• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.351-355
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• 1995

A truncated Polygalacturonase (PG) cDNA was fused in reverse orientation to the CaMV 35S promoter of the binary vector pCA643, and introduced into tomato cells by Agrobaderium - mediated transformation. Transformed cells were selected using kanamycin as select agent then regenerated into plants. After selfed, one transgenic line (T9), was germinated and grown on MS medium containing 1 mg/mL of kanamycin Genomic Southern analysis of a T9 progeny with labelled PG2 cDNA probe showed a single antisense PC fragment as well as the endogenous PG2 gene, suggesting that PC antisense gene was integrated into tomato genome. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the antisense RNA was produced from the transgene at much tiger level than the endogenous PG2 gene. Polygalacturonase activity analysis of the fruit from transgenic plants demonstrated that the antisense transgene expression caused 4 to 60% reduction of endogenous PG activity.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.206-219
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the influence of local application of thymoquinone (TQ) on bone healing in experimental bone defects infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG). Methods: Forty-two female rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. A bone defect was created on the right tibia of all animals. The PG, PG/collagen membrane (COL) and PG/TQ/COL groups were infected with PG. In the COL and PG/COL groups, the defects were covered with a COL; in the TQ/COL and PG/TQ/COL groups, the defects were covered with a TQ-containing COL. After 28 days, all animals were sacrificed. Quantitative measurements of new bone formation and osteoblast lining, as well as semiquantitative measurements of capillary density and tissue response, were analyzed. Furthermore, the presence of bacterial infections in defect areas was evaluated. Results: The new bone formation, osteoblast number, and capillary density were significantly higher in the TQ groups than in the control groups (P<0.001, P<0.001, and P<0.01, respectively). In a comparison between the TQ/COL group, with a TQ-containing COL (TQ/COL), and the PG-infected TQ-containing COL (PG/TQ/COL) group, the newly formed bone and capillary density were higher in the TQ/COL group (P<0.01). When the control group was compared to the PG, PG/COL, and PG/TQ/COL groups in terms of tissue response, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001, P=0.02, and P=0.041, respectively). The intensity of the inflammatory cell reaction was higher in the PG, PG/COL, and PG/TQ/COL groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the local application of a TQ-containing COL positively affected bone healing even if the bone defects were infected. The results suggest that TQ increased angiogenesis and showed promise for accelerating bone defect healing. Further research is warranted to support these findings and reach more definitive conclusions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.548-561
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• 2015

Atmospheric concentrations of polychlorinated dibezo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) were investigated at urban-residential (Group I: Suwon, Guri and Goyang), industrial (Group II: Ansan, Siheung and Bucheon), urban-rural mixed (Group III: Yangju, Pocheon and Dongducheon) and rural regions (Group IV: Yangpyeong) in Gyeonggi-do from February 2012 to November 2012 quarterly. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.018 to $0.109pgTEQm^{-3}$ in Group I (mean value: $0.061pgTEQm^{-3}$), 0.059 to $0.367pgTEQm^{-3}$ in Group II (mean value: $0.179pgTEQm^{-3}$), 0.072 to $0.836pgTEQm^{-3}$ in Group III (mean value: $0.334pgTEQm^{-3}$) and 0.014 to $0.066pgTEQm^{-3}$ in Group IV (mean value: $0.034pgTEQm^{-3}$), respectively. In spite of the less PCDD/F emission sources than Group II (industrial regions), the level of PCDD/Fs in urban-rural mixed area showed the highest values with high fluctuation. It's likely that the Group III was affected by fugitive emissions such like biomass burning and unregulated open burning. The mean contribution of particle phase to total PCDD/F concentration was above 83% because most of PCDD/F congeners were partitioned into particle phase. We evaluated their gas-to-particles equilibriums with the regression between the particle-gas partition coefficient, $K_P(m^3{\mu}g^{-1})$ and corresponding subcooled liquid vapor pressure ($P_L$). The logarithm-$K_P$ of PCDD/Fs was poorly correlated with $P_L$ at low ambient temperature (below $10^{\circ}C$) and the slope (m) values for log-log plots of the $K_P$ vs. $P_L$ was steeper in the Group 2 and Group 3 than residential area. It implies that the slope values were likely influenced by both the direct emission source of PCDD/Fs and ambient temperature.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 1997

