PNF and Movement

Korea Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Association (대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Pilates Exercise on Pelvic Angle, Back Pain, and Physical Fitness in Pregnant Woman with Lumbar Pain

필라테스 운동이 임신성 요통을 가진 임산부의 골반 경사각 및 건강 체력에 미치는 영향

  • Kwon, Na-Eun (Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Kyungsung University) ;
  • Choi, Seung-Jun (Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Kyungsung University)
  • 권나은 (경성대학교 스포츠건강학과) ;
  • 최승준 (경성대학교 스포츠건강학과)
  • Received : 2020.07.28
  • Accepted : 2020.09.03
  • Published : 2020.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercise on the back pain index, pelvic tilt angle, and physical fitness of pregnant women with low back pain. Methods: All study participants, all of whom had pregnancy-induced back pain, were randomly assigned to either a Pilates exercise group (PG, n = 8) or control group (CG, n = 7). The PG performed a Pilates exercise for 50 minutes three times a week for eight weeks. The back pain scale and pelvic tilt angle were measured using a visual analogue scale and angulometer, respectively. Cardiopulmonary endurance, flexibility, and grip strength were measured to examine the physical fitness. The variables were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with the Holm-Sidak post hoc procedure. Results: Back pain in the PG significantly decreased from 4.69 ± 1.28 to 1.06 ± 0.94, whereas the CG showed significantly increased back pain from 2.63 ± 2.20 to 4.71 ± 2.56. The left pelvic angle in the PG showed a significant decrease from 13.94 ± 3.70° to 12.29 ± 2.95°, while the CG showed a non-significant difference from 13.07 ± 4.42° to 17.37 ± 3.13°. The right pelvic angle in the PG showed a significant decrease from 13.50 ± 4.47° to 10.34 ± 3.66°, while a non-significant difference in the CG from 44 ± 4.98° to 15.30 ± 3.61° was found. These results showed that the regular participation in Pilates exercise was effective in reducing the pelvic tilt angle. In terms of physical fitness, the PG showed a significant increase in cardiopulmonary endurance, flexibility, and grip strength. However, the CG showed any significance increase in those variables. Conclusion: Eight weeks of Pilates exercise was associated with a decrease in lower back pain, a maintained or reduced pelvic tilt angle, and increased cardiopulmonary endurance, grip strength, and flexibility in pregnant woman with lumbar pain.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by Kyungsung University Research Grants in 2019.

