• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.115-117
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• 2001

최근 개인 휴대폰의 대중화에 따라 기존의 유선 인터넷 환경과 휴대폰 서비스가 결합된 무선 인터넷서비스가 각광을 받고 있다. 현재 웹을 기반으로 WAP 인터페이스를 제공하는 회사들은 디스크 기반DBMS를 사용한다. 데이터의 전송 속도가 유선 상에 비해 떨어지고 회선이 불안정한 무선 인터넷의 특성상, 응답 시간이 느릴 결우 사용자는 서비스 이용에 큰 불편을 느낄 수밖에 없고, 이용상에 오류가 생길 가능성이 높아진다. 이에 비추어 볼 때 응답 시간은 기존의 유선 인터텟 서비스에 비해 더욱 중요한 요소로 작용한다. 디스크 기반 DBMS는 이와 같은 요구 조건을 만족하지 못한다. 그에 반해 구조가 간단하면서 높은 성능을 낼 수 있는 메인 메모리 DBMS는 무선 인터넷 서비스에 적합한 환경을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 2세대 고성능 메인 메모리 DBMS인 P＊TIME을 이용하여 무선 인터넷 서버를 구현하고, 그 성능을 상용 DRDBMS인 Oracle을 이용했을 때의 성능과 비교 분석해 본다. WML, WML Script, JSP를 이용하여 PIMS 서비스를 구현해 본 결과, 동시 접속자 수가 늘어남에 따라 Oracle과 P＊TIME의 성능 차이는 더욱 크게 벌어져 동시 접속자 수가 50명일 경우 P＊TIME이 100배 이상의 성능을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.135-135
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• 2015

Tubes are of extreme importance in industries as for fluid channels or wave guides. Furthermore, some weapon systems such as cannons use the tubes as gun barrels. To increase the service life of such tubes, a protective coating must be applied to the tubes' inner surface. However, the coating methods applicable to the inner surface of the tubes are very limited due to the geometrical restriction. A small-diameter cylindrical magnetron sputtering gun can be used to deposit coating layers on the inner surface of the large-bore tubes. However, for small-bore tubes with the inner diameter of one inch (~25 mm), the magnetron sputtering method can hardly be accommodated due to the space limitation for permanent magnet assembly. In this study, a new approach to coat the inner surface of small-bore tubes with the inside diameter of one inch was developed. Instead of using permanent magnets for magnetron operation, an external electro-magnet assembly was adopted around the tube to confine the plasma and to sustain the discharge. The electro-magnet was operated in pulse mode to provide the strong axial magnetic field for the magnetron operation, which was synchronized with the negative high-voltage pulse applied to the water-cooled coaxial sputtering target installed inside the tube. By moving the electro-magnet assembly along the tube's axial direction, the inner surface of the tube could be uniformly coated. The inner-surface coating system in this study used the tube itself as the vacuum chamber. The SS-304 tube's inner diameter was 22 mm and the length was ~1 m. A water-cooled Cu tube (sputtering target) of the outer diameter of 12 mm was installed inside of the SS tube (substrate) at the axial position. The 50 mm-long electro-magnet assembly was fed by a current pulse of 250 A at the frequency and pulse width of 100 Hz and 100 usec, respectively. The calculated axial magnetic field strength at the center was ~0.6 Tesla. The central Cu tube was synchronously driven by a HiPIMS power supply at the same frequency of 100 Hz as the electro-magnet and the applied pulse voltage was -1200 V with a pulse width of 500 usec. At 150 mTorr of Ar pressure, the Cu deposition rate of ~10 nm/min could be obtained. In this talk, a new method to sputter coat the inner surface of small-bore tubes would be presented and discussed, which might have broad industrial and military application areas.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate adverse drug reactions (ADR) and causative drugs in the elderly 65 years of age or older, using Korean spontaneous reporting adverse events reporting database from June 2009 to December 2010. Methods: We estimated the association between ADRs and implicated medications by calculating a proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), and information component (IC). We reexamined the most frequently implicated medications and ADRs, and the seriousness of ADRs. Then, we assessed reports and concordant rate of ADRs due to medications designated as "high-risk" in elderly by 2012 healthcare effectiveness data and information set (HEDIS) or "potentially inappropriate" by 2012 American Geriatrics Society updated Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). Results: Among 15,484 elderly reports, data-mining analysis by PRR, ROR and IC showed that 421 drug-ADR pairs were detected as signals (3,189). The most frequently reported ADR and causative drug were urticaria (470) and contrast media agents (647), respectively. One hundred eighty nine ADR cases were graded as serious. Twenty-two kinds of high-risk medications were shown to be implicated in only 0.9% of ADRs. Only thirty-nine cases were consistent with 2012 Beers criteria or HEDIS. Conclusion: These results suggest that management of the other medications including contrast media agents as well as close monitoring of PIMs are necessary for reducing ADRs in the elderly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.634-640
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• 2020

