• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2701-2705
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• 2015

Chondrosarcoma, the second most common type of bone malignancy, is characterized by distant metastasis and local invasion. Previous studies have shown that treatment by pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has beneficial effects on various cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of PEMF applied for 3 and 7 days on the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels in chondrosarcoma SW1353 cells stimulated with two different doses of $IL-1{\beta}$. SW1353 cells were treated with (0.5 and 5 ng/ml) $IL-1{\beta}$ and PEMF exposure was applied either 3 or 7 days. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were measured in conditioned media by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were relative to protein levels. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P<0.05 was considered significant. PEMF treatment significantly decreased MMP-9 protein levels in human chondrosarcoma cells stimulated with 0.5 ng/ml $IL-1{\beta}$ at day 7, whereas it did not show any effect on cells stimulated with 5 ng/ml $IL-1{\beta}$. There was no significant change in TIMP-1 protein levels either by $IL-1{\beta}$ stimulation or by PEMF treatment. The results of this study showed that PEMF treatment suppressed $IL-1{\beta}$-mediated upregulation of MMP-9 protein levels in a dual effect manner. This finding may offer new perspectives in the therapy of bone cancer.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.94-99
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• 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by itchy and age-dependent lesions. Previous studies have shown that pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) significantly improved chronic ulcers and ununited fractures, providing an evidence for the application of PEMF in resolving inflammation caused by AD. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of PEMF on DNCB-induced AD in animal models. Five male hairless mice (6 weeks old) per group were assigned to a normal group, a sham group, and two PEMF groups (15Hz, 75Hz). Mice were treated with 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to induce uniform AD among all groups excluding a normal group. To examine the inflammatory progress and the improvement of AD after the PEMF stimulation, images are taken with various cameras for non-invasive evaluation and the results are expressed using principal component analysis (PCA) for visualization. The results of this study demonstrated that PEMF effectively improved skin lesions without the use of drugs.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.264-273
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• 2002

Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) was used first to induce osteogenesis in 1974. The appliance which was consisted of the Helmholtz coil configuration have used to osteogensis. The objective of this study was to determine whether PEMF, a frequency of 100 Hz and magnetic field strength of 38 gauss applied to the calvarial defect in rabbit, could affect the induction of osteogenesis and the healing of the graft bone. This field should not produce excitation of nerve or muscle and heating the tissue. To evaluate the effect of PEMF on osteogenesis, 16 rabbit under the same condition was divided into 8 experimental groups and 8 control groups. 10 mm calvarial bone defects were formed around sagittal suture. The defect of left side was left without graft while the defect of right side was grafted by bone harvested from left side. A pulsed electromagnetic field was applied for 8 hours per day. Each group was sacrificed after 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks. Microscopic specimens were obtained from the calvarial bone defects and surrounding tissue using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining method. The results were as follows. 1. In the group which pulsed electromagnetic field was applied, new bone formation filled up the defect was observed after 4 and 8 weeks effectively. 2. There are no difference in the healing period for the fusion between the bone and graft bone. According to the result, the PEMF with 38 Gauss, 100 Hz was very effective in the healing of bone defect and new bone formation. So The PEMF will be useful in clinical aspect for oseteogenesis.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.148-153
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• 2022