This study was performed to determine if women with day 3 serum inhibin-B concentrations <45pg/ml (conversion factor to SI unit, 1.00) demonstrate a poor response to ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technology outcome to women with inhibin-B${\ge}45pg$/ml, independant of day 3 FSH, E2 and patient age. From Jan 1996 to Dec 1996, 16 volunteers patients who underwent 25 IVF cycles with luteal phase GnRH agonist suppression and HMG stimulation were allocated to the study group. We evaluated day 3 serum inhibin-B, FSH, E2, peak E2, cancellation rate per initiated cycle (%) and clinical pregnancy rate per initiated cycle (%) according to the above two groups and independent of patient age, day 3 FSH, day 3 E2 and all of above combined. Women with day 3 serum inhibin-B${\ge}45pg$/ml demonstrated higher average day 3 inhibin-B level, clinical pregnancy rate per initiated cycle ($20.3{\pm}2.5$ pg/ml vs $80.9{\pm}5.0$ pg/ml, p<0.05; 24.8% vs 8.5%, p<0.05) and lower day 3 FSH level, cancellation rate per initiated cycle ($6.9{\pm}0.3$ mIU/ml vs $8.5{\pm}0.5$ mIU/ml, p<0.05; 1.5% vs 9.0%, p<0.05). Women with day 3 serum inhibin${\ge}45pg$/ml and age<40 year demonstrated higher pregnancy rate per initiated cycle (28.2% vs 7.4%, p<0.05) and lows. day 3 FSH level, cancellation rate per initiated cycle ($6.9{\pm}0.5$ mIU/ml vs $8.2{\pm}0.7$ mIU/ml, p<0.05; 1.0% vs 9.0%, p<0.05). Women with day 3 serum inhibin${\ge}45pg$/ml and day 3 FSH<15mIU/ml demonstrated higher pregnancy rate per initiated cycle (33.5% vs 9.5%, p<0.05) and lower day 3 FSH level, cancellation rate per initiated cycle ($7.7{\pm}0.2$ mIU/ml vs $8.5{\pm}0.5$ mIU/ml, p<0.05; 1.5% vs 10.0%, p<0.05). Women with day 3 serum inhibin${\ge}45pg$/ml and day 3 E2<50pg/ml demonstrated higher pregnancy rate per initiated cycle (30.0% vs 9.5%, p<0.05) and lower cancellation rate per initiated cycle (1.5% vs 9.5%, p<0.05). Women with day 3 serum inhibin${\ge}45pg$/ml, age<40 year, day 3 FSH<15mIU/ml and day 3 E2<50pg/ml demonstrated higher pregnancy rate per initiated cycle (30.0% vs 10.8%, p<0.05) and lower day 3 FSH level, cancellation rate per initiated cycle ($6.8{\pm}0.6$ mIU/ml vs $8.4{\pm}0.9$ mIU/ml, p<0.05; 1.5% vs 7.8%, p<0.05). Therefore women with low day 3 serum inhibin-B concentrations demonstrate a poorer response to ovulation induction and are less likely to conceive a clinical pregnancy though ART relative to women with high day 3 inhibin-B and day 3 serum inhibin-B, in addition to a day 3 FSH, E2 and patient age, appears helpful in prediction in IVF-ET outcome.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.251-264
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• 1999

