• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2013

Fishborne trematode (FBT) metacercariae were investigated in fish from 3 Provinces of Lao PDR. Total 242 freshwater fish of 40 species were collected in local markets of Luang Prabang (59 fish of 16 species), Khammouane (81 fish of 19 species), and Saravane (97 fish of 14 species), and each of them was examined by artificial digestion method. Four species of metacercariae (Opisthorchis viverrini, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis yokogawai, and Centrocestus formosanus) were detected. O. viverrini was detected in 35 fish (14.5%), and their density was 252 per infected fish (Luang Prabang, 88 metacercariae in 5 fish; Khammouane, 187 in 6 fish; Saravane, 303 in 24 fish). H. taichui was found in 102 fish (42.1%), and their density was 485 per infected fish (Luang Prabang, 260 metacercariae in 38 fish; Khammouane, 1,084 in 23 fish; Saravane, 359 in 41 fish). H. yokogawai was detected in 92 fish (38.0%), and their density was 222 per infected fish (Luang Prabang, 362 metacercariae in 17 fish; Khammouane, 126 in 20 fish; Saravane, 214 in 55 fish). Metacercariae of C. formosanus were found in 8 fish (3.3%), and their density was 3 per infected fish. In the present study, it has been confirmed that FBT metacercariae, in particular, H. taichui, H. yokogawai, and O. viverrini, are highly prevalent in fish from Luang Prabang, Khammouane, and Saravane Province, Lao PDR.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.451-456
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• 2019

Adult specimens of Echinochasmus caninus n. comb. (Verma, 1935) (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) (syn. Episthmium caninum Yamaguti, 1958) were recovered from 11 riparian people who resided along the Mekong River in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR. In fecal examinations done by the Kato-Katz technique, the cases revealed eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini/minute intestinal flukes, hookworms, and in 2 cases echinostome eggs. To recover the adult helminths, praziquantel 30-40 mg/kg and pyrantel pamoate 10-15 mg/kg in a single dose were given and purged with magnesium salts. Various species of trematodes (including O. viverrini and Haplorchis spp.), cestodes, and nematodes were recovered from their diarrheic stools. Among the trematodes, small echinostome flukes (n=42; av. 3.8 specimens per case) of 0.7-1.2 mm in length are subjected in this study. They are morphologically characterized by having 24 collar spines interrupted dorsally and anterior extension of vitellaria from the cirrus sac or genital pore level to the posterior end of the body. Particularly based on this extensive distribution of vitellaria, the specific diagnosis was made as Echinochasmus caninus. The cases were co-infected with various other helminth parasites; thus, clinical manifestations specific for this echinostome infection were difficult to determine. The present paper describes for the first time human E. caninus infections in Lao PDR. Our cases marked the 4-14th human infections with this echinostome around the world following the 3 previous cases reported from Thailand.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2009

About 83% of the total population of Lao PDR lives in rural areas. People living near forest are highly dependent on the forest resources closed to their villages. Especially non-timber forest products (NTFPs) provide a wide range of subsistence needs and are the main source of their cash income. They also make a significant contribution to the country economy. The annual export value of NTFPs is considerably high. 708 edible NTFP species (238 edible plants and 470 animals) have been recorded so far, and about 400 plants have been reported and used as medicinal plants by Lao people. One hundred NTFP species are considered as commercial forest products. The striking trend in NTFP resources is the decline of some commercial species due to increased demand on them for commercialization, and the loss of forest by rapid population growth. To sustainablely manage the NTFPs resources, a number of new management systems are under development and support in progress by the government.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of study was to investigate the racial or ethnic differences in FDA-approved medications. Methods: Data on racial-based differences of drugs in PDR (Physician's Desk Reference) were analyzed by searching with keywords, "ETHNIC" and "RACE". Results: There were descriptions related to "ETHNIC" in product directions of 53 cases and "RACE" in 266 cases in 2010 PDR. After excluding 30 cases of duplicates, 289 cases were shown of which 28 cases were verified to demonstrate racial or ethnic differences. Drug category showing the higher racial or ethnic differences was cardiovascular drugs (7), followed by alimentary tract and metabolism drugs (6), nervous system drugs (5), and antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (3). Pharmacokinetic differences between race and ethnicity were observed most frequently; differences in AUC or Cmax showed in 15 drugs and clearance differences in 7 drugs. Conclusions: This study identified the racial differences in medication usage in PDR. Therefore, the results can contribute to safe use of medication in real clinical settings in regards to the racial or ethnic differences.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1527-1552
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• 2018

