• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2001

Occurence, seasonal changes and vertical distribution of the silica-scaled chrysophytes in a small fish-free pond were studied using electron microscopy (EM) and light microscopy (LM) from October 1998 to July 1999. The phytoplankton community was characterized by Chrysophyta and Cryptophyta. Ten species of the silica-scaled chrysophytes of genera Mallomonas, Synura, Chrysosphaerella and Spiniferomonas were identified by EM, and the most abundant species were Mallomonas akrokomos and M. portae-ferreae. The maximum population density of M. akrokomos was observed in December and several peaks appeared periodically at about one to two month intervals, whereas M. portae-ferreae developed the maximum density in March. The diurnal vertical distribution of M. akrokomos exhibited clear downward migration at night and slightly upward migration in the morning. A complex interaction among physico-chemical and biological factors seemed to affect the vertical distribution of M. akrokomos. However, the seasonal changes of M. akrokomos did not show significant corre1ations with the physico-chemical and some biologica1 factors. Although M. akrokomos was evenly distributed throughout the water column during some experimental periods, the diurnal patterns found in the two diurnal cycles showed consistency in that it clearly avoided the surface water during the day. This suggested that M. akrokomos may be a shade plankton with maximum densities below surface layer.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2022

The physico-chemical properties of agricultural soil are factors that affect crop productivity and soil fertility. In Korea, agricultural environment change surveys have been conducted every four years since 1999. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status and changes in the physico-chemical properties of agricultural soil in Chungcheongnam-do. Samples were collected from the exact location of the aforementioned environment survey, and environmental variables (land use, type of crop cultivated) were investigated in relation to the samples. Soil collection was conducted using a core sampler and a single gouge auger. The bulk density of the soil generally increased up to a depth of sampling of 40 cm but decreased thereafter to a depth of 60 cm. Additionally, the bulk density was highest in the upland soil case and stood at 1.59 g·cm^-3, while the lowest value of 1.52 g·cm^-3 was obtained from orchard soil samples. Conversely, the porosity and moisture gradually decreased at soil depths of 0 - 40 cm and increased at depths of 40 - 60 cm. Most of the soil chemical properties generally decreased with an increase the soil depth from 0 to 70 cm, but electrical conductivity (EC) increased up to a depth of 40 cm. Therefore, it is judged that it is necessary to lower the bulk density by supplying organic matter for agricultural land in Chungcheongnam-do.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.429-436
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• 2000

In order to study on the variational characteristics of water quality and chlorolphyll a concentration the water samples were collected daily or three times a week during the period from April 1990 to November 1991 at Kukdong port located in the northern Kamak bay of Southern Korea I made an analysis on biological factor as chlorophyll a concentration as well as physico-chemical factors such as water temperature salinity sigma-t dissolved oxygen, nutrients (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) N/P ratio and chemical oxygen demand. In Northern Kamak bay seasonal variations in physical factors such as water temperature salinity and sigma-t were very marked. On the other hand chemical factors such as nutrients concentration and COD were not so. Chemical factors, in particular silicate were influenced by input of freshwater. And the roles of silicate on the seasonal succession of phytoplankton species composition was very low. Phytoplankton biomass as measured by chlorophyll a concentration was very high all the year round and it was controlled by the combination of several factors especially of N/P ratio determined by dissolved inorganic nitrogen.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.46-56
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• 1997

Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) of Richards' parameter estimates, ginseng field soils were grouped as the principal component 1 (PC1) and the principal component 2 (PC2). The microflora and physico-chemical characteristics of each soil group were compared to elucidate soil environmental factors affecting the disease development of root rot of ginseng seedling. Among 3 soil groups by PC1, there were differences in the populations of total fungi (TF) and Cylindrocarpon plus Fusarium (C+F), and the population ratio of Cylindrocarpon plus Fusarium to total fungi or total bacteria (C+F/TF, C+F/TB) in rhizoplane of ginseng seedlings, the population of total actinomycetes (TA) and the population ratio of total Fusarium to total actinomycetes (Fus/TA) in soil, and soil chemical properties (EC, NO3-N, K, Mn, ect.). Among 4 soil groups by PC2, there were differences in TF, C+F, TB, C+F/TF and C+F/TB in the rhizoplane, Trichoderma plus Gliocladium (T+G) in soil, and P2O5 content in soil. Especially, EC, NO3-N, K, K/Mg and Mn were positively correlated to PC1, and TA was negatively to PC1; however, TF, C+F, TB, C+F/TF and C+F/TB in the rhizoplane were significantly correlated to PC2 positively. On the other hand, microbes in the rhizoplane were not significantly correlated to the stand-missing rate (SMR), although TA and Fe/Mn were negatively correlated, and pH and Ca were positively correlated to SMR.