본 연구는 조기발병형 치주염의 서로 다른 4가지 표현형에 있어서 Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) 381과 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans(Aa) Y4에 대한 상승된 IgG subclass의 양상을 평가하기 위해 시행하였다. Subform I(distinctive localized juvenile periodontitis pattern)에서 3명 subform II(post juvenile periodontitis pattern)에서 19명, subform III (localized but rapidly progressing pattern)에서 15명, subform IV(distinctive rapidly progressing periodontitis pattern)에서 15명의 환자를 조사하여 Pg에 대한 그들의 total IgG level과 각각의 IgG subclass level 및 Aa에 대한 IgG level을 검사했다. Pg에 대한 total IgG level은 subform II와 IV보다 subform I과 III에서 훨씬 높게 나타났다. IgG3 level이 subform I과 IV사이에서 현저한 차이가 있다는 점을 제외하고는, 다른 IgG subclass level에서 subform 사이에 아무런 차이가 없었다. Pg에 대한 IgG subclass는 single class 혹은 다양한 group에서 상승되어 나타났으며, IgG1+2+4가 가장 흔하게 발견되었고, 다음으로 IgG4 단독, IgG2 단독, IgG2+4, IgG2+3+4의 순으로 발견되었다. IgG2와 IgG4가 빈번히 상승되어 발견되었는데, 특히 severe form(subform III & IV)에서 그러했다. 뿐만 아니라, IgG level은 subform II, III, IV와 일치하여 점차적으로 증가하였고, 반면에 IgG1/IgG4 ratio는 그와 일치하여 감소되었다. 이러한 ratio의 감소는 단백질성의 오래된 항원의 과부하로 인해 immunoglobulin gene의 전환을 가능하게 한다는 것을 나타내고 있다. Aa에 대한 IgG2 level은 다른 유형보다 subform I에서 상당히 높았다. Pg에 대한 IgG2 levels이 subform I의 국소 부위에서 발생하는 disease activity와 밀접한 관련이 있으며, Aa의 경우에는 이러한 관련성이 나타나지 않았다. Pg에 대한 IgG2 level은 18-25세에서 훨씬 높은 동시에 26-35세에서는 감소했으며 결국 30대 후반에서는 더 높은 수치로 되돌아갔다. 이러한 결과는 Pg에 대한 IgG2 및 IgG responsiveness (single 혹은 combined)가 EOP의 severe form의 발달에 중요하게 작용하며 IgG2 levels은 IgG1/IgG4 ratio와 더불어 EOP의 localized type이 generalized type으로 계속 진행하는 것을 조절하는 역할을 하는 것으로 보인다는 것을 강하게 시사하였다.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2016

Objectives : The study was designed to observe the effect of Polygalae Radix Preparata Cum Glycyrrhizae Radix on 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)-induced apoptosis in PC-12 cell.Methods : A cytotoxic test on Polygalae Radix Preparata Cum Glycyrrhizae Radix (PG) was conducted and another MTT assay was conducted to observe the cytoprotective effect against 4-HNE that cause oxidative stress. In addition, in order to observe the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and TNF-α protein involved with apoptosis, western blot was conducted.Results : The groups treated with 25 ㎍, 50 ㎍ and 100 ㎍ of PG water extract had no toxicity for PC-12 cell. The groups treated with 25 ㎍, 50 ㎍ and 100 ㎍ of PG water extract showed a significant increase of cell survival rate in comparison with the control group injected by only 4-HNE. The groups treated with 25 ㎍ and 50 ㎍ of PG water extract showed a significant supression on increase of Bax protein expression in the control group. The group treated with 100 ㎍ of PG water extract showed a significant promotion on decrease of Bcl-2 protein expression in the control group. The group treated with 50 ㎍ of PG water extract showed a significant supression on increase of Caspase-3 protein expression in the control group. The group treated with 25 ㎍ of PG water extract showed a significant supression on increase of TNF-α protein expression in the control group.Conclusions : These results suggest that Polygalae Radix Preparata Cum Glycyrrhizae Radix is effective in reducing apoptosis by 4-HNE-dameged cell.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.576-581
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• 1993

Polygalacturonase(PG) was extracted from Chinese cabbage and partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion-exchange chromatography. Three fractions, D-PG, C-1 PG, and C-2 PG, were separated by CM-Sephadex C-25 column chromatography and FPLC Mono Q HR 5/5 or Mono S HR 5/5 column and their physicochemical characteristics were investigated. All three fractions had optimum pH and temperature of 4.5 and $65^{\circ}C$, and were stable in the range of pH $4.5{\sim}8.0$. These fractions were inhibited by 0.8mM $CaCl_2$ or 0.6M NaCl. In the thermal inactivation of PC isozymes at $65{\sim}80^{\circ}C$, z-values were $8.4{\sim}9.3^{\circ}C$ and D-values at $80^{\circ}C$ were In the range of $120{\sim}126s$. Thermodynamic constants were calculated from thermal inactivation data of the isozymes and were applicable to estimation of thermal process time of retort pouched Kimchi.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 1995

