• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1141-1151
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• 2007

In this paper through Honam high-speed railroad which is planned with the north and south axis, we will verify the feasibility of the coordinate conversion using railroad control points after regarding current planned-railroad as the linear central axises. From analysis, distortion of Y axis varies 21cm to 40cm diminishing to a gentle straight line, distortion of X axis varies 14cm to 29cm. Through a revision, the deviation value between the coordinates were 6mm to 9mm and it satisfied the allowable error of national geographic information institute which is following ITRF (International Terrestrial Reference Frame) and cadastral boundary survey(10cm). consequently the coordinate conversion is possible using railroad control points as common control points.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.626-632
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• 2012

In this study, the changes that occurred in the quality of minimally processed sliced Deodeok (Codonopsis lanceolata) in relation to the packing method during storage at $7^{\circ}C$ were investigated. The storage tests were conducted for seven days using PE sealing, but PP sealing and vacuum packaging preserved the Deodeok for 14 days. On the seventh day, the vinyl-packaged Deodeok showed a remarkable fall in quality with 4.5 °Brix, but the PP-sealed and vacuum-packaged Deodeok showed slight falls with 6.4 and $6.8^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. The PE- and PP-sealed Deodeok did not show significant differences in texture and moisture content for two days, and the moisture content was highest in the vacuum-packaged Deodeok during storage. In relation to the total viable cell and the coliform count, the vacuum-packaged Deodeok showed the lowest rate of increment during storage, followed by the others. Thus, the bubble-washed and vacuum-packaged minimally processed sliced Deodeok was found to have the best quality.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.804-809
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• 2008

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) was assessed in terms of extending the shelf life of Solidago virgaurea spp. gigantea. In June 2005 Solidago virgaurea spp. gigantea were harvested from Ulleung Island, packaged in $30\;{\mu}m$ PP, $30\;{\mu}m$ Antifogging-OPP, $30\;{\mu}m$ LDPE, $18\;{\mu}m$ Macroperforated-HDPE, $60\;{\mu}m$ nylon/PE, or $85\;{\mu}m$ PVC/PE film, then stored at 4, 10 or $20^{\circ}C$ for up to 14 days. The $O_2$ concentration decreased to $9{\sim}10%$ in the PP and A-OPP packaging, to $12{\sim}16%$ in LDPE packaging, and to 2% in nylon/PE and PVC/PE packaging at $10^{\circ}C$. The $CO_2$ concentration increased to 5% at $10^{\circ}C$ in PP, A-OPP and LDPE packaging, but increased consistently in the nylon/PE and PVC/PE packaging. Weight loss was markedly reduced by all MAP films except M-HDPE, and which was enhanced with decreasing storage temperature. The soluble solids and pH were not affected by the packaging material at $4^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$, but were affected at $20^{\circ}C$. The highest score for sensory qualities (appearance, color and overall acceptability) was obtained for vegetables stored at $4^{\circ}C$ in PP films. Our results show that MAP using PP films and $4^{\circ}C$ storage can effectively maintain the quality of Solidago virgaurea spp. gigantea.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.220-225
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• 2010

The optical properties and dimensional stability of polyethersulfone(PES) retardation film have been studied as function of chain orientation and the temperature applied to PES retardation film. It was confirmed that the appropriate retardation values of $R_e$ and $R_{th}$ for the retardation film application were able to obtain by the chain orientation and these values could be controlled by the chain relaxation through the thermal annealing process. It was found that unstable $R_e$ and $R_{th}$ values were shown by the repeated cooling and heating applied to the retardation films but this could be stabilized by means of the annealing process after stretching of PES film. The dimensional shrinkage due to the chain orientation was found as temperature increase and the intrinsic thermal expansion of PES appeared after shrinking. The shrinkage of PES films affected by the chain orientation and thermal annealing dramatically but the effect on the coefficient of thermal expansion was found to be negligible.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2008

