• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제5권
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• pp.143-157
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• 1987

In order to determine the design precipitation, the most probable daily precipitation and annual precipitation at every spot are calculated and iso - precipitation line are drawn. Probability of precipitation and drought phenomena of each gage station are analyzied by the method of frequency analysis from the statistical conceptions. The results summarized in this study are as the follows. 1. Annual mean precipitation in kyungpook area are 1044 mm, about 115 mm less than annual mean precipitation of Korea amounts to l1S9mm, and found to regionally unequal. 2. Monthly mean rainfall of July is 242.2mm, 23.2%, August 174.2mm, 16.7%, June 115mm, 11% and September 114.2mm, 10.9% and Rainfall depth of July-August are more than 40% of annual precipition. This shows notable summer rainy weather by typoon and low pressure storm and seasonal unbalance of water supply. 3. The relation among the maximum precipi.tation per day, per two continuous days and per three contnous days are caculated and the latter is found 31.0% increased rate of the first and the last 48.2% increased rate of first. 4. Probability precipitation in Kyungpook area are shown as 9.0%(5 year), 13.3%(10 year), 17.7%(20 year), 23.1%(50 year), 27.0%(100 year) and 31.1%(200 year) increased rate of each recurrence year compared with observed average annual precipitation. 5. From annual precipitation and maximum daily rainfall data probability of precipitation and precipitation isohyetal line are derived which shown as Table 11 and Fig. 8. 6. Drought days are divided 6 class and analysed results are shown on table 12. Average occurrence time of 10-14 continuous drought days are 2.3 time per year, 15-19 days are 0.9 time per year, 20-24 days are one per six years, 30-34 days are once per nine years and over than 35days are once per 25 years.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.17-35
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• 2018

This study is to evaluate economic value of the ecosystem service benefits of the marine forests provided to our society on the basis of the global standard valuation manual. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: First, the ecosystem service benefits of marine forests are worth 771,121,551 won per hectare for a year in Korea. Second, when evaluating value based on the services benefits of the marine forests, as resource provisioning service, the annual value of the fishery potential production amounts to 58,512,271 won per hectare. The annual value of the environmental and regulatory services is estimated to total 29,574,000 won per hectare including 546,488 won per hectare for climate regulation, 85,342 won per hectare for pollution purification, and 28,942,170 won per hectare for erosion protection. The annual value of the culture and tourinsm services is estimated to total 15,317,647 won per hectare including 5,011,765 won per hectare for skin scuba service and 10,305,882 won per hectare for sea fishing. Also, the aunnual non-use value is estimate to 637,800,000 won per hectare. Third, assuming that the value of the sea forests increases proportionally to the unit area, the marine forests can be valued at 12.7 trillion won per year based on 12,208.2 hectares of marine forests creation area and 4,272.6 hectares of natural seaweed beds. Fourth, the total economic value of the marine forests can be estimated at 244 trillion won in 2016, if the value of the marine forests permanently continues in the future by applying 5.5% of the social discount rate. The results of this study are expected to serve as a valuable information for improving awareness of the value of marine forests ecosystem and ensuring the validity of the marine forests creation policy by converting the value of the marine forests's ecosystem service into monetary units.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.2-14
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• 2018

Purpose: The objective of this study was to report the incidence of falls in hospitals and analyze the risk factors for falls. Methods: This study used data on 1,216 patients who experienced falls from 2015 to 2017 during their hospitalization. The data was collected from the falls incident reports and patient' electronic medical record of hospital. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and multiple Poisson regression analysis with the SAS 9.4 Results: The incidence of falls was 1.38 per 1,000 patients days (2015), 1.81 per 1,000patients days (2016) and 1.99 per 1,000patients days (2017). The incidence of injury caused by falls (level III~V) was 0.05 per 1,000patients days (2015), 0.04 per 1,000patients days (2016) and 0.06 per 1,000patients days (2017). The largest number of falls occurred during night shift (42.5%), specifically in the patients' room (70.8%), and medical unit (66.0%). Average age of fallers was 69.1 years and 61.7% of them were older than 71 years. CCI and the patient's department have statistically significant differences in injury or injury levels from falls, but the integrated nursing care services had no significant difference in injury or injury levels from falls. Conclusion: The result of this study can be used as a reference for establishing a fall prevention strategy for hospitalized patients by presenting index values such as the fall rate.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.211-222
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• 1974

