• 공업화학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.243-248
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 아스코르빈산을 이용하여 다성분계(Pd, Ru, Rh, Nd, Cs, Sr, Fe, Ni, Zr, Mo)의 모의고준위폐액 내에 있는 Pd의 침전 분리와 침전물의 특성이 조사되었다. 아스코르빈산의 금속이온들에 대한 환원특성을 이용하여 다성분계 모의폐액 내에 함유된 Pd을 선택적으로 침전 분리할 수 있었으며, 질산농도 0.5 M에서는 0.04 M의 아스코르빈산을 첨가함으로써 99.5% 이상의 Pd을 침전 분리시킬 수 있었다. 아스코르빈산에 의한 Pd 이온의 환원 반응은 질산농도가 중요한 역할을 하며, 질산농도가 증가할수록 Pd의 침전율은 감소하였다. 용액의 질산농도가 높고 아스코르빈산의 첨가량이 적은 경우 생성된 Pd 침전물은 평형에 도달하면서 재용해 현상이 나타났다. 생성된 Pd 침전물은 모의용액의 성분계와 관계없이 Pd금속 결정으로 형성되었으며, $1.0{\mu}m$ 이하의 입자가 응집된 형태로 나타났다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2007

The development of neonatal neuromuscular system is accomplished by the functional interaction between the spinal neurons and its target cells, skeletal muscle cells, and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting this process. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of suspension unloading (SU) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) upon the development of the neonatal spinal cord. For this study, the neonatal rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, an experimental group I, and an experimental group II. The SU for experimental group I and II was applied from postnatal day (PD) 5 to PD 30, and the NMES for experimental group II was applied from PD 16 to PD 30 using NMES that gave isometric contraction with 10 Hz for 30 minutes twice a day. In order to observe the effect of SU and NMES, this study observed neutrophin-3 (NT-3) and microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord (L4-5) at the PD 15 and PD 30. The results are as follows. At PD 15, lumbar spinal cord of experimental group I and II had significantly lower NT-3 and MAP2 immunoreactivity than control group. It proved that a microgravity condition restricted the spinal development. At PD 30, lumbar spinal cord of control group and experimental group II had significantly higher NT-3 and MAP2 immunoreactivity than experimental group I. It proved that the NMES facilitated the spinal development by spinal cord-skeletal muscle interaction. These results suggest that weight bearing during the neonatal developmental period is essential for the development of neuromuscular development. Also, the NMES on its target skeletal muscle can encourage the development of the spinal cord system with a full supplementation of the effect of weight bearing, which is an essential factor in neonatal developmental process.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.333-337
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• 2002

소나무를 95% 에탄올로 추출하여 얻은 추출물을 40 mg/mL 첨가하였을때 Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, Listeria monocytogenes Brie I. isteria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 3균주의 성장이 억제되었으며 이를 다시 용매별로 순차 분획한 후 3균주에 대한 증식저해효과는 특히 ether 분획 물이 높게 나타났다. 소나무 추출물 40 mg/mL 첨가에 의해 Listeria monocytogenes 3균주 모두 균체의 성장 단계 중 유도기인 4시간째 회수한 균체에서 높은 생균수 감소 현상이 확인되었다. 전자현미경으로 확인한 균체의 형태는 대조구의 균체표면은 매끈하고 손상의 흔적이 없으나 처리구의 균체의 표면은 손상되었거나 형태가 이상을 일으킨 모습을 볼 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.4031-4036
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• 2012

Background: The negative signaling provided by interactions of the co-inhibitory molecule, programmed death-1 (PD-1), and its ligands, B7-H1 (PD-L1) and B7-DC (PD-L2), is a critical mechanism contributing to tumor evasion; blockade of this pathway has been proven to enhance cytotoxic activity and mediate antitumor therapy. Here we evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy of AAV-mediated delivery of the extracellular domain of murine PD-1 (sPD-1) to a tumor site. Material and Methods: An rAAV vector was constructed in which the expression of sPD-1, a known negative regulator of TCR signals, is driven by human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV-P), using a triple plasmid transfection system. Tumor-bearing mice were then treated with the AAV/sPD1 construct and expression of sPD-1 in tumor tissues was determined by semi quantitative RT-PCR, and tumor weights and cytotoxic activity of splenocytes were measured. Results: Analysis of tumor homogenates revealed sPD-1 mRNA to be significantly overexpressed in rAAV/sPD-1 treated mice as compared with control levels. Its use for local gene therapy at the inoculation site of H22 hepatoma cells could inhibit tumor growth, also enhancing lysis of tumor cells by lymphocytes stimulated specifically with an antigen. In addition, PD-1 was also found expressed on the surfaces of activated CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: This study confirmed that expression of the soluble extracellular domain of PD-1 molecule could reduce tumor microenvironment inhibitory effects on T cells and enhance cytotoxicity. This suggests that it might be a potential target for development of therapies to augment T-cell responses in patients with malignancies.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.48.1-48.11
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• 2020

Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) is a distinct pattern of progression characterized by acceleration of tumor growth after treatment with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Abs. However, the immunological characteristics have not been fully elucidated in patients with HPD. We prospectively recruited patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Abs between April 2015 and April 2018, and collected peripheral blood before treatment and 7-days post-treatment. HPD was defined as ≥2-fold increase in both tumor growth kinetics and tumor growth rate between pre-treatment and post-treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by multi-color flow cytometry to phenotype the immune cells. Of 115 patients, 19 (16.5%) developed HPD, 52 experienced durable clinical benefit (DCB; partial response or stable disease ≥6 months), and 44 experienced non-hyperprogressive progression (NHPD). Patients with HPD had significantly lower progression-free survival (p<0.001) and overall survival (p<0.001). When peripheral blood immune cells were examined, the pre-treatment frequency of CD39⁺ cells among CD8⁺ T cells was significantly higher in patients with HPD compared to those with NHPD, although it showed borderline significance to predict HPD. Other parameters regarding regulatory T cells or myeloid derived suppressor cells did not significantly differ among patient groups. Our findings suggest high pre-treatment frequency of CD39⁺CD8⁺ T cells might be a characteristic of HPD. Further investigations in a larger cohort are needed to confirm our results and better delineate the immune landscape of HPD.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1158-1163
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• 2001

김치의 선도를 유지할 수 있는 천연물의 사용 방안을 모색코져 소나무 추출물에 대한 김치 발효관련 유산균의 성장특성을 비교한 결과, 소나무 에탄을 추출물 40 mg/mL 첨가에 의해 김치에서 분리한 유산균인 A-1, B-9, K-7, M-7의 성장은 뚜렷하게 억제되었다. 특히 ehtyl acetate분획물이 항균 효과가 뚜렷하였다. 소나무 에탄올 추출물을 첨가한 김치 발효 25일 동안 대조구에 비해 pH와 산도의 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 소나무 에탄을 추출물 첨가 김치의 숙성중 총균수와 유산균수는 대조구에 비해 전 숙성기간동안 1에서 2 log cyc1e 억제되는 경향을 나타내었다. 소나무 에탄을 추출물 첨가에 의해 김치의 숙성은 액제되는 경향을 나타내었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.2223-2227
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• 2010

Reaction of [(bpy)Pd]$(PF_6)_2$ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) with racemic bis(isonicotinoyl)-1,1'-bi-2-naphtholate (L) in acetone, and followed by addition of chloroform and solvent evaporation allows to form amorphous micro-bowl morphology consisting of $[(bpy)PdL]_2(PF_6)_4$ without any template or additive. In contrast, the reaction and recrystallization in acetone for 1 week produce parallel-piped single crystals consisting of $[(bpy)_3Pd_3({\mu}_3-HPO_4)_2](PF_6)_2$. The formations of micro-bowl and parallel-piped single crystal morphologies appear to be primarily associated with the kinetic and thermodynamic control, respectively. The formation of micro-bowls may be attributed to eruption of organic solvents. Cosolvent effects and chemical properties on the formation of micro-bowl morphology have been observed.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-56
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• 2024

In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the molecular profiling of gastric cancer. This progress has led to the development of various molecular classifications to uncover subtype-specific dependencies that can be targeted for therapeutic interventions. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a crucial biomarker for advanced gastric cancer. The recent promising results of novel approaches, including combination therapies or newer potent agents such as antibody-drug conjugates, have once again brought attention to anti-HER2 targeted treatments. In HER2-negative diseases, the combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy and programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors has become the established standard of care in first-line settings. In the context of gastric cancer, potential biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression, Epstein-Barr virus, microsatellite instability, and tumor mutational burden are being considered for immunotherapy. Recently, promising results have been reported in studies on anti-Claudin18.2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 treatments. Currently, many ongoing trials are aimed at identifying potential targets using novel approaches. Further investigations will be conducted to enhance the progress of these therapies, addressing challenges such as primary and acquired resistance, tumor heterogeneity, and clonal evolution. We believe that these efforts will improve patient prognoses. Herein, we discuss the current evidence of potential targets for systemic treatment, clinical considerations, and future perspectives.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6187-6195
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• 2012

네오디뮴 폐자석 침출액으로부터 희유금속인 네오디뮴을 회수하기 위해서는 네오디뮴과 같이 침출되는 철의 부가가치를 높이는 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 네오디뮴과 같이 침출되는 철의 유용자원화를 위한 기초연구로 철 나노분말 제조하는 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구는 $FeCl_3$ 용액을 철 분말 원료로, 분산제는 $Na_4O_7P_2$와 Polyvinylpyrrolidone를 이용하였고, 환원제로는 $NaBH_4$, 철 나노분말 핵생성 촉진제 시드(seed)로 염화팔라듐을 사용하였다. 제조한 철 나노분말을 XRD, 전자현미경(SEM) 및 PSA 등을 이용하여 분말의 형상 및 크기 등을 분석하였다. 철과 $NaBH_4$의 농도비가 1 : 5이며, 반응시간이 30분 이상인 경우에서 철 분말이 제조되었으며, 이때 철 분말은 구형이었으며, 입도는 약 50 nm ~ 100 nm 크기였다. 분산제 $Na_4O_7P_2$의 경우 100 mg/L에서 철이온의 제타포텐셜이 음의 값을 가지므로 100 mg/L로 일정하게 하고, PVP와 Pd의 농도를 다양하게 하였을 경우, $FeCl_3$와 PVP와 Pd의 질량비 1 : 4 및 1 : 0.001에서, 분산이 양호하고, 입도 100 nm 크기인 철 나노분말을 합성하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.647-650
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• 2001