• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.27.1-27.11
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• 2020

Although various studies on predictive markers in the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are in progress, only PD-L1 expression levels in tumor tissues are currently used. In the present study, we investigated whether baseline serum levels of IL-6 can predict the treatment response of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. In our cohort of 125 NSCLC patients, the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were significantly higher in those with low IL-6 (<13.1 pg/ml) than those with high IL-6 (ORR 33.9% vs. 11.1%, p=0.003; DCR 80.6% vs. 34.9%, p<0.001). The median progression-free survival was 6.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9-8.7) in the low IL-6 group, significantly longer than in the high IL-6 group (1.9 months, 95% CI, 1.6-2.2, p<0.001). The median overall survival in the low IL-6 group was significantly longer than in the high IL-6 group (not reached vs. 7.4 months, 95% CI, 4.8-10.0). Thus, baseline serum IL-6 levels could be a potential biomarker for predicting the efficacy and survival benefit of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in NSCLC.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.244-251
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• 1995

이소옥사졸과 그의 유도체를 가진 팔라듐(II) 착물 $[Pd(L)_2X_2]$, L=isoxazole(isox), 3,5-dimethylisoxazole(3,5-diMeisox), 3-methyl, 5-phenylisoxazole(3-Me, 5-Phisox), and 4-amino, 3,5-dimethylisoxazole(4-ADI); X=Cl, Br)의 항암활성을 확장분자궤도함수(EHMO)법으로 조사하였다. X 원자의 알짜전하 값은 trans-이성체가 cis-이성체보다 음의 값으로 대체로 크게 나타났고, X=Cl일 때가 X=Br일 때보다 음의 값으로 커서, Cl일 때가 이탈이 용이함을 알 수 있었다. Pd(dx2-y2)-X(px)의 ${\sigma}MO$ 에너지($E{\sigma}(Pd-X)$)가 Pd(dx2-y2)-N(px)의 ${\sigma}MO$ 에너지 ($E{\sigma}(Pd-N)$)보다 예외없이 더 높아서 결합이 약함을 알았다. 아울러 같은 착물에서 cis-보다 trans-착물에서 ${\sigma}(Pd-X)$값이 더 높아서 결합이 약함을 알았다. 따라서 $X^-$ 이온으로 떨어져 나가는 용이성과 그 구조변화가 항암활성과 관계가 있을 것으로 생각하고 $E{\sigma}(N-X)(E{\sigma}(Pd-N)－E{\sigma}(Pd-X))$값과 저해활성 계수인 logIA의 값을 도시하였던 바 실험치와 상관 계수가 0.96안 좋은 직선성이 성립함을 알았다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1047-1053
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• 2009

The future use of hydrogen as an energy source is expected to increase on account of its environmentally friendliness. In order to enhance the production of hydrogen, Pd ions (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mol%) were incorporated $TiO_2$ (Pd-$TiO_2$) and used as a photocatalyst. The UV-visible absorbance decreased with increasing level of palladium incorporation without a wavelength shift. Although all the absorption plots showed excitation characteristics, there was an asymmetric tail observed towards a higher wavelength caused by scattering. However, the intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) curves of Pd-$TiO_2$ was smaller, with the smallest case being observed at 0.1 and 0.5 mol% Pd-$TiO_2$, which was attributedto recombination between the excited electrons and holes. Based on these optical characteristics, the evolution of $H_2$ from methanol/water (1:1) photo-splitting over Pd-$TiO_2$ in the liquid system was enhanced, compared with that over pure $TiO_2$. In particular, 2.4 mL of $H_2$ gas was produced after 8 h when 0.5 g of a 1.0 mol% Pd-$TiO_2$ catalyst was used. $H_2$ was stably evolved even after 28 h without catalytic deactivation, and the amount of $H_2$ produced reached 14.5 mL after 28 h. This is in contrast to the case of the Pd 0.1 mol% impregnated $TiO_2$ of $H_2$ evolution of 17.5 mL due to the more decreasedelectron-hole recombination.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.545-555
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• 2002