The survey was carried out on 1,031 primary school children for about 1 month, from June 1, to June 30, 1974, for the purose of understanding indirectly scio-medical status of a remote rural area, reflecting health status of primary school children. The summarized results were as follows: 1) The average age of surveyed children according to school year by sex was older in girls than in boys. The entrance in school at suitable age was peaked as 80.9% in boys of 5th school year and 72.4% in girls of 3rd school year, and also sunk 68.8% in boys of 2nd school year and 58.7% in girls of 1st school year. 2) Prevalence rate according to W.H.O. diseases classification during last a month and a year. a) During last month: The diseases of respiratory system remarked the highest 101.1 in boys and 116.6 in girls. The next were diseases of digestive system (24.2 in boys and 32.1 in girls), The girls were higher than boys in prevalence rate. b) During last year: The diseases of diegestive system ranked the highest 133.0 in boys and next, the diseases of respiratory system (108.6 in boys). c) Present illness: Number of code III ranked the highest 129.2 and next XII(127.3) in boys but inverted in girls such as XII(144.9) and III(116.7) and also, Number of code XVII was prevalenced twice in boys than in girls. d) Chief complaints by sex: Abdominal pain ranked the highest 71.2 per 1,000 population and next headache (34.7) in boys but headache ranked the heighest 88.5 and next abdominal pain (63.3) in girls. e) Water drinking habit: Number of code IX was higher in habit of raw water drinker than in habit of boiled water drinker and healthy children were higher in boiled water habit group than in raw water habit group. The diseases of respiratory system were the highest 124.74 in girls and next, the diseases of digestive system (52.3 in girls). According to school year, healthy children were increased to higher grades. 3) Average sick day per total surveyed children and patient during last month and last year. a) Per surveyed 1,031 children was 0.28 days during last month and 0.98 days during last year. And also per patient was 1.78 days during last month and 3.22 days during last year. b) Average sick day was higher in girls than in boys during last month, but inverted during last year. 4) Average absented day per total surveyed children and patient during last month and last year. a) Per surveyed 1,031 children were 0.43 days during last month and 3.81 days during last year (omitted 1st school year). b) Per absented children were 2.0 days during last month and 7.10 days during last year. c) Per absented children were 8.16 days in boys and 3.17 days in girls. 5) Utilization of medical facilities: The drug-store was consulted 91.2% of the total utilized boys and girls. The strengthening of medical facilities and medical care activities in health subcenter is urgently required 6) Medical Expenses by period and sex: a) Average medical expenses per surveyed 1,031 children were 35.95 won, per patient were 298.04 won during last month. b) Average medical expenses per survey children (omitted 1st school year) were 80.56 won, per patient were 243.98 won and per treated patient were 318.87 won during last year. c) Medical expenses were higher in boys than in girls. 7) Rohrer index by sex, present illness and school year. a) Average Rohrer index was 129.8 in boys and 126.2 in girls. b) Average Rohrer index was increased for 1st school year to 2nd school year and thereafter falling down step by step by school year. c) Under 151-160 Rohrer index number of code III was the highest and above 151-160 Rohrer index of code XII was peaked.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1995

A selection experiment with Romney Marsh sheep was used to evaluate direct responses to selection. Two flocks were maintained; a) the selection line formed in 1979 by the Romney Group Breeders to select for high prolificacy, defined as the number of live lambs born per ewe joined per year and b) a control line, established in 1982, where flock replacements were chosen at random. Predicted responses per year of birth female group and per year respectively were 0.033 and 0.027 live lambs. The rate of predicted response per year was within the theoretical expected range from 0.01 to 0.03 of the mean. The rates of realized response in prolificacy per year of birth female group and per year respectively were 0.026 and 0.021. These estimates of realized responses represented between 0.01 and 0.02 of the control line mean per year.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 1970

