• Applied Microscopy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.77-90
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• 1993

The mechanism by which blastocysts implant to uterine endometrium has not been clearly understood. In the present study, the following question was investigated: how are hormonal levels changed and how is uterine endometrium morphologically changed? Results obtained are as follows: Concentrations of serum estradiol and progesterone were significantly increased on day 4 and 5 of pregnancy. Uterine concentrations of PGE and $PGE_{2a}$ were sharply increased on day 1 and maintained similar concentrations thereafter, reaching the maximum on day 5. Both prostaglandins (PGs) concentrations were gradually decreased thereafter. Furthermore, concentrations of PGs in implant sites were greater than those in non-implant sites. PBR (pontamine blue reaction) in uterine endometrium was positive on day 6 of pregnancy, indicating that vascular permeability was increased. Edema and changes in structure of cell components were pronounced in stroma where PBR was developed. Moreover, these were more prominent in implant sites than non-implant sites. These results suggest that uterine PGs as well as steroid hormones increase during implantation in rats and these hormones might be involved in the process of implantation by modulating vascular permeability and the fine structures of uterine endometrial cells.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.364-367
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• 2011

Background: Prostaglandins (PGs) play pathogenic and protective roles in inflammatory diseases. The novel concept of PGs as immune modulators is being documented by several investigators. By establishing an in vitro experimental model containing human follicular dendritic cell-like cells, HK cells, we reported that HK cells produce prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) and prostaglandin $I_2$ ($PGI_2$) and that these PGs regulate biological functions of T and B cells. Methods: To investigate the respective contribution of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 to $PGE_2$ and $PGI_2$ production in HK cells, we performed siRNA technology to knock down COX enzymes and examined the effect on PG production. Results: Both $PGE_2$ and $PGI_2$ productions were almost completely inhibited by the depletion of COX-2. In contrast, COX-1 knockdown did not significantly affect PG production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Conclusion: The current results suggest that mPGES-1 and PGIS are coupled with COX-2 but not with COX-1 in human follicular dendritic cell (FDC) and may help understand the potential effects of selective COX inhibitors on the humoral immunity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.405-413
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• 2022

Hair loss is a common status found among people of all ages. Since the role of hair is much more related to culture and individual identity, hair loss can have a great influence on well-being and quality of life. It is a disorder that is observed in only scalp patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or alopecia areata caused by stress or immune response abnormalities. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutic medicines such as finasteride, and minoxidil improve hair loss temporarily, but when they stop, they have a limitation in that hair loss occurs again. As an alternative strategy for improving hair growth, many studies reported that there is a relationship between the expression levels of prostaglandins (PGs) and hair growth. Four major PGs such as prostaglandin D2 (PGD2₂), prostaglandin I2 (PGI₂), prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂), and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF_2α) are spatiotemporally expressed in hair follicles and are implicated in hair loss. This review investigated the physiological roles and pharmacological interventions of the PGs in the pathogenesis of hair loss and provided these novel insights for clinical therapeutics for patients suffering from alopecia.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1410-1411
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• 2008

본 연구에서 인덕터에 PGS를 삽입함으로써 인덕터의 품질계수를 향상하여 LNA의 잡음 지수 특성 향상에 대해 연구하였다. 인덕터의 품질계수를 향상시키기 위해 다구찌 실험계획법을 이용하여 인덕터에 삽입되는 PGS의 도체 면적이 최소화 할수록 품질계수를 높일 수 있다. PGS가 없는 인덕터와 PGS를 삽입한 인덕터를 LNA에 적용 시뮬레이션 하였다. PGS가 없는 인덕터 보다는 PGS가 있는 인덕터를 사용함으로써 LNA의 전력 이득과 잡음 지수 특성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 1991

This study was devised to observe the inhibitory effect of 7 kinds of the acidic polysaccharide fraction(PGI, PGa, PG3, PGa, PGs, PG6 and PG7) from Korean white ginseng on a lipolytic action of Toxohormone-L. Toxohormone-L is a lipolytic factor, found in ascites fluid of .sarcoma -180 bearing mice and of patients with hepatoma. A substace that inhibited the lipolytic action of Toxohormone-L was isolated from white ginseng powder. This substance was an acidic polysaccharides. In vitro test showed that the inhibitory effect of PGs fraction of the lipolysis by Toxohormone-L was highest percent among other treatments at concentration of 50, 10, 200, 500 and 1,000 Ug/ml of reaction mixture. And total inhibitory activity(units) of PGI and PG4 was highest among other treatments at the same concentration and that of 10 Ug/ml.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.175-182
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• 2006

A new halacarid species, Agaue laeviunguis n. sp. from Youngil Bay, Pohang City, South Korea is described. In sharing the character combination of three dorsal setae on PE, lacking dorsal seta anterior to insertion of leg IV, three ventral setae on PE, female PGS adjacent to GF, telofemora devoid of fovea, well developed smooth cerotegumental lamella on all telofemora, presence of accessory process on all lateral claws, long gnathosoma, and a smooth seta on P2 in both sexes, this species resembles A. subglabra Bartsch from Australia. The species, however, is clearly distinguished from A. subglabra by its larger body, claws of tarsi II-IV without ventral pecten, and much more PGS in female. Description of proto- and deutonymphs are also provided.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1987

In the present study, hormonal changes in uterine tissue and circulation were evaluated during the implantation period in rats in order to understand the mechanism by which implantation takes place. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Concentrations of serum estradiol and progesterone were significantly increased on days 4 and 5. 2. Concentration of estrogen receptor reached maximum on day 5 when implantation normally occurred in rats. On the other hand, progesterone receptor was gradually decreased, reaching the lowest on day 5. 3. Uterine PGs and cAMP concentrations were significantly increased on day 5. 4. Uterine PGs and cAMP concentrations in implant sites were significantly greater than those in non-implant sites. It is, therefore, concluded that prostaglandins and cAMP in uterine tissue as well as circulating ovarian steroid hormones were increased during the period of implantation, suggesting that these hormones might be actively involved in the process of implantation in rats.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.378.1-378.1
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• 2002

Prostaglandins (PGs) and nitric oxide (NO) are essential to maintain homeostasis and defensa systems in human beings. However. overproduced PGs and NO by inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), respectively. cause tissue damages. chronic inflammation. and carcinogenesis. In this view. the potential COX-2 or iNOS inhibitors have been considered as anti-inflammatory or cancer chemopreventive agents. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.214.1-214.1
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• 2003

MeOH extract obtained from the Kochia scoparia (KS) was observed to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), prostaglandins (PGs) and nitric oxide(NO) production in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. These effects of MeOH-KS were based on modulation of iNOS and COX-2 level. Western blot analysis showed that MeOH-KS reduced the iNOS and COX-2 level in LPS activated macrophages, in a dose dependent manner without cNOS and COX-1 protein level. (omitted)

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1301-1310
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this case study was to report the effects of Korean medicine treatment on a patient diagnosed with postgastrectomy syndrome (PGS). Methods: The patient was treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion in combination with Western medicine for 3 months. Results: Though abdominal tenderness was maintained at a similar level, other clinical symptoms (epigastric pain, globus pharyngis, and epigastric pain) were improved after Korean medicine treatment. Conclusions: These results suggest that the need to promote practical research on PGS, should receive greater attention in the Korean medical community.