• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.409-418
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• 2016

This study examines how instructor's attractiveness perceived by pilates participants affects participants' flow and passion. The subjects for this study were 214 participants who participated in pilates in Seoul. The reliability and validity test of the questionnaire were conducted by using SPSS & AMOS Window 18.0 program; the results of descriptive analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation model are as follows; First, the instructors' attractiveness affects pilates participants' flow. Second, the instructors' attractiveness has influence on the participants' passion. Third, pilates participants' flow affects their passion. Lastly there is a causal relationship between instructors' attractiveness, flow and passion of pilates participants.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.119-129
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of pilates exercises on the body composition and satisfaction level of female college students, and, to do so, pilates classes were provided for female college students for 8 weeks. Their level of satisfaction was surveyed and their body composition before and after participating in the classes was also measured. Out of a total of 40 subjects, those who did not diligently participate in the pilates classes were excluded, and the data of 22 subjects who continued to participate in the classes were analyzed only. The components of body composition measured before and after the 8-week pilates exercise program showed that body fat percentage and abdominal fat percentage were reduced, while lean body mass increased. The level of satisfaction of the group of those who performed pilates exercises for 8 weeks showed positive effects. It will be necessary to develop various systematic and science-based pilates exercise programs that are customized for different age groups in order to reduce the level of the components of body composition associated with obesity.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1797-1802
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• 2019

Background: Breathing is the essential step of Pilates exercise and can be used to activate core muscles. Although the effects of breathing exercise on pain, breathing muscles, and cervical posture have been extensively studied, little is known about the impact of Pilates breathing on spinal posture and alignment. Purpose: To determine the effect of 3D-Pilates breathing exercise on spinal curvature and alignment of healthy adults during corrected to normal alignment. Design: One group pre-post test design Methods: Eighteen participants were given a 3D-pilates breathing exercise twice a week (20 minutes per session) for three weeks and warmed up for 10 minutes before each exercise session. To examine spinal curvature and alignment of each subject, this study used radiation free rasterstereography (Formetric III, Germany). Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were performed to determine the difference between pre and post exercise. Results: There were statistically significant differences in height (p<.001), kyphosis angle (p<.05), trunk imbalance (p<.05), kyphotic apex (p<.01), cervical fleche (p<.05), pelvic tilt (p<.01), and lateral deviation (p<.05) between before and after 3D Pilates breathing exercise. However, there was no significant difference in lordosis angle. Conclusions: The study results indicated that three week 3D-pilates breathing exercise program could be presented as an effective rehabilitation method for improving spinal curvature and alignment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.381-387
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• 2018

The research was to examine the relationship between body related values, appearance instrumentality and exercise adherence behavior of Pilates participants. the participants in this research were 162 who were participating in public and private Pilates programs in Incheon metropolitan city. Data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS 18.0 version. The results are as follows: overall, the causal relationship between Pilates participant's body related values, appearance instrumentality and exercise adherence behavior was suitable. More specifically, first, Pilates participant's body related values has influence on exercise adherence behavior. Second, Pilates participant's appearance instrumentality affects exercise adherence behavior. Third, Pilates participant's body related values has influence on heir appearance instrumentality. Forth, there is a causal relationship between body related values of Pilates participants, appearance instrumentality and exercise adherence behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This Study compared the level of activation of the muscles around the shoulder at the time of abduction through Pilates breathing and regular breathing by using quantified biofeedback. METHODS: Experiment was conducted on 25 healthy males and females in the age bracket of 20's~30's as the subjects. The level of activation of muscles displayed at the time of Pilates breathing were measured at intercostal (InC) muscle, transverse abdominis (TrA) muscle, internal oblique (IO) muscle and external oblique (EO) muscle by using surface electromyogram (EMG) and were provided as biofeedback. Moreover, the changes in the level of muscular activation at sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, upper trapezius (UT) muscle and Deltoid (Del) muscle, which are the muscles around the shoulder, at the time of abduction of shoulder during Pilates breathing and regular breathing were measured. RESULTS: When abduction of shoulder is executed through Pilates breathing, the level of muscular activation of UT muscle was $11.56{\pm}7.10%$ at the time of exhaling of Pilates breathing and $17.54{\pm}9.57%$ at the time of exhaling of regular breathing. Del muscle also displayed lowered level of muscular activation at the time of Pilates breathing with $12.88{\pm}5.80%$ during inhaling and $15.14{\pm}5.49%$ during exhaling. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results could be interpreted as indicating that the muscle activities of upper trapezius and deltoid muscle were decreased based on Pilates breathing more than those on regular breathing.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3088-3095
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercises on the improvement of blood pressure and respiratory function. 36 subjects which were randomly divided into Pilates exercises group(n=18) and control group(n=18). Subjects in the Pilates exercises group were regularly participated in Pilates exercise program for 8 weeks. We were measured the blood pressure and respiratory function such as blood pressure, VO2max, METs, and Anaerobic threshold at before and after the experiment. After 8 weeks, in Pilate exercises group, there were significant improvement on blood pressure and respiratory function except the diastolic blood pressure. And subjects participated in Pilates exercise group were significantly improved compared to control group on systolic blood pressure, VO2max, METs, and Anaerobic threshold. But in control group, there were no significant differences. In conclusion, regular participation in Pilates exercises improved the blood pressure and respiratory function. These results suggest that Pilates exercise is the method that replace aerobic exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.238-244
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• 2021

