vulnerable if the malicious adversaries find a hint of secret values from user's $na{\ddot{i}}ve$ gestures. In this paper, we revisit the state-of-art radio channel based bimodal PIN-entry method and analyze the information leakage from the previous method by exploiting the sight tracking attacks. The proposed sight tracking attack technique significantly reduces the original password complexities by 93.8% after post-processing. To keep the security level strong, we introduce the advanced bimodal PIN-entry technique. The new technique delivers the secret indicator information through a secure radio channel and the smartphone screen only displays the multiple indicator options without corresponding numbers. Afterwards, the users select the target value by following the circular layout. The method completely hides the password and is secure against the advanced shoulder-surfing attacks.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.652-656
• /
• 2001

인터넷 이용자가 급증하고 있는 오늘날, 제공되는 서비스가 중요할수록 각 사용자에 대한 신분확인이 다양한 방법에 의해 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문은 현재 가장 많이 이루어지고 있는 패스워드와 PIN 등의 기억기반 인증 방법과 신분확인에 유용하나 전문장치를 필요로 하고 사용에 약간의 불쾌감을 줄 수 있는 생체인식기법을 대체한 수 있는 인식 기반의 이미지 인증 방법을 제안하고 기존의 기억기반 인중 방법과 비교하였다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.287-299
• /
• 2016

The electronic transactions over the Internet are growing across the world recently. There have been a lot of identity theft incidents during these online transactions nowaday. Therefore, a high level of identity proofing shall be carried out when using online services to deal with these matter. To prevent this kind of incident, i-PIN was introduced in Korea, which is used as an Internet Personal Identification Number. The i-PIN is designated to provide an online identification of the Internet users. As such, the unique identification numbers are provided to the internet service providers. This paper is to analyze the capabilities that the i-PIN provides, to propose the assurance security model for i-PIN. Furthermore, the security analysis results are presented. The result of this paper can be applicable to improve the applicabilities of the i-PIN.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2023

Biometric authentication has become an essential part of modern-day security systems, especially in financial institutions like banks. A face recognition-based ATM is a biometric authentication system, that uses facial recognition technology to verify the identity of bank account holders during ATM transactions. This technology offers a secure and convenient alternative to traditional ATM transactions that rely on PIN numbers for verification. The proposed system captures users' pictures and compares it with the stored image in the bank's database to authenticate the transaction. The technology also offers additional benefits such as reducing the risk of fraud and theft, as well as speeding up the transaction process. However, privacy and data security concerns remain, and it is important for the banking sector to instrument solid security actions to protect customers' personal information. The proposed system consists of two stages: the first stage captures the user's facial image using a camera and performs pre-processing, including face detection and alignment. In the second stage, machine learning algorithms compare the pre-processed image with the stored image in the database. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of using face recognition for ATM authentication, which can enhance the security of ATMs and reduce the risk of fraud.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.840-843
• /
• 2011

주민등록번호는 온오프라인에서 가장 많이 사용되는 본인확인 수단이나, 해킹이나 내부자 유출문제로 인해 온라인 환경에서는 아이핀과 같은 대체방안이 제시되었다. 하지만 오프라인 환경에서는 다양한 문제가 우려되나 대체방안이 없는 상황이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 아이핀을 오프라인 환경에서 사용하기 위한 방안을 제시한다. 아이핀 메시지의 특정 필드에 본인확인을 위한 정보와 접근 제어 정보를 암호화 한 뒤, 사용자의 휴대폰으로 아이핀 인증 요청/응답 메시지를 관리하고 기업의 출입시스템에서 본인확인과 접근제어에 활용하였다. 또한 제안한 시스템은 안드로이드가 탑재된 휴대폰에서 구현되었고 실제 서비스를 제공 중인 본인확인기관과 연계하여 본인확인 절차를 수행했다.