• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.635-641
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• 2014

Archaeological waterlogged woods require a process of dimensional stabilization for their conservation. PEG is the most widely used in the conservation of archaeological waterlogged wood. One of the easiest and commonly used methods is the impregnation of 40% polyethylene glycol followed by vacuum freeze drying. However, the waste fluid produced from the PEG treatment is black in color and has a severe odor due to the organic matter extracted from the wood. Thus It cannot be recycled and it was just thrown out. Color of waste fluid can be decolored with oxidation reaction by hydrogen peroxide. Properties of PEG before and after preservation treatment, and after oxidation with $H_2O_2$ were not changed. Dimensional stability of archaeological waterlogged Salix koreensis Andersson was studied with pure or recycled PEG. The ratio of impregnation solutions were 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10 (pure PEG : recycled PEG). Impregnation process was carried out by putting the wood specimens 10% PEG solution for 5days, 20% for 5 days, 30% for 5 days finally 40% for 5 days. All of the specimens showed the weight change rate of 25%. SEM results provided that the dimensional change of were less than 4% PEG impregnated specimens. Comparing with pure PEG impregnation system, conservation precess mixed PEG also showed no significant changes. Conclusively, the recycled PEG can be used for archeological waterlogged wood conservation precess.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.877-882
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• 2015

This study was carried out treatment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in order to increase of survival rate of acclimated plants of strawberry's in vitro plantlets through bioreactor culture. We used PEG with molecular weight 6000 (PEG 6000) in this study. Concentration of PEG is non-treatment, 5, 10, 15, and $20g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ each bioreactor. $5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of PEG was treated at $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$, and $5^{th}$ week during culture. We investigated growth characteristics of in vitro plantlets after 6 weeks cultivation. Growth amount of all PEG treatment decreased as compared to non-treatment. The more concentration increased, the more plant growth decreased. In $5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of PEG, shoot length was shorter than non-treatment that shoot length was 7.9 cm and especially fresh weight that is 1.6 g was more decrease than non-treatment. Shoot length was ranged 3.0-3.9 cm at $1^{st}$ week treatment to $4^{th}$ week treatment of $5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ PEG. The shoot length was not significant by 5.3 cm at $5^{th}$ week treatment. The survival rate was improved 5.4% at the treatment of $4^{th}$ week and was improved 8.7% at the $5^{th}$ week as compared to non-treatment. In order to improve of survival rate of strawberry' in vitro plantlets through bioreactor culture, the method is suitable that adding $5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of PEG in the medium and $5^{th}$ week's treatment is suitable.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.21
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

Plants are often subjected to periods of soil and atmospheric water deficit during their life cycle. To find critical levels for identification of tolerant rice variety to salt- and drought-stresses, we investigated the water deficiency in the leaf of a Dongjinbyeo (DJ) cultivar, identified as intolerant variety, subjected to NaCl- and Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG)- treatments. The relative water content and water potential in leaf of DJ plant sharply declined along the high concentration and time after treatment in NaCl- and PEG-treated rice plants. To elucidate the method of simple screening of tolerant variety to salt- and drought-stresses, we examined the relationship between relative water content and water potential of leaves in NaCl- and PEG-treated rice plants. The relationship between relative water content and water potential in leaf of DJ plant showed the highest correlation in 80 mM NaCl-treatment, and showed high correlation only 8% PEG treatment. These results indicate that the critical level of salt stress for screening of tolerant rice was 80 mM NaCl at 48 h after NaCl treatment, and the critical concentration of drought stress for screening of tolerant rice was 8% PEG at 96 h after PEG treatment.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.16 s.16
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• pp.110-118
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• 2004

In order to evaluate two-step treatment of PEG-freeze drying for highly-degraded waterlogged ash woods (Fraxinus PP.; ca. 5,700 BP), which were excavated from peat lands in western Korea, dimension stability was examined during 45 months after complete treatment. The samples pre-treated with PEG in water solution showed better dimensional stabilities than the ones with PEG in t-butanol(TBA) solution. It suggests that TBA reduced the flexibility of wood cells and overflying by TBA induced micro-checks during freeze drying. Micro-checks results in fragile wood structures and consequently, large shrinkage by moisture absorbances of high PEG contents during exposure in humid condition. The results suggest that PEG in water-solution treatment is better than PEG in t-butanol as pretreament for freeze drying of highly-degraded waterlogged ash woods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1367-1373
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to determine the feeding value to sheep of Acacia saligna grown under temperate conditions. Pen trials were undertaken to determine the effects of feeding A. saligna, which had been grown in a Mediterranean environment, on feed intake, nitrogen balance and rumen metabolism in sheep. Sheep were given ad libitum access to A. saligna with or without supplementation with PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000. PEG 4000 appears to be the major detannification agent used in trials involving high tannin feed despite the fact that PEG 6000 has been shown to be more effective, in vitro. For this reason it was of interest to compare the two, in vivo. Dry matter intake was greater (p<0.05) in sheep supplemented with either PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000 compared to the control. There was no difference, however, in intake between those supplemented with either PEG 4,000 or 6,000. Although animals were not weighed throughout the trial, a loss in body condition was obvious, in particular in the control group. Intake of N was greater (p<0.05) in sheep supplemented with either PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000 than in the control. There was no difference in N intake between those supplemented with either PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000. There were no significant differences in either the faecal or urinary N output between any of the treatment groups and all treatment groups were in negative N balance. Neither the average nor maximum pH of ruminal fluid of the control group was different to those supplemented with PEG. The minimum pH for the control group, however, was significantly higher (p<0.05) than for either of the PEG treatments. The average and the maximum ammonia levels were lower (p<0.05) in the control group compared with those in either of the PEG treatment groups. For all dietary treatments ruminal ammonia levels were well below the threshold for maximal microbial growth. Feeding A. saligna, without PEG, had a definite defaunating effect on the rumen. For all dietary treatments ruminal ammonia levels were well below the threshold for maximal microbial growth. It was concluded that A. saligna was inadequate as the sole source of nutrients for sheep, even with the addition of PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000. The anti-nutritional effects on the animals were largely attributed to the excessive biological activity of the phenolics in the A. saligna leaves. There is a need to determine other supplements that may be complimentary with PEG to enhance the nutritive value of A. saligna to maintain a minimum of animal maintenance.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.343-351
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• 2012