단백자원으로서 가장 중요한 작물인 대두의 자실수량, 단백 및 유분수량이 품종별로 파종기 및 석회시용량의 차이에 따라서 어떻게 영양을 받는가를 구명하기 위하여 우리나라 중부지방의 주요대두품종 충북백, 육우 003 및 장단백목을 공시하여 파종기를 5월 22일(대두단작재배) 및 6월 11일(맥후작재배) 및 7월 1일 (만파재배)로 달리하고 석회시용량을 10a당, 0.5kg, 100kg으로 다르게 처리하여 본 시험을 1969년 서울대학교 농과대학 부속농장에서 실시하였다. 본 시험성적에서 나타난 대두의 수량형질, 단백 및 유분수량에 대한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공시된 품종중 육우003의 자실수량이 가장높았다는데 이는 육우003에 주당협수가 다른 품종보다 현저히 많다는 데에서 기인되었다. 단백함량은 충북백>육우003>장단백목의 순위였고 지유함량은 장단백목>충북백>육우003의 순위였으나 단위면적당 단백수량 및 지유수량은 자실수량이 많았던 륙우003가 가장 많았다. 그러나 이와같은 품종간 수량차이는 파종기에 따라서 각각 다르게 나타나고 있으므로 설계재배에 있어서는 품종과 파종기간의 관계를 크게 고려하여야 할 것이다. 2. 제1파종기와 제2파종기간에 자실수량차이는 없었으며 만파재배인 제3파종기에서는 자실수량이 현저히 감소되었다. 이와같은 현상은 제3파종기에서 1주당협수의 감소가 현저했기 때문으로 고찰된다. 단백질함량과 지유함량은 파종기에 따라 별로 변화하지는 않았으나 단백수량 및 지유수량은 제3파종기에서 자실수량의 감소와 함께 현저히 감소하였다. 3. 석회시용량의 증가에 따라서 분지수 협수가 증가하였으며 자실수량도 증가하였다. 본 시험에서는 자실수량이 석회 100kg/10a 시요구에서 가장 높았다. 단백함량도 석회시용량을 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나 지유함량은 석회무시용구가 가장 높았다. 단백수량은 석회시용량의 증가에 따라 자실수량 및 단백함량이 같이 증가되었기 때문에 현저히 증수되었으며 지유함량은 자실수량의 증가에 의해서만 증수되었다. 4. 수량형질간의 상관관계를 보면 경장과 주당경중, 100립중 및 자실수량간에 주당경중과 주당맥수 및 자실수량간에, 주당분지수와 100립중간에, 주당협수와 자실수량간에, 100립중과 단백함량간에는 고도의 정(+)의 상관관계를 인정할수 있었으며, 주당협수와 100립중간에는 부(-)의 상관관계가 있었다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-76
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• 1994

Small area variations in health care utilization have long been studied as an important issue related to boto cost containment and quality assurance. This study was conducted to investigate if variations in hospital services across small geographic areas in Korea existed. The claims data of the fiscal year 1992 obtained from the regional health insurance societies were used for the study. Main findings of the research can be summarized as follows : 1. Extremal Quotients(EQ) of hospital expenditure per capita and hospital days per capita varied among diagnosis types. The EQ ranged from 2.05(cataract) to 41.67(pneumonia) in hospital expenditure per capita and from 1.86(cataract) to 45.89(pneumonia) in hospital days per capita. The diagnosis groups which showed high variation were pneumonia, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, gastritis and duodenitis, fracture of rib, and acute bronchitis. Those which showed low variation were acute appendicitis and cataract. 2. The EQ level of admission rate was different in terms of diagnosis types, ranging from 2.57(catarct) to 44.45(pneumonia). The variations were high in medical disorders such as pneumonia, oephalo-pelvic disproportion, gastritis and duodenitis and acute bronchitis, while relatively low in surgical conditions such as acute appendicitis and cataract. 3. As an indicator of service intensity, the EQ of expenditure per admission ranged from 1.67(acute appendicitis) to 31.27(essential hypertension). The diagnoses which had high variation were essential hypertension, gastric ulcer, whereas those which had low variation were cephalopelvic disproportion and acute appendicitis. With regard to hospital days per admission, the EQ ranged from 1.55(acute appendicitis) to 28.13(gastric ulcer) by diagnosis types. The diagnosis groups with showed high variation were gastric ulcer, essential hypertension, and acute bronchitis, whereas those with low variation were cephalo-pelvic disproportion, intervertebral disc disorders, and acute appendicitis. Both the expenditure and hospital days per admission showed lewwer variations than the expenditure per capita, hospital days per capita and admission rate. 4. Comparing patterns of variation in utilization indices, diagnoses such as essential hypertension, gastric ulcer, fracture of rib showed higher variations in expenditure per admission than in admission rates, whereas diagnoses such as pneumonia, cephalo-pelvic disproportion and gastric ulcer showed higher variations in admission rate than expenditure per admission. These findings suggest that wide variations existed in several diagnoses groups across small areas in Korea. Further research should be performed to investigate factors related to small area variations including provider behavior.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2009