Light transmittance of PO-2 film was 71.2% higher than any other films, because of low amount of pending water and attaching dust on film surface. On dawn, the air temperature of tunnel were higher than that of outdoors as much as between 11.8 and $14.5^{\circ}C$ on Feb. 19 to 20, 2007. The air temperature in the greenhouse covered with PO-2 film was higher than any other films as much as $2.3^{\circ}C$. Analyzing of folate in oriental melon, the folate contents of fruit were between 68.9 and $113.4\;{\mu}g/100\;g$ according to varieties. In winter, the folate contents in the treatment of PO-2 film was higher than that in the treatment of PE film as much as 17%. Above $15^{\circ}C$ in outdoors mean air temperature, the folate contents were as much as between 55.2 and $75.2\;{\mu}g/100\;g$. The folate contents in the treatment of PO-2 film was higher than that in the treatment of PE film as much as 36%.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.351-356
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• 1999

To develop and extend the shelf-life of vitamin C enriched fresh-cut apples using CA stored Fuji apples, dipping in 10% L-ascorbic acid and packaging with 0.03 mm LDPE, 0.04 mm PP and 0.08 mm Nylon/PE film(N$_2$displacement) were carried out. The changes of gas concentrations in the packaging and quality attributes of fresh-cut apples were examined during storage at 10$^{\circ}C$. The concentrations of O$_2$was maintained lower in Nylon/PE film than the other film, the level of O$_2$was in the range of 1∼3%. The increase of C$_2$H$_4$ concentrations in Nylon/PE film bag was more suppressed than the others. The vitamin C content of fresh-cut apples was enriched by dipping in L-ascorbic acid solution up to 241 mg$.$100 g-1 f.w., and the loss or that content was retarded differently by the package conditions of lower O$_2$level during storage. Browning in fresh-cut apples was shown after 6 days of storage in LDPE and PP film. but it was not shown by 14 days of storage in Nylon/PE film. Spoilage and off odor in fresh-cut apples were not detected up to 14 days of storage in Nylon/PE film. The results indicated that the vitamin C enriched fresh-cut apples can be processed from the long-term CA stored apples, and maintaining high quality of the products ill be possible in cases of the application of sealing packaging after O$_2$removal with film having low O$_2$permeability.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.511-517
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• 2015

This research was conducted to evaluate the influence of root restriction materials and media on the growth of runner plantlets of 'Seolhyang' strawberry in a nursery field. To achieve this, the influence of three kinds of root media on the growth of runner plantlets was monitored when polyethylene film was used as the root restriction material. In addition, the influence of various root restriction materials (RRS) such as transparent polyethylene film (PE), non-woven fabric (NF), perforated polyethylene film (PP), and root proofing sheet (RPS) on the changes in volumetric water content (VWC) and temperature of root media as well as growth of runner plantlet were investigated when expanded rice hull (ERH) was used as the root medium. In the comparison of root media, growth parameters such as leaf area and crown thickness at 20 d after fixation as well as crown thickness and fresh weights of root and above-ground tissue at 40 d after runner plantlet fixation were higher in the ERH treatment than in sandy loam and loamy sand. When the influence of RRS was compared, the VWC of ERH was 55% just after irrigation, but decreased to 26% at just before irrigation. Ranges of the VWC as influenced by irrigation cycle were 16 to 10% in the PP and less than 10% in the NF and RPS. The soil temperature in the PE treatment was around $1^{\circ}C$ lower than in NF, PP, and RPS. The differences between day and night temperatures were also smaller in the PE treatment rather than those in NF, PP, and RPS. The growths of runner plantlet 50 d after fixation showed that plant heights as well as fresh weights of root and above-ground tissue were higher in the PE treatment than in NF, PP, and RPS. NF and PP did not effectively restrict roots inside the medium and the roots of runner plantlets penetrated through the root restriction materials resulting in the formation of root system below the restriction materials. The above results indicate that ERH is more effective than sandy loam or loamy sand as root medium. PE rather than NF, PP, or RPS as root restriction material resulted in better growth of runner plantlets in propagation of 'Seolhyang' strawberry. The results of this research will be used for production of high quality runner plantlets in strawberry propagation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.224-229
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• 2001