Etoposide is a chemotherapeutic medication used to treat various types of cancer, including breast cancer. It is established that pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy can enhance the effects of anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated whether PEMFs influence the anti-cancer effects of etoposide in MCF-7 cells and determined the signal pathways affected by PEMFs. We observed that co-treatment with etoposide and PEMFs led to a decrease in viable cells compared with cells solely treated with etoposide. PEMFs elevated the etoposide-induced PARP cleavage and caspase-7/9 activation and enhanced the etoposide-induced down-regulation of survivin and up-regulation of Bax. PEMF also increased the etoposide-induced activation of DNA damage-related molecules. In addition, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was slightly elevated during etoposide treatment and significantly increased during co-treatment with etoposide and PEMF. Moreover, treatment with ROS scavenger restored the PEMF-induced decrease in cell viability in etoposide-treated MCF-7 cells. These results combined indicate that PEMFs enhance etoposide-induced cell death by increasing ROS induction-DNA damage-caspase-dependent apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.360-373
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to investigate whether pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation applied to the rabbit cranial defects grafted with ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}$-TCP) could affect the new bone formation. With 16 New Zealand white rabbits under the same condition, bilateral calvarial bone defects were formed around the sagittal suture line. The defect on the left side was grafted with ${\beta}$-TCP, while on the right side was grafted by harvested autogenous bone. PEMF was applied to 8 rabbits for 8 hours per day. The bony specimen were divided into 3 groups, the group 1 was autogenous bone grafted specimen, the group 2 was ${\beta}$-TCP grafted with PEMF, and the group 3 was ${\beta}$-TCP grafted without PEMF. We investigated the bone regeneration & growth factor expression at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. As a result, BMP 2 was expressed in the group 1 from 2 weeks, the group 2 from 4 weeks, and the group 3 from 6 weeks. BMP 4 was expressed in the group 1 from 2 weeks, in the group 2 and the group 3 from 4 weeks. 4. There was no significant difference in expression pattern of BMP 7, PDGF, VEGF, and TGF-${\beta}$1 during grafted bone regeneration in group 1, 2, and 3. According to our results, PEMF stimulation could be effective on the new bome formation in animal study, and have a feasibility of clinical use.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.349-356
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was designed to investigate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field on functional recovery and expression of GAP-43 after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods : To confirm the damage of SCI and effects of pulsed electromagnetic field, 20 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used and divided randomly 2groups (SCI, PEMF). Incomplete SCI was induced by using modified NYU drop model. After operation, functional recovery test, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were measured at 1, 2, 3 weeks. Pulsed electromagnetic field were apply three weeks (one times a day, five days a week and twenty minutes a session). Results : In the this study, applications of pulsed electromagnetic field after incomplete SCI induced the significant improvement in functional recovery and expression of neurotrophic factor. The results were as follows; Foot print test, PEMF were significantly decreased than the SCI (p<.05). Expression of GAP-43, PEMF were significantly increased than the SCI at 2 and 3 weeks (p<.05). Conclusion : In conclusion, pulsed electromagnetic field were positive effect in functional recovery and expression of GAP-43 after incomplete SCI in rats.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.175-175
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• 1999

배경 및 목적 : 성대마비환자에서 마비된 성대의 기능회복을 위해 여러 가지 방법으로 신경재지배를 시도하였으나 대부분이 misdirected reinnervation에 의한 후두의 synkinesis로 임상적으로 널리 이용되지 못하고 아직까지는 성대내전술등으로 음성의 질을 개선시키는 정도로만 치료하고 있는 실정이다 최근 복원에서는 반회후두신경의 절단 후 일차봉합에 의한 신경 재지배 후 후윤상피열근에 만성전기자극을 주었으나 자극을 주지 않은 대조군에 비해 후두기능회복이 더 잘된다는 결과를 확인하지 못한바 있다. 1980년대부터 pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs)가 조직내에 ionic currents를 유도하여 cellular functions을 변화시킨다는 것을 보고된 이래로 PEMFs는 골절의 불유합이 있는 환자들에게 임상적으로 이용되고 있으며 최근 동물실험에서 흰쥐의 절단된 sciati nerve, common peroneal nerve, facial nerve의 신경재생을 촉진시켜 신경 재생이 조기에 되고 기능적으로 더 잘 회복되는 것으로 보고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 신경재생이 되더라도 기능적 회복이 힘든 것으로 알려진 반회후두신경의 재생 및 후두기능 회복에 대한 PEMFs의 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2001