Ginsenosides of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol classification including the aglycones, PD, PI and ginsenosides Rh2, Rhl were shown to posses characteristic effects on proliferation of THP-l human leukaemia cells. A similar result was not apparent for ginsenoside Rg3 or dexamathasone. The concentration to inhibit $50\%$ of cells $(LC_{50})$ for PD, Rh2, PI and Rhl were 13 ${\mu}g/mL,\;15{\mu}g/mL,\;19{\mu}g/mL\;and\;210\;{\mu}g/mL$ respectively. Cell cycle analysis showed apoptosis with PD and PI treatment of THP-1 cells resulting in a build up of sub-G1 cells after 24, 48 and 72 hours of treatment. Rh2, and dexamathasone treatments also increased apoptotic cells after 24 hours, where as Rhl did not. After 48 and 72 hours Rh2, Rhl and dexamathasone similarly increased apoptosis, but these effects were significantly (P<0.05) lower than observed for both PD and PI treatments. Furthermore, treatments that produced the largest build up of apoptotic cells were also found to have the largest release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). It can be concluded from these studies that the presence of sugars to PD and PI aglycone structure reduces the potency to induce apoptosis, and alternately alter membrane integrity. These cytotoxic effects to THP-l cells were different from dexamethasone.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.572-577
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• 2018

Recent studies showed that the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade is a dramatic therapy for melanoma by enhancing antitumor immune activity. Currently, major strategies for the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade have mainly focused on the use of antibodies and compounds. Seeking an alternative approach, others employ endogenous proteins as blocking agents. The extracellular domain of PD-1 (ePD1) includes the binding site with PD-L1. Accordingly, we constructed a PD-1-based recombinantly tailored fusion protein (dFv-ePD1) that consists of bivalent variable fragments (dFv) of an MMP-2/9-targeted antibody and ePD1. The melanoma-binding intensity and antitumor activity were also investigated. We found the intense and selective binding capability of the protein dFv-ePD1 to human melanoma specimens was confirmed by a tissue microarray. In addition, dFv-ePD1 significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of mouse melanoma B16-F1 cells, and displayed cytotoxicity to cancer cells in vitro. Notably, dFv-ePD1 significantly inhibited the growth of mouse melanoma B16-F1 tumor cells in mice and in vivo fluorescence imaging showed that dFv-ePD was gradually accumulated into the B16-F1 tumor. Also the B16-F1 tumor fluorescence intensity at the tumor site was stronger than that of dFv. This study indicates that the recombinant protein dFv-ePD1 has an intensive melanoma-binding capability and exerts potent therapeutic efficacy against melanoma. The novel format of the PD-L1-blocked agent may play an active role in antitumor immunotherapy.

• 센서학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 1997

Pd/NiCr 게이트 MISFET 센서는 변압기 절연유중 용존수소를 감지하기 위해 제조되었다. 센서의 안정성과 고농도 감지성의 향상을 위해 Pd/NiCr 2중 촉매 금속 게이트가 사용되었다. 수소유입에 의한 게이트 전압의 드리프트를 줄이기 위해, 2개의 FET 게이트 절연층을 실리콘 산화막과 실리콘 질화막의 2중 구조로 하였다. Pd/NiCr 게이트 MISFET 센서의 수소 감응 감도는 Pd/Pt 게이트 MISFET 센서의 감도에 비해 약 0.5배이나, 안정성이 좋고, 1000 ppm까지의 고농도까지 측정할 수 있었다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2004

Several transition metal complexes, [$M(L)X_2$](M=Pd(II), Ni(II); X=CI, Br) are prepared with aminophosphine ligands such as 1,2-bis{(diphenylphosphino)amino}ethane{$Ph_2PNHCH_2CH_2NHPPh_2$}($L_1$), 1,2-bis{(diphenylphosphino)amino}propane{$Ph_2PNHCH(CH_3)CH_2NHPPh_2$}($L_2$), trans-1,2-bis{(diphenylphosphino)amino}cyclohexane{$Ph_2PNHC_6H_{10}NHPPh_2$}($L_3$) and 1,2-bis{(diphenylphosphino)amino}benzene{$Ph_2PNHC_6H_4NHPPh_2$}($L_4$). The properties of these complexes are characterized by optical spectroscopic methods including UV/vis spectroscopy, CD, IR, $^1H$- and $^{31}P-NMR$ together with conductometer and elemental analysis. All complexes are stable under atmospheric environment. Catalytic reactivity for C-C coupling between [$M(L)X_2$] and Grignard reagents(RMgX; R=phenyl, propyl, buthyl) by thermolysis were investigated utilizing GC/mass, $^1H$- and $^{13}C-NMR$. When mol scale is 1:20 at [$Pd(L)Cl_2$] and Grignard reagents, the high catalytic activity for C-C coupling is apparent. The [$M(L)X_2$](X=Cl, Br) complexes which have strong bond at M-P exhibit high yields for C-C coupling reactions. When the central metal ion is Pd(II), the high catalytic activity for C-C coupling is apparent. The complex coordinated with Br shows higher catalytic activity for C-C coupling reactions compared to Cl.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 1998