This study was carried out to examine the quality stability of powdered soup using powder from oyster wash water (PSW). To compare the quality stability, powdered soup from oyster hot-water extracts (PSE) was also prepared by mixing hot-water extract powder (15 g), table salt (5 g), cream powder (19 g), milk replacer (12 g), wheat flour (20 g), corn flour (15 g), starch (5 g), glucose (7.5 g), and onion powder (1.5 g). In preparing PSW, powder from oyster wash water, instead of powder from oyster hot-water extracts, was added and other additives were the same proportion as PSE. The PSW and PSE were packed with laminated film bag (OPP,$20\;{\mu}m$; PE, $20{\mu}m$; paper, $45\;g/m^3$; PE, $20\;{\mu}m$; Al, $7\;{\mu}m$; PE, $20\;{\mu}m$), and then stored at ambient temperature for 12 months. The moisture content, water activity, peroxide value, and fatty acid composition showed little changes during storage of the PSW, The pH, volatile basic nitrogen content, and brown pigment formation increased slightly, while white index decreased slightly during storage of PSW. No significant difference was observed in the changes of food components between PSW and PSE during storage. According to a sensory evaluation, the change in quality of PSW was negligible during 12 months of storage. From the results of the chemical experiment and sensory evaluation, PSW packed with laminated film bag (OPP, $20\;{\mu}m$; PE, $20\;{\mu}m$; paper, $45\;g/{\mu}m$; PE, $20\;{\mu}m$) was revealed to be preserved in good quality during 12 months of storage.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2017

BACKGROUND:Kiwifruit growers build their vineyards using many windbreaks to protect their kiwifruit vines from defoliation injury by strong winds such as typhoon. In this study, we have compared fruit quality, budbreak rate and floral bud as affected by windbreaks. And also we surveyed several microclimate indices of kiwifruit orchard depending on the covering materials of arch-type windbreaks. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five different windbreak materials including polyethylene film (PE), blue- and white-colored nets were tested in pipe-framed archtype kiwifruit vineyards as the covering materials. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), annual mean temperature (AMT) and chill unit (CU) as well as fruit quality were compared among the covering materials. In all treatments, annual PAR was more than $400{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, in which kiwifruit leaf could reach its maximum photosynthesis, since the leaves were emerged. Annual mean temperature was greater in 0.1 mm-PE covering as much as $1-2^{\circ}C$ than other windbreaks. In CU calculated by three different models, all windbreaks showed more than 1400 CU that is fully fulfilled CU for kiwifruit rest completion. There were no difference in budbreak rate among the covering materials. Fruit weight was heavier in 0.1 mm-PE and white-net (4 mm) than other windbreaks. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the windbreak materials, the PAR quantity was enough for kiwifruit photosynthesis. And CU for kiwifruit rest completion was fully achieved in all treatments. However, with respect to fruit weight, quantity of PAR, and AMT, etc., It is highly recommended for kiwifruit growers to choose 0.1 mm-PE and white-net (4 mm) as for their windbreaks materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.05b
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• pp.385-390
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• 1998

방사성 페이온교환수지 아스팔트고화체를 처분장 등지에서 장기간 저장시 안전성 확보를 위하여 물리적 강도가 높고 고화체내에서 방사성핵종의 침출저항성 및 처리시 감용의 효과가 우수한 고화체 연구가 필요하게 되었다. 실험에 사용된 이온교환수지는 입상형 양이온 교환수지를 대상으로 하였으며 고화매질로서는 도로포장용으로 생산되는 직류아스팔트 60/70을 사용하였다. 고화보조제는 방사성 고체패기물 포장시 사용되어 폐기물로 발생되는 페폴리에틸렌(폐PE) 필름을 사용하였다. 실험결과 고화체의 형태안정성은 PE 함유량이 10 wt% 이상일 때 고화체 형태를 그대로 유지할 수 있으며 압축강도는 414 kPa(60 psi) 이상을 나타내었다. 최적의 운전조건은 이온교환수지, PE 함유량이 건조기준으로 각각 30~50 wt%, 10~25 wt% 이며, 고화온도는 170~20$0^{\circ}C$이다. 고화체의 침출특성은 확산 (diffusion) 으로 해석이 가능하며, 유효확산계수(De)는 Cs, Co의 경우 각각 1.621$\times$$10^{-7}$, 1.186$\times$$10^{-9}$ $\textrm{cm}^2$/day로 나타나고, Leachablity index는 각각 11.7, 13.8로 미국 원자력위원회 (NRC)가 요구하는 기준값 6보다 훨씬 높게 나타났다.