• 환경생물
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2011

마산만의 수질변화와 chlorophyll-$a$의 관계를 밝히고자 이 해역을 대표할 수 있는 4개 정점에서 2010년 2월부터 2010년 11월까지 강우와 기온을 포함한 기후학적 요인, 물리 화학적 요인, 그리고 chlorophyll-$a$의 변화를 집중 조사하였다. 그 결과, 수온, 염분, SS, 규산염은 정점별 차이를 보이지 않았으며, COD 및 DIN은 마산만 내만으로 갈수록 증가하였다. 시계열적으로는 여름철 집중 강우 시 마산만 지류 하천 및 낙동강을 통해 담수가 유입되면서 염분의 급강하 및 SS량과 COD의 증가가 나타났다. 영양염류 중 DIN은 여름철 집중강우 시 일시적으로 증가하는 양상을 제외하고는 낮은 농도를 보였고 DIP와 규산염 또한 DIN과 유사한 양상을 보였다. 마산만에서 식물플랑크톤 성장에 영향을 주는 영양염류는 봄철 중반까지 규소와 인이 성장제한인자로 작용하고, 늦봄부터 가을까지는 질소원이 주 성장제한요인으로 작용할 것으로 판단된다. 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 늦겨울부터 봄철까지 chlorophyll-$a$ 농도는 수온, 염분, COD, DIP의 변화에 의해 영향을 받고 있었다. 여름철에는 봄철과 달리, 염분 및 COD, 강수량이 영향을 주고 있어, 여름철 집중강우에 따른 영향인자들에 의해 chlorophyll-$a$가 빠르게 변화됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 마산만 해역의 chlorophyll-$a$의 변화는 영양염류와 같은 화학적 인자의 영향과 함께, 수온 및 강수와 같은 물리적 인자에 의해 크게 영향을 받고 있다.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2009

The characteristics of physico-chemical factors and the species compositions of phytoplankton were investigated to analyze the marine ecosystem at the depths during summer in the coast of Dokdo (stations DOK1$\sim$3). The mean values of conductivity (32 mS cm$^{-1}$), total dissolved solids (45 mg L$^{-1}$), salinity (35.5 psu), total suspended solids (39 mg L$^{-1}$) were the highest in DOK1. The biomass (chl-${\alpha}$) of phytoplankton was the highest in the surface of station DOK1 (3.1 ${\mu}g$ L$^{-1}$). By means of physico-chemical factors (salinity, turbidity, chl-${\alpha}$, T-N, T-P and Si), the coast of Dokdo was estimated to be more polluted than the previous results in 2000. A total of 72 species in Dokdo were composed of 54 species (76.1%) for Bacillariophyceae and 13 species (18.3%) for Dinophyceae, 3 species (4.2%) for Chrysophyceae and 1 species (1.4%) for Cyanophyceae. The standing crops of phytoplankton were the highest (8.5 $\times$ 10$^4$ cells L$^{-1}$) at 20 m of station DOK1, while they were the lowest (1.65 $\times$ 10$^4$ cells L$^{-1}$) at 30 m of station 1. The dominance index was maximum (0.73) at 10 m of station DOK1 and was minimum (0.4) at 30 m of station 1. The diversity index was the highest (2.92) in the surface of station 2, while it was the lowest at 20 m (1.58). The dominant species of phytoplankton were Chaetoceros affinis (3.3 $\times$ 10$^4$ cells L$^{-1}$) at 20 m, Climacosphenia moniligera (2.8 $\times$ 10$^4$ cells L$^{-1}$) at 40 m and Melosira juergensii (1.7 $\times$ 10$^4$ cells L$^{-1}$) at 10 m of station DOK1. At the surface of station DOK2, the dominant species were Bacillaria paxillifer and Richelia intracellularis (1.4 $\times$ 10$^4$ cells L$^{-1}$, respectively), while it was Paralia sulcata (1.6 $\times$ 10$^4$ cells L$^{-1}$) at the surface of station DOK3. The station DOKl, where affected by upwelling, turbulence and convection due to the East Korean Warm Current, was the most eutrophicated water body in three stations. The monitoring of marine ecosystem in the coast of Dokdo should be continued to show the alternatives for water and species conservation and to purify the eutrophicated water body due to artificial pollutants as well as physico-chemical factors by the global warming, the climatic change, CO$_2$ etc.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.306-313
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• 2009