25개의 큰느타리버섯 균주를 국내외의 다양한 지역에서 수집하여 본 실험에 사용하였다. PER-007과 PER-012균주는 다른 균주와 비교하여 볼 때 PDA 배지상에서 특징적인 균총 형태를 보였으나 대부분 균주간 유사한 균사생장률을 보였다. 자실체 유도 및 생육 실험에서 PER-007균주는 자실체가 형성 되지 않았고 PER-012균주의 발이가 되었으나 이후 성숙 자실체로 성장하지 않았으며 그 외의 공시한 균주의 자실체 대부분의 갓모양은 볼록반구형, 평판구형 등 다양하게 나타났다. URP primer의 PCR 반응 조건은 $48^{\circ}C$에서 $52^{\circ}C$의 annealing 온도에서 높은 다형성 밴드를 관찰할 수 있었으며 25개의 P. eringii strains의 다형성은 11개의 URP primer 중 URP1F, URP2R, URP2F, URP4R, URP6R, URP9F, URP17R primer에서 계통간 PCR 다형성 밴드를 형성하였다. URP-PCR다형성밴드를 기초로 하여 유전적 유연관계를 분석한 결과 P. eringii strain들은 $76%{\sim}100%$정도의 유전적 유사도를 가지는 3개의 주요 group으로 나눌 수 있었으며 PER-007과 PER-017균주는 outgroup으로 원연관계를 형성하였다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2011

목 적: 일중선호도는 하루 중 어느 시간대에 각성도가 높고 활기찬 지에 대한 경향으로 아침형-저녁형이라고도 알려져있다. PER3 유전자는 일중선호도에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구에서 우리는 젊고 건강한 피험자들에서 환경과 혼란요인들을 통제하고 PER3 유전자 다형성과 일중선호도간에 연관을 연구하였다. 방 법: 연구에 참여한 대상자는 299명의 의과대학생들(남자 299, 여자 191명)이며 평균연령은 22.9세였다. 일중선호도는 13개 문항의 Composite Scale for Morningness (CSM)로 측정하였다. PER3 VNTR(rs57875989)의 유전자형분석은 중합효소연쇄반응법을 사용하여 이루어졌다. 양측검정으로 유의수준은 p<0.05로 하였다. 결 과: 전체 대상자에 대한 CSM 점수는 31.90${\pm}$6.39 (평균${\pm}$표준편차)였다. 남녀간에 CSM 총점에 유의한 차이는 없었다. PER3 5R/5R에서 CSM 점수가 높은 경향을 보였으나, PER3 VNTR(rs57875989) 유전자형과 대립유전자에 따른 CSM 점수의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론: 본 연구는 젊은 건강한 한국인에서 PER3 V- NTR과 일중선호도간의 연관을 입증하지 못했다. 향후 보다 대규모의 피험자들을 대상으로 PER3의 여러 유전자들에 대해 다형성과 일중선호도간의 연관에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1970

Reappraisal measurements of apparent half survival time of red cell by $^{51}Cr$ method was made and effects of blood-letting over red cell survival were observed. The study was performed on 53 normal male subjects under three different experimental conditions. 1. Group 1 Mean $^{51}Cr$ red cell half survival by ACD wash method was 29.7 days. $T\frac{1}{2}$ of Ascorbic acid method was 29.0 days in group with 100 mg dose and 29.1 days in group with 50 mg dose respectively. There was no difference between these two methods in regards to red cell half survival. No difference were noted in amount of ascorbic acid administered. 2. Group 2 As daily amount of blood loss is increased the shortening of red cell half survival was noted. Rapid phase was seen when blood loss ranged 10 to 25 ml per day, while slow phase noted when more loss amounted 25 ml or more daily. Thus, it was clear that there was more than an exponential relation between $T\frac{1}{2}$ and the amount of blood loss. 3. Group 3 $T\frac{1}{2}$ measured by cpm per whole blood was within normal range and $T\frac{1}{2}$ measured by cpm per red cell mass showed shortening tendency when compared with the former in the group measured after blood loss (from 25 ml daily up to 100 ml daily in 10 days). In the group with rather constant blood loss of 100 ml daily for 10 consecutive days revealed the significant difference in two measurements (P<0.01). 4. $T\frac{1}{2}$ in non-steady state When red cell production is increased compared with red cell destruction, $T\frac{1}{2}$ measured by cpm per red cell mass being shorter than that by cpm per whole blood. Shortening of $T\frac{1}{2}$ measured by cpm per whole blood is more prominent. if red cell destrction is enhanced and exceeds production. 5. It is clear that when expressing red cell destruction rate, $T\frac{1}{2}$ measured by cpm per whole blood is more adequate and production more consistent with cpm red cell mass. 6. $T\frac{1}{2}$ measured during blood-letting, when corrected by amount of blood loss, it remains normal. It is erroneous to use conventional equational when measuring $T\frac{1}{2}$ in non-steady. $T\frac{1}{2}$ measured by cpm per whole blood is considred more applicable in clinical evaluation.