The information security management system (ISMS) and the personal information management system (PIMS) have been integrated into a personal information & information security management system (ISMS-P) certification scheme in response to requests to reduce the time and cost to prepare certification schemes. Integration of the certification system has made it possible for the system operator to gain the advantage of easy management of the ISMS-P certification system, and the certification target organization can enjoy the advantage of easy acquisition and maintenance of certification. However, ambiguity in the application criteria of the target organization, and ambiguity in the certification criteria control items require the target organization to operate an excessive management system, and the legal basis to be applied to the certification target organization is ambiguous. In order to improve these problems, this paper uses case studies to identify the types of certification bodies that apply the certification criteria, and to change the control items applied during certification audits based on the types of certification bodies. Institutions that wish to obtain only ISMS certification have proposed three solutions, excluding controls covered by the ISMS-P. This paper suggests ways to operate an efficient certification system, and can be used as a basis for improving problems in the ISMS-P certification system.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.364-368
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to characterize organic mater decomposition with application of livestock manure compost in upland soil. Six different composts, which were chicken (CHM), pig (PIM), and cow (COM) manure compost added and chicken (CHMS), pig (PIMS), cow (COMS) manure compost with sawdust added, were prepared for this study. These composts have different composition of crude carbohydrate (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin). The buried-bag method was used to determine the rate of organic mater decomposition and the changes of crude carbohydrate content during 36 months in the field. In all treatment, hemicellulose content was sharply decreased within 8 months, but considerable amount of lignin was remained after 36 months. After 40 months, the rates of carbon decreasing were 81, 80, 72, 69, 67, and 64 % for CHM, PIM, COM, CHMS, PIMS, and COMS, respectively. The estimated equation of carbon decreasing rate (D), $D=aT^b$, was fit to the carbon decreasing rate vs. elapsed time (T) using a non-linear regression procedure. After 40 months, significant difference of carbon decreasing rate between observed and estimated was not found. The relationship between constant a, b and hemicellulose content in the compost was not observed in this experiment. The cellulose and lignin content in the compost were positively correlated to the constant b and negatively correlated to the constant a.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.140-149
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• 2021

Most industries have introduced and operate an information security management system (ISMS) or a personal information security management system (PIMS) to suitably protect and maintain customer's information and company trade secrets. This study starts with the premise that it is desirable for every industry considering information security to maintain an ISMS. ISMS can be of different types among various organizations, taking into consideration culture, practical work procedures, and guidelines for information security. This study intends to derive primary control areas of an ISMS for each industry based on organizational size and audit type by analyzing non-conformity trends and control factors according to certification audits for organizations introduced for international ISMS under ISO27001. This study analyzed improvement effects of ISMS through case analyses. It is meaningful as exploratory research, although it was difficult to acquire data for empirical study because few organizations maintain certification in major industrial sectors. The requirements presented the highest frequency of non-conformity for each type from the 2013-initiated ISO27001; the years 2013 to 2020 were extracted as the primary control area. The study found that for primary control areas of ISMS for each of three industries, organizational size and audit type had differences.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.113-121
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• 2006

As Internet evolves, web sites are becoming more and more complex, and it costs a lot of time and money to update web sites. The explosive growth of a large amount of content has resulted in an excessive server load and high network traffic, and thus it decreases the quality of service. In this research, we designed and implemented an integrated content management system which can be constructed and managed the content easily, and which is combined a merchant system with a personal information system based on the distributed content gathering and searching in order to optimize the utilization of the content itself.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.727-731
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• 2013