In the Upo wetland, physico-chemical factors were observed during the period from March 2005 to December 2007 on a monthly basis. In the Upo wetland, water temperatures ranged $3.4{\sim}34.5^{\circ}C$. Conductivities were in the range of 133~806 ${\mu}S\;cm^{-1}$, which showed about 140 ${\mu}S\;cm^{-1}$ below in comparison with the precedent studies. The pH levels were between 6.7~9.1 with lower level in summertime. The dissolved oxygens were between 0.06~18.23 mg $L^{-1}$. COD ranged 4.9~20.8 mg $L^{-1}$, and showed a tendency to decrease every year. Nitrogen nutrients such as nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3-N$), ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) and total nitrogen (T-P) showed that they were generally decreased in comparison with those in the precedent studies. However the total nitrogen (T-N) is still considerably higher than the standard concentration level of eutrophication and algal blooming. Phosphate phosphorus ($PO_4-P$) and total phosphorus (T-P) were also shown as to be reduced considerably comparing with the values in the precedent studies. However, It was found out that total phosphorus (T-P) was dissolved over the criteria concentration of eutrophication. The average of TN/TP ratio was 18 in the Upo wetland, which proved that phosphorus was the limiting factor to the growth of phytoplankton in the Upo wetland. The chl-$\alpha$ was the highest in wintertime and the lowest in summertime, and especially in 2006 summer when the cyanobacterial bloom developed, it showed extremely high concentration.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 2003년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.154.1-154
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• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 환경생물
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.272-279
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• 2012

이 연구는 해초에 부착하는 부착생물 군집의 생태학적 특성에 대한 두 번째 연구로서 해초가 서식하는 연안 환경의 물리화학적 요인 변화에 따른 부착조류를 포함한 부착생물의 변화양상을 이해하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 결과를 살펴보면, 1) 잘피는 수주의 온도와 정상관 관계를 보임으로써 잘피의 성장이 온도에 의해 큰 영향을 받고 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 2) 부착생물은 수온과는 상관관계를 보이지 않은 반면 수주의 염분과는 역상관 관계를 보였다. 이는 염분 25 이하 범위에서 서식이 용이한 미세규조 종들의 증가로 인한 것으로 보인다. 이는 영양염의 결과와도 일치하였는데, 3) 잘피의 성장과 총질산염 (TN)과는 역상관 관계를 보임으로써 수주에 총질산염이 낮을 때 잘피의 성장이 좋았으며, 4) 부착생물의 현존량과 인산염과는 유의성이 나타나지 않은 반면, 수주의 질산염, 아질산염 그리고 총질산염과는 정상관 관계를 나타냄으로써 부착생물의 성장에 질산염 계열의 영양염의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 영양염과 잘피의 성장, 그리고 부착생물의 현존량과의 상관관계 결과들을 종합해 보면 부착생물의 현존량 증가는 영양염의 증가로 인한 것이며, 이는 잘피의 성장을 감소시키는 원인-영향 과정과 깊은 관계가 있음을 나타내고 있다.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2008

영천, 경주 지역의 도덕산, 구미산, 인내산 주위의 주요 수계 하천의 중 상류 11$\sim$12개 지점에서 저서성 대형 무척추동물을 조사하였다. 수심, 유속, pH, 탁도(NTU), 전기전도도와 DO 등의 이화학적 환경도 측정하였다. 수심은 3.3$\sim$18.6 cm, 전기전도도는 35.5$\sim$223.1${\mu}s$, DO는 5.66$\sim$10.73 $mgL^{-1}$의 분포를 보였다. 대상 조사지점에서 총 78종이 출현하였으며, 수서곤충이 주로 채집되었다. 깔따구류가 전 출현개체수의 59$\sim$65%를 차지하여 가장 많이 조사되었으며, 다음으로는 하루살이류가 12$\sim$19%, 달팽이류가 5$\sim$14%를 차지한 것으로 조사되었다. 조사지점 중에서는 인내산이 가장 다양한 생물이 서식한 것으로 조사되었다. EPT 풍부도는 4$\sim$14로 나타났으며 인내산의 IN2, IN3지점에서 14를 보여 가장 높게 나타난 반면 가장 낮게 나타난 곳은 도덕산의 DD2, DD4지점으로 조사되었다.