References

  1. Altan L, Korkmaz N, Bingol U, et al. Effect of Pilates training on people with fibromyalgia syndrome: a pilot study. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2009;90(12):1983-1988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2009.06.021
  2. Ann NY, Kim KJ. Changes of physical fitness and body balance after Pilates rehabilitation training in golfers. International Journal of Coaching Science. 2012;14(3):153-160.
  3. Artal R, O'toole M. Guidelines of the American college of obstetricians and gynecologists for exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period. British journal of sports medicine. 2003;37(1):6-12. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.1.6
  4. Barakat R, Lucia A, Ruiz, JR. Resistance exercise training during pregnancy and newborn's birth size: a randomized controlled trial. International journal of obesity. 2009;33(9):1048-1057. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.150
  5. Birsner ML, Gyamfi-Bannerman C. Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period. American College of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2020;135(4):178-188.
  6. Bollock JE. Jull G. Bollock MI. The relationship of low back pain to the postural changes of pregnancy. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 1987;33(1):11-17.
  7. Brown SE, Clippinger K. Rehabilitation of anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency in a dancer using the clinical reformer and a balanced body exercise method. Work. 1996;7(2):109-114.
  8. Carpes FP, Reinehr FB, Mota CB. Effects of a program for trunk strength and stability on pain, low back and pelvis kinematics, and body balance: a pilot study. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies. 2008;12(1):22-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2007.05.001
  9. Chae BW, Kim KS, Hwang PH, et al. Effects of Pilates exercise on senior fitness test and reaction time of the elderly. The Korean Society of Sports Science. 2017;26(6):1169-1179.
  10. Cho JH, Lee UY. Effects of lumbar stabilization exercise on lordosis angle and muscular strength in posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery patients. Journal of Korean Living Environment System. 2010;17(6):667-674.
  11. Cho NY. 12-week Pilates mat exercise on body composition, lumbar muscle strength, low back pain and pregnancy stress in pregnant women. Korea Sports National University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2018.
  12. Cowlin AF. Women's fitness program development. Champaign. Human Kinetics. 2002.
  13. Culligan PJ, Scherer J, Dyer K, et al. A randomized clinical trial comparing pelvic floor muscle training to a Pilates exercise program for improving pelvic muscle strength. International urogynecology journal. 2010;21(4):401-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-009-1046-z
  14. Fast A, Hertz G. Nocturnal low back pain in pregnancy: polysomnographic correlates. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 1992;28(34):251-253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.1992.tb00807.x
  15. Fiori JD. The pregnancy exercise book. Dublin. Gill & Macmillan Ltd. 2000.
  16. Foster DN, Fulton MN. Back pain and the exercise prescription. Clinics in sports medicine. 1991;10(1):197-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-5919(20)30667-0
  17. Helen MB, Jean LB, Stephanie LS. Land-based exercise during pregnancy. International Journal of Childbirth Education. 2015;30(3):37-41.
  18. Hodges PW, Gandevia SC. Activation of the human diaphragm during a repetitive postural task. The Journal of physiology. 2000;522(1):165-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00165.xm
  19. Hibbs AE, Thompson KG, French D, et al. Optimizing performance by improving core stability and core strength. Sports medicine. 2008;38(12):995-1008. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838120-00004
  20. Jang SI, Lee YR, Kwak HS, et al. The effect of balanced incline shoes on walking and feet for the pregnant women. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science. 2010;53(11):988-997.
  21. Jeon HJ, Hwang KJ. Effects of 12 weeks of Pilates exercise on body composition, pelvis and vertebra posture in ballerina dancers. The Korean Journal of Dance Research. 2012;12(1):1-10.
  22. Jeon YN. Effects of Pilates mat work on the pelvic floor muscles, health-related fitness and metabolic syndrome risk factors in puerperium women. Busan National University. Dissertation of Doctorate Degree. 2008.
  23. Jeon YN, Park JJ, Yang JH. Effects of exercise on the health-related fitness, postpartum depression and body weight in puerperium period during pregnancy. The Asian Journal of Kinesiology. 2013;15(3):123-130. https://doi.org/10.15758/JKAK.2013.15.3.123
  24. Jun SH. The effect of exercise experience of pregnancy on back pain and delivery self-efficacy. Journal of Korean Physical Education Association for Girls and Women. 2008;22(2):229-242.
  25. Jung HM. The effects of Pilates exercise on health physical fitness, immunoglobulins and sex hormones in female college students. Chonnam National University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2010.
  26. Jung I. The effects of 8-week Pilates exercise on isokinetic trunk strength and balance of female middle school students with lumbage. Kyungsung University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2016.
  27. Kim JK. The effects of the Pilates mat work on postnatal women's body composition and lumbar muscular strength. Kyungsung University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2012.
  28. Kim JK. The effects of the Pilates mat work on postnatal women's body composition and lumbar muscular strength. Korea University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2012.
  29. Kim SA. Effects of exercise program on pregnant women's physical health. Hanyang University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2004.
  30. Kim SY, Kim KS. Prevalence of back pain in pregnancy. The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy. 1998;4(1):71-82.