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) cases occurring in Indian patients and also study the utility of the crush smear preparation in intraoperative diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The immune status, clinical, radiological details, immunohistochemical profile, histopathological findings and cytological features in smear preparation of 32 cases of PCNSL were analyzed. Patients with systemic NHL and skull-base lymphomas were excluded. Results: The mean age of our patients was 52 years with a male: female ratio 1:1. A periventricular location was found in 62.5% of patients. None of our PCNSL cases were associated with AIDS. All cases except one were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Intraoperative diagnosis using crush smears allowed correct prediction in 93% of cases. Conclusions: Our study shows that PCNSL is seen predominantly in immunocompetent patients in India. The age of presentation is relatively young as compared to the West. Our study also stresses the utility of crush smear preparation in establishing an intraoperative diagnosis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.116.1-116.1
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• 2017

본 연구는 PVD와 CVD를 동시에 사용한 하이브리드 공정시스템을 이용하여 Ti를 도핑한 Diamond-like carbon(DLC) 코팅 전극의 특성 분석에 대한 내용을 다루고 있다. DLC는 높은 경도, 낮은 마찰 계수, 화학적 안정성 등의 좋은 기계적 물성을 가지고 있어 주로 내마모성이 요구되는 분야에 주로 적용되어 왔다. 또한 DLC는 넓은 전위창 및 낮은 백그라운드 전류 등의 전기화학적 특성을 가지고 있어 최근 전극용으로 전도유망한 소재로 주목받고 있지만, 높은 비저항과 낮은 접착력은 여전히 극복해야할 문제로 남아있다. 본 연구에서는 Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) 법과 High power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) 기법을 동시에 사용하여 Ti/TiC 하지층과 그 위에 Ti-DLC 막을 증착하였고, Ti 함량에 따른 DLC 박막의 특성변화를 살펴보았다. PVD/CVD 하이브리드 증착법에 의한 하지층은 DLC막과 기판사이의 밀착력을 향상시켰고, 기존 PECVD법과 비교하였을 때 하이브리드 증착법은 DLC 박막의 증착률을 크게 증가시켰다. DLC 박막에 소량의 Ti가 들어가면 C-C $sp^2$ 구조가 증가하여 전기적, 전기화학적 특성이 향상되었고, Ti의 함량이 일정 이상 증가하면 TiC의 영향을 받아 전기적, 전기화학적 특성이 나빠지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 DLC를 전극으로 활용하기 위해 전기적 및 전기화학적 특성을 향상시키는 연구에 집중하였지만, 산업에 활용하기 위해서 기계적 물성향상과 수명에 관한 추가적인 연구가 이루어 진다면 DLC 전극 분야 발전에 많은 기여를 할 수 있을 것이라 생각한다.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 2010

This study aimed to evaluate the patterns of inappropriate medication use and inappropriate dosage in elderly patients in Korea. A retrospective study was performed for the elderly 65 years or older admitted from January 2007 to December 2007 in a medical center, Seoul, Korea. Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use in the elderly was evaluated using Beers criteria. Eighteen drugs out of Beers criteria were included in the formulary of the institute. Inappropriate dosage was set using Beers criteria, CMS (the Centers for Medicare& Medicaid Services) guideline, Geriatric Dosage Handbook. As results, the patients with PIM were 2,172 during the study period. The commonly used inappropriate medications were drugs for the nervous system (n=1237, 44.78%), the alimentary System (n=663, 24.54%) and the cardiovascular system (n=494, 18.28%). The elderly patients with prescription of inappropriate dosage were 10% out of patients with PIMs. The commonly inappropriate dosage drugs were digoxin (n=75, 27.27%), diazepam (n=70, 22.55%) and ferrous sulfate (n=66, 24.00%). Logistic regression analysis showed the number of PIM, days of hospital stay as predictors related to inappropriate dosage use. In conclusion, CNS drugs were frequently prescribed as PIM and inappropriate dosages were identified. It is needed to develop a means of decreasing adverse drug events in elderly.