The antiulcer effects of newly synthesized prostaglandin derivatives were investigated in various experimental ulcer models and on gastric secretion in rats. HK-3 and HK-4, PG $E_2$derivatives, prevented the formation of acute gastric ulcer induced by ethanol or aspirin in pylorus-ligated rats. The ulcer formation was moderately inhibited by HK-1 and HK-2, PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ derivatives, and aggravated by SK-1, SK-2 and SK-3, PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ derivatives. HK-3 and HK-4 reduced the volume, acid output and pepsin output of gastric juice in pylorus-ligated rats. The gastric perfusion with physiologic saline(pH 6.0) showed relatively constant acid secretion and indomethacin increased the acid secretion. The acid secretion was markedly decreased by PG $E_2$but PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ caused little change. Prostaglandin derivatives, especially HK-3 arid HK-4, significantly inhibited the acid secretion induced by indomethacin. The results show that, PG $E_2$ derivatives, HK-3 and HK-4, inhibit acid secretion and also have protective effects on gastric ulceration induced by ethanol or aspirin.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.120-125
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• 1984

The study was carried out to find out the changes of hormone levels in blood serum and milk of Holstein cows during the estrous cycle. The progesterone, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ from the blood serum and milk samples were assayed by radioimmunoassay methods. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. The progesterone levels in blood serum during the estrous cycles began to decline rapidly at 2 days before estrus, decreased to $0.27{\pm}0.18ng/ml$ at on the day of estrus, and reached a peak mean level of $3.33{\pm}0.47ng/ml$ at 15 days after estrus. 2. The progesterone levels in milk during the estrous cycles began to decline rapidly at 2 days before estrus, decreased to $0.80{\pm}0.18ng/ml$ on the day of estrus, and increased a peak mean level of $3.80{\pm}0.36ng/ml$ at 15 days after estrus. 3. The estradiol-$17{\beta}$ levels in blood serum during the estrous cycles showed a peak mean level of $9.79{\pm}1.72pg/ml$ on the day of estrus, and decreased from $4.79{\pm}1.82pg/ml$ to $5.73{\pm}0.96pg/ml$ at luteal phase. 4. The estradiol-$17{\beta}$ levels in milk during the estrous cycles showed a peak mean level of $36.80{\pm}2.04pg/ml$ on the day of estrus, and decreased from $18.93{\pm}0.84pg/ml$ to $19.50{\pm}1.12pg/ml$ at luteal phase. 5. During 20 to 25 days after artificial insemination, the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis from the blood serum progesterone levels were 87.5% for non pregnant cows (<2.0ng/ml), and 83.3% for pregnant cows ($${\geq_-}$$3.0 ng/ml). The accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis from the milk progesterone levels were 75.0% for non-pregnant cows (<2.4 ng/ml), and 94.4% for pregnant cows ($${\geq_-}$$3.2 ng/ml).

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.351-363
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercise on the back pain index, pelvic tilt angle, and physical fitness of pregnant women with low back pain. Methods: All study participants, all of whom had pregnancy-induced back pain, were randomly assigned to either a Pilates exercise group (PG, n = 8) or control group (CG, n = 7). The PG performed a Pilates exercise for 50 minutes three times a week for eight weeks. The back pain scale and pelvic tilt angle were measured using a visual analogue scale and angulometer, respectively. Cardiopulmonary endurance, flexibility, and grip strength were measured to examine the physical fitness. The variables were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with the Holm-Sidak post hoc procedure. Results: Back pain in the PG significantly decreased from 4.69 ± 1.28 to 1.06 ± 0.94, whereas the CG showed significantly increased back pain from 2.63 ± 2.20 to 4.71 ± 2.56. The left pelvic angle in the PG showed a significant decrease from 13.94 ± 3.70° to 12.29 ± 2.95°, while the CG showed a non-significant difference from 13.07 ± 4.42° to 17.37 ± 3.13°. The right pelvic angle in the PG showed a significant decrease from 13.50 ± 4.47° to 10.34 ± 3.66°, while a non-significant difference in the CG from 44 ± 4.98° to 15.30 ± 3.61° was found. These results showed that the regular participation in Pilates exercise was effective in reducing the pelvic tilt angle. In terms of physical fitness, the PG showed a significant increase in cardiopulmonary endurance, flexibility, and grip strength. However, the CG showed any significance increase in those variables. Conclusion: Eight weeks of Pilates exercise was associated with a decrease in lower back pain, a maintained or reduced pelvic tilt angle, and increased cardiopulmonary endurance, grip strength, and flexibility in pregnant woman with lumbar pain.