Background and Objectives : Signal traduction through phospholipase C(PLC) participate in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Growth factors bind to their receptors and thereby induce tyrosine phophorylation of the phospholipase C-${\gamma}$1(PLC-${\gamma}$1). PLC-${\gamma}$1 is a substrate for several receptor tyrosine kinases and its catalytic activity is increased by tyrosine phosphorylation. Tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of PLC-${\gamma}$1 stimulates PLC activation and cell proliferation. However the signal transduction pathway and the significance of PLC in injured recurrent laryngeal nerve regeneration is unknown. Therefore after we obtained fuctionally recovered rats using PEMF in this study, we attempt to provide some evidence that PLC plays a role in nerve regeneration itself and regeneration related to PEMF through the analysis of the difference between fucntional recovery group and non-recovery group in the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Materials and Method : Using 32 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, transections and primary anastomosis were performed on their left recurrent laryngeal nerves. Rats were then randomly assigned to 2 groups. The experimental group(n=16) received PEMS by placing them in custom cages equipped with Helm-holz coils(3hr/day, 5days/wk, for 12wk). The control group(n=16) were handled the same way as the experimental group, except that they did not receive PEMS. Laryngo-videoendoscopy was performed before and after surgery and followed up weekly. Laryngeal EMG was obtained in both PCA and TA muscles. Immunohistochemisty staining and Western blotting analysis using monoclonal antibody was performed to detect PLC-${\gamma}$1 in recurrent laryngeal nerve and nodose ganglion. Results : 10 rats(71%) in experimental group and 4 rats(38%) in the control group showed recovery of vocal fold motion. Functionally-recoverd rats show PLC-${\gamma}$1 positive cells in neuron and ganglion cells after 12 weeks from nerve injury. Conclusion : This study shows that PLC1-${\gamma}$ involved in singnal trasduction pathway in functinal recovery of injured recurrent laryngeal nerve and PEMF enhance the functional recovery by effect on this molecule.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.227-230
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• 2005

There is a worldwide interest In the development and commercialization of PEMFCs for vehicular and stationary applications. The major problem in the practical use of PEMFCs is the deactivation of the Pt anode electrocatalyst by the adsorption of carbon monoxide. Therefore, intensive work has been devoted to finding electrocatalysts that are tolerant to CO in hydrogen at operating temperatures bellow $100^{\circ}C$. Also, DMFC is considered to be one of the most promising technologies for energy generation. But, the most important problem associated with the DMFC is the slow reaction rate of methanol oxidation and the second major problem is fuel crossover. So, the performance of a state-of-the-art DMFC is considerably lower than that of hydrogen-fuelled PEMFC. In this research, the preparation and characterization of electrode materials will be introduced. Also, some electrochemical techniques for the characterization of PEMFCs will be presented.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

An electromagnetic generator with variable stimulation parameters is required to conduct basic research on magnetic flux density and frequency for pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs). In this study, we design an electromagnetic generator that can conduct basic research by providing parameters optimized for cell and animal experimental conditions through adjustable stimulation parameters. The magnetic core was selected as a solenoid capable of uniform and stable electromagnetic stimulation. The solenoid was designed in consideration of the experimental mouse and cell culture dish insertion. A voltage and current adjustable power supply for variable magnetic flux density was designed. The system was designed to be adjustable in frequency and pulse width and to enable 3-channel output. The reliability of the system and solenoid was evaluated through magnetic flux density, frequency, and pulse width measurements. The measured magnetic flux density was expressed as an image and qualitatively observed. Based on the acquired image, the stimulation area according to the magnetic flux density decrease rate was extracted. The PEMF frequency and pulse width error rates were presented as mean ± SD, and were confirmed to be 0.0928 ± 0.0934% and 0.529 ± 0.527%, respectively. The magnetic flux density decreased as the distance from the center of the solenoid increased, and decreased sharply from 60 mm or more. The length of the magnetic stimulation area according to the degree of magnetic flux density decrease was obtained through the magnetic flux density image. A PEMF generator and stimulation parameter control system suitable for cell and animal models were designed, and system reliability was evaluated.