Purpose: Menstruation is associated with menstrual symptoms like pain and balance problems which have an impact on the quality of life. Pilates increases pelvic stability and reduces menstrual pain by inducing abdominal muscle contraction. This study was done to evaluate the effects of Pilates on menstrual pain, symptoms, balance, and quality of life when compared to aerobic exercise. Methods: Thirty-nine women with menstrual pain were randomly divided into the Pilates group (n=13), aerobics group (n=13), and control group (n=13). The Pilates group performed lumbar-pelvic stabilization exercises, while the aerobic group ran on a treadmill. The control group did not undergo any intervention. The experimental groups exercised for four weeks (12 sessions) and did not exercise during menstruation. The Y-balance test was performed on the second day of menstruation to evaluate dynamic balance. The questionnaires administered immediately after menstruation were the visual analog scale (VAS), Korea Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the modified Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ). The paired t-test was used to compare the effect of exercise within the three groups and a oneway analysis of variance was used to compare between groups. Results: VAS and MEDI-Q scores significantly decreased in the Pilates group after 4 weeks compared with those in the aerobic and control groups. Moreover, ODI and Y-balance scores increased in the Pilates group compared with those in the aerobic and control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The Pilates stabilization exercises are effective and help in improving menstrual pain, balance and other menstrual symptoms assessed through ODI, and MEDI-Q, compared to aerobic exercises.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.91-100
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• 2018

Purpose : The study investigated the effects of Pilates exercise on strengthening trunk muscles of females who perform such exercise for the purpose of comparing activation of trunk muscles that contact while performing Pilates motions between females with or without at least 8 weeks of Pilates experience. Methods : The study investigated 10 females with at least 8 weeks of Pilates experience in the past 6 months (experienced group) and 10 healthy females without Pilates experience (non-experienced group). The study used basic Pilates postures involving hip abduction, lift, and leg swing motions as the measurement postures in comparing the activation of muscles used for stabilization, such as the rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominal, and transverse abdominis & internal oblique abdominal muscles. Surface electromyography was used for measuring muscle activation, and the measurements targeted activation of the rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominal, transversus abdominis, and internal oblique abdominal muscles. Results : The study results showed that, as compared to the non-experienced group, the experienced group had significantly higher muscle activation in the transverse abdominis and internal oblique abdominal muscles during hip abduction (p<.05) and significantly higher muscle activation in the rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominal, and transverse abdominis & internal oblique abdominal muscles during lift and leg swing motions (p<.05). Conclusion : Pilates exercise performed over a long period can be recommended as an effective exercise method that can increase the activation of trunk muscle, and especially, repeated performance of highly difficult motions can increase muscle activation even more, which can help promote spinal stabilization, prevent pain, and improve performance of activities of daily living.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.113-120
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• 2022

Purpose : Lymphedema is a common complication in mastectomy patients and is usually characterized by pain, swelling, and limited range of motion (ROM) in the arm. Electromyostimulation (EMS) is widely used for the rehabilitation and recovery of subjects with various neuromusculoskeletal disorders after breast cancer. However, EMS has not yet been used in many Pilates exercises. This study was aimed at comparing the effects of instrument Pilates integrated with EMS on pain, lymphedema, and ROM of the upper extremity (UE) in breast cancer subjects after mastectomy. Methods : Nine female breast cancer subjects who had undergone mastectomy participated in the study. The subjects underwent instrument Pilates with EMS (experimental group) or instrument Pilates only (control group). Pain, lymphedema, and ROM of the UE were measured using the visual analog scale (VAS), the circumference length of the UE, and the ROM of the UE. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the pain, lymphedema, and ROM of the arm before and after the intervention, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the two groups. The statistical significance level was set to p < .05. Results : In the experimental group, there were significant differences in pain (p<.05) and UE circumference (p<.05) before and after intervention. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in VAS (p>.05) or circumference length of the UE (p>.05). There was one significant difference between the groups in terms of internal rotation of the ROM of the UE (p<.05). Conclusion : These results show that instrument Pilates exercises combined with EMS may positively affect the internal rotation of the ROM of the UE in breast cancer patients after mastectomy, thus contributing to existing knowledge about instrument Pilates using EMS for the effective management of in breast cancer subjects after mastectomy.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.214-221
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of using the LED light electromyographyfeedback system (EMG-light) during Pilates exercises in women to maintain consistent muscle contraction in the abdominal external oblique muscles and reduce muscle contraction in the upper trapezius muscles. This study compared Pilates training using the EMG-light with Pilates training only in healthy women for 4 weeks. Design: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 17 healthy women were divided into an experimental group (n=9) and a control group (n=8). Both groups performed Pilates exercises as assigned, twice per week for four weeks, with each session lasting fifty minutes. The experimental group were used the EMG-light feedback system during pilates exercise while the control group did not use EMG-light. We used cervical vertebral angle (CVA), shoulder tilt angle to evaluate neck posture and standing balance with closed eye for 30s before and after exercise. Results: The control group exhibited a significant change in CVA (p<0.05). Both groups showed significant changes in shoulder tilt, center of pressure (COP) path-length, and COP velocity during eyes-closed conditions (p<0.05). However, there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of CVA, shoulder tilt, COP path-length, and COP velocity. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that Pilates exercises had positive effects on shoulder posture and balance. The use of EMG-light provided real-time visual feedback on muscle contraction during Pilates exercise. However, the experimental group did not show significant improvements compared to the control group, which performed Pilates exercises without feedback.