A large diameter roundwood is an important element of Korean traditional buildings, Hanok, and is hard to be dried without surface cracks. Four different pretreatments, such as pre-cracking, oil heating, kerfing-oil heating and PEG impregnation, were investigated for reducing the surface cracks of large-diameter roundwood specimens during heat treatment. The roundwood specimens of pre-cracking, oil heating and kerfing-oil heating showed surface cracks during pretreatment, but that of PEG impregnation did not. It was confirmed that kerfing reduced the total crack width. Among the four pretreatments and control only the PEG impregnation roundwood specimen had no crack on both outer and inner surfaces after heat treatment. The PEG impregnation specimen shrank only 1.6% in the tangential direction while the pre-cracking did 8.0%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.270-273
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• 2000

For the well-preparation of the superconducting wire by electrophoresis, the control of the cracking on the YBCO, BSCCO superconductor deposited on Ag wire in acetone and buthanol solution with PEG(poly-ethylenglycol) was investigated with XRD and SEM analysis. After deposition, drying and heat treatment process, the cracks on the deposited surface of YBCO and BSCCO samples was clearly removed and decreased, which was perpared in suspension with addition of PEG from 1 to 3ml. However, in the case of the addition rate of PEG in acetone suspension was exceeded in 3ml, BSCCO superconductor deposited on Ag wire was slightly melted at 90$0^{\circ}C$ which was the same heat treatment condition of other samples with different additin rate of PEG. In the process of electrophoretic deposition, drying and heat treatment, PEG added into the suspension solution as a binder was very useful to prepare the crack-free thick film-wire of YBCO and BSCCO.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1997

목재의 건조 균열방지를 위한 진공흡입기술의 새로운 목재처리방법에 대해 연구를 수행하였다. 목재의 건조균열 방지를 위해 사용된 ployetylene grycogen(PEG) 처리재들은 PEG-1540, PEG-2000, PEG-4000, PEG-10000이었으며, 진공펌프의 감압정도는 85kPa과 39kPa 이었다. 시험결과, 진공흡입처리에 의한 PEG액의 흡입은 방사단면에 걸쳐 고르게 이루워졌음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 PEG의 분자량이 증가할수록 단위시간당 PEG의 분자량이 증가할수록 단위시간당 PEG의 흡입량과 처리전.후의 함수률의 차인$\Delta$ M.C 는 PEG-2000을 변곡점으로 하여 감소하였다. 그리고 리기다 소나무의 건조균열 방지를 위한 약제 흡입처리에 있어 최적의 PEG 분자량과 농도 그리고 감압력의 조건은 각각 PEG-2000과 30%(wt.)그리고 85kPa임을 알 수 있었다.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.37
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

Mado shipwreck No.1 is where a total of 57 bamboo slips were discovered. Bamboo slips first excavated in the sea. It treated low concentration PEG vacuum freeze drying treatment refer to the method that research finding consolidation about waterlogged bamboo before. PEG 2000 and PEG 4000 used to consolidation materials but some bamboo slips that treated PEG 4000 surface color have been darken using heat gun at surface treatment. So the residual PEG on object's surface was remove steam iron. Bonding used to put 100% PEG 2000 the rayon paper in the surface for stabilization and giving a strength.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2000

This study was conducted to evaluate the drought tolerance of Japonica and Indica rice cultivars during germinating and seedling stages by using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution. Each 5 cultivars of Japonica and Indica were cultured from 14 days after seeding(DAS) to 21 DAS using the PEG solution in a moderate water potential (-0.63 MPa). The lengths of radicle and plumule during the germinating stage were inhibitied by the PEG treatment to about 50% and 85%, respectively. The application of PEG to the seedling of two rice types caused to inhibit the plant height and leaf age about 23 % and 10%, respectively. Shoot and root dry weights by PEG treatment were inhibited more severely in Japonica than those in Indica. The difference on delaying of leaf area expansion between both rice types was not found with treatment of PEG, while the leaf color was increased in both Japonica and Indica by 19.9% and 9.2%, respectively. The average photosynthetic ability was inhibited more in Japonica to 36.0% than did Indica to 27.9%. The stomatal conductance was severely affected by PEG treatment, and the degree was varied in both rice types, ranged with 80-85% in Japonica and 29.3-81.6% in Indica. These results indicate there is little relationship between seed germination and seedling growth under the stress of low water potential.