  31. Kumaran PS, Tamilvanan M. Effects of exercise on infant birth weight and gestational age in pregnant women. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 2013;3(8):1-4.
  32. Kristiansson P, Svardsudd K, von Schoultz B. Back pain during pregnancy: a prospective study. Spine. 1996;21(6):702-708. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199603150-00008
  33. Lee OJ. The effect of dynamic aquarobic exercise for pregnancy on adiposity & weight gain patterns. Korea National Sport University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2009.
  34. Lee JH. Effect of 12 weeks' Pilates matwork on health related physical fitness and serum lipid-lipoprotein in college females. Official Journal of the Koeran Society of Dance Science. 2009;18(0):1-12.
  35. Lee KC, Lee DY, Ryu JH. The effects of regular Pilates exercise on blood pressure and pulmonary variables. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society. 2011;12(7):3088-3095. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2011.12.7.3088
  36. Lee YS. A study on the pregnant women's exercise program. Journal of Korean Physical Education Association for Girls and Women. 1987;1(1):34-64.
  37. Leinonen V, Kankaanpaa M, Airaksinen O, et al. Back and hip extensor activities during trunk flexion/extension effects of low back pain and rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2000;81(1):32-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90218-1
  38. Lim SA, Jung KJ. Regular Yoga practice and mental training beneficially affects physical and mental status of primipara. Korean Society for Wellness. 2015;10(1):271-281.
  39. Lim HJ, Suh SH, Lim HA, et al. Effects of physical activity levels on impaired glucose tolerance and blood inflammatory markers during pregnancy. Exercise Sciences. 2009;18(3):409-418. https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2009.18.3.409
  40. Lisi, AJ. Chiropractic spinal manipulation for low back pain of pregnancy: a retrospective case series. Journal of Midwifery & Woman's Health. 2006;51(1):7-10.
  41. Mantle MJ, Greenwood RM, Currey HLF. Backache in pregnancy. Rheumatology and Rehabilitation. 1977;16(2):95-101. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/16.2.95
  42. Mogren IM. Previous physical activity decreases the risk of low back pain and pelvic pain during pregnancy. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 2005;33(4):300-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/14034940510005743
  43. Mogren IM, Pohjanen AI. Low back pain and pelvic pain during pregnancy: prevalence and risk factors. Spine. 2005;30(8):983-991. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000158957.42198.8e
  44. Moon WN, Kim CW, Shin HC. Physical fitness and symptom - giving pelvic girdle relaxation in pregnant women. The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine. 2001;19(2):14-19.
  45. Ostgaard HC, Andersson GBJ. Previous back pain and risk of developing back pain in a future pregnancy. Spine. 1991;16(4):432-436. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199104000-00008
  46. Ostgaard HC, Zetherstrom G, Roos-Hansson E. Back pain in relation to pregnancy; a 6-years follow - up. Spine. 1997;22(24):2945-2950. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199712150-00018
  47. Ostis, CA. Joint structure and function: a comprehensive analysis, 2nd ed. Philadelphia. Davis Company. 1992.
  48. Park CS. The effect of Pilates exercise on the body composition and health fitness of senior women. Woosuk University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2013.
  49. Park HJ. The effect of exercise for pregnant women on the body composition at before and birth. Mookwon University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2002.
  50. Park YW. Normal cardiopulmonary physiology in pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science. 2000;43(1):5-10.
  51. Rooks DS, Kiel DP, Parsons C, et al. Self-paced resistance training and walking exercise in community-dwelling older adults: effects on neuromotor performance. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 1997;52(3):M161-M168. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/52A.3.M161
  52. Seo JJ. The effects of mat Pilates on body composition, lumber muscle and flexibility of middle-aged women. Korea University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2017.
  53. Shim MJ. The effect of a pain-reducing program on lumbar and posterior pelvic pain during pregnance. Chonnam National University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2002.
  54. Shin BK. Effects of Swiss ball exercise on low back pain, health-related fitness and blood lipid profile in pregnant women. Buan National University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2011.
  55. Song SH. The effects of the combined exercise with Pilates and yoga on the lumbar muscle strengthening and balance of middle-aged women. Kyunghee University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2015.
  56. Stuge B, Laerum E, Kirkesola G, et al. The efficacy of a treatment program focusing on specific stabilizing exercises for pelvic girdle pain after pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Spine. 2004;29(4):351-359. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.0000090827.16926.1D
  57. Yu BK, Jung SY, Kim MN, et al. The effects of Pilates mat exercise in 8 weeks on twenty-aged women's body composition, lumbar muscle strength and flexibility. Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 2008;4(1):61-66.
  58. Yun MJ, Kim KJ. Effects of 8 weeks Pilates for the body balance, posture and pain in players of tennis, archery, and athletics. Health & Sports Medicine. 2012;14(3):103-113.
  59. Yun SH, Park KH, Yun SW. Effect of 12 week of Pilates exercise on flexibility, muscular strength and body composition of university women students. Korean Journal of Sport Science. 2007;18(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2007.18.1.1