The rapidly-evolving demand of applications using wireless sensor networks in several areas such as building and industrial automation or smart cities, among other, makes it necessary to determine and provide QoS support mechanisms which can satisfy the requirements of applications. In this paper we propose a mechanism that establishes different QoS levels, based on Publish/Subscribe model for wireless networks to meet application requirements, to provide reliable delivery of packet and timeliness. The first level delivers packets in a best effort way. The second one intends to provide reliable packet delivery with a novel approach for Retransmission Timeout (RTO) calculation, which adjusts the RTO depending on the subscriber Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). The third one provides the same reliable packet delivery as the second one, but in addition, it provides data aggregation trying to be efficient in terms of energy consumption and the use of network bandwidth. The last one provides timeliness in the packet delivery. We evaluate each QoS Level with several performance metrics such as PDR, Message Delivery Ratio, Duplicated and Retransmitted Packet Ratio and Packet Timeliness Ratio to demonstrate that our proposal provides significant improvements based on the increase of the PDR obtained.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.83.1-83.1
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• 2012

We have developed an self-consistent PDR model to synthesize warm CO lines of Herschel/PACS observations more accurately. The PDR model solves the FUV continuum radiative transfer, gas energetics, and chemistry simultaneously. A local FUV radiation flux is calculated by using a Monte Carlo method taking anisotropic scattering into account. A new (r, ${\delta}$) coordinate system was used, where the r is the distance from the origin and the ${\delta}$ is z/$R^2$ in the cylindrical coordinate of (R,z). This is an adequate coordinate system to represent a power-law density of an envelope and a high spatial resolution near the outflow wall. The gas enegetics and chemistry are solved locally and considered $10^4K$ blackbody radiation field instead of the interstellar radiation filed. This newly developed model can be used to analyze quantitatively the effect of UV-heated outflow walls on the warm molecular lines in the embedded proto-stellar objects.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.624-629
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• 2018

감시 및 정찰용 펄스 도플러 레이더(Pulse Doppler Radar : PDR)에서 이동표적의 식별은 일반적으로 레이더 운용자의 도플러 오디오 신호 청취 및 훈련 경험을 바탕으로 수행된다. 본 논문에서는 음성인식 분야에서 널리 이용되는 Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients(MFCC) 특징 파라미터와 Hidden Markov Model(HMM) 식별 기법을 이용하여 이동 표적의 클래스를 자동 식별하는 방법을 제안하고, 시뮬레이션을 통해 식별성능을 분석하고 검증하였다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2020

실내외에서 스마트폰의 이동 궤적을 정밀하게 추적하기 위하여 WiFi Fingerprint 방식과 Pedestrian Dead Reckoning 방식을 연동하였다. 전자는 절대 위치를 추정할 수 있으나 실제 위치로부터 랜덤하게 오차가 발생하며, 후자는 연속적으로 위치를 추정하지만 이동할수록 오차가 누적되는 각각의 장단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 두 가지 방식의 추정 위치 데이터를 연동시키기 위한 모델과 Kalman Filter 수식을 정립하였고, 최적 시스템 파라미터를 도출하였다. 시스템 잡음과 측정 잡음의 공분산 값에 따른 성능을 분석하였다. 측정된 데이터와 시뮬레이션을 이용하여, 두 가지 방식이 상호 보완된 향상된 성능을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.643-644
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• 2018

최근 실내 위치 추적시스템과 실외 위치 추적시스템은 다른 방식으로 운영되고 있다. 실내 측위 기법으로는 WiFi와 BLE beacon을 이용한 측위를 이용하고, 실외 측위는 GPS와 PDR을 이용한다. 본 논문에서는 이를 혼용하여 위치를 측정하기 위한 기기로 모바일기기 대표적으로 스마트폰을 기반으로 측정할 때, 실내인지 실외인지를 확인하여 실내에서 운영되는 기법을 이용하다가 실외로 이동할 때 GPS로 자동으로 변환 시켜주는 방식이 필요하다. 실내에서 GPS를 이용하였을 경우 층이나 공간의 구분이 어렵다. 이를 해결하기 위한 방식을 제안한다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2015

2007년부터 2008년에 걸친 라오스 지역 채집을 통하여 라오스 미기록 양치식물 15종을 발견할 수 있었다. 이들은 전부 동남아시아 및 열대 지역에 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이들의 목록은 다음과 같다. Asplenicaceae (Asplenium delavayi, A. rockii), Athyriaceae (Anisocampium cuspidatum), Dennstaedtiaceae (Microlepia hookeriana, Pteridium revolutum), Dryopteridaceae (Didymochlaena truncatula, Dryopteris cochleata, Polystichum biaristatum, P. lindsaefolium), Gleicheniaceae (Dicranopteris curranii), Hypodematiaceae (Hypodematium crenatum), Lindsaeaceae (Lindsaea heterophylla), Pteridaceae (Pteris decrescens), Polypodiaceae (Pyrrosia nummulariifolia) 및 Thelypteridaceae (Cyclosorus dentatus).