실용치과재료로 사용되고 있는 Ag-Pd-Cu 3 원계 합금의 시효석출과정을 Pd 및 Cu의 용질 농도의 조성비가 약 1.7인 합금과 이 합금에서 2wt%Au의 첨가합금에 미치는 영향을 조사 분석하여 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. Ag-25Pd-15Cu 3원 합금은 ${\alpha}$의 단일상에서 ${\alpha}_1$ (Cu-rich), ${\alpha}_2$(Ag-rich) 및 PdCu 규칙상에 의해서 경화반응이 진행되며 연속승온시효에 의하면 $100{\sim}300^{\circ}C$의 저항증가와 $300{\sim}500^{\circ}C$의 저항감소라고 하는 2단계 변화에 의해서 경화곡선이 얻어졌다. 또한 본 합금의 시효과정은 ${\alpha}{\to}{\alpha}+{\alpha}_2+PdCu{\to}{\alpha}_1+{\alpha}_2+PdCu$이고 2상분리 반응에 경화되며 최고경화는 ${\alpha}_1,\;{\alpha}_2$ 및 PdCu 규칙상의 혼합영역에서 나타났다. 이들 석출반응은 입계반응이고 반응의 진행과 함께 경도값은 상승하고 경화촉진에 기여하였다. 또한 Nodule은 미세한 lamella조직을 나타내고 이들 ${\alpha}_2$와 PdCu상과의 미세한 혼합상의형성이 시효경화에 기여하는 주된 원인이 되었다. 과시효는 lamella의 조대화와 PdCu상의 ${\alpha}2$상으로의 용해에 따른 정량적 감소에 대응하였다. 석출상은 thin lamella구조의 잘 방위된 미세한 판상석출물로서 이들 미세 판상석출물은 AuCu($L1_0$)type의 face-centered tetragonal(fct)의 초격자구조였다. 규칙화된 미세한 판상석출물은 stair-step mode로서 twinning에 의해 형성되며 이것은 시효에 의해 $L1_0$ type의 PdCu 규칙상과 같은 초격자 형성시 정방비틀림 때문이라고 생각된다. 이들 twinning lamella는 귀금속원소에 의해 형성된 $L1_0$ type의 PdCu 규칙상과 같기 때문에 이들 합금의 부식저항에도 기여하였다. Ag-25Pd-15Cu합금은 전반적으로 양호한 내식성을 나타내며 Pd.Cu=1인 합금에서보다도 Pd함량이 높은 Pd/Cu=1.7에서 내식성이 보다 우수한 것은 Pd 함량이 내식성에 기여하였고 2%Au의 첨가에 의해서 부식성을 개선할 수 있었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to propose the development of high quality electromagnetic wave shielding fabrics. Silver nitrate is used for polyester fabric as an electromagnetic wave shielding material. The effects of activators and electroless silver plating condition on the evenness and adhesion of silver to fabrics, are observed through the SEM micrographs. Surface morphology and wash-ability are measured using SEM. The results are as follows: The optimum weight loss by alkaline hydrolysis of polyester fabrics is about 20%. The optimum concentration of $SnCl_2$ and $PdCl_2$in catalyst reaction using $PdCl_2$ as an activator is 2.5g/L and 0.5g/L, respectively. The optimum concentration of dextrose to improve adhesion between the silver plating and fabrics is 45g/L. The optimum concentration of silver nitrate in the catalyst reaction, using $PdCl_2$ as an activator is 56g/L, respectively. The optimum plating temperature and time are $15^{\circ}C$ and 30minutes, respectively.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.679-684
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• 1992

$trans-[Pd(en)_2Cl_2](ClO_4)-2$ (en = ethylenediamine)와 purine 염기인 Guanine, Adenine 또는 pyrimidine 염기인 Uracil anion을 반응시켜 새로운 팔라듐(IV) 착물을 얻었다. 착물의 중심금속과 각 리간드의 조성비는 $C{\cdot}H{\cdot}N$ 원소 분석으로써 확인하였으며 리간드의 배위자리 등 착물의 구조는 적외선 흡수 스펙트럼 및 $^1H-NMR,\; ^{13}C-NMR$로써 조사하였다. Guanine 또는 Adenine 착물을 purine계 염기가 N7 자리에 배위되었고 출발물질로부터 하나의 en 리간드가 이탈하고 두 $ClO_4^-$가 배위된 $[Pd(en)L_2(ClO_4)_2](ClO_4)_2{\cdot}(en)$ (L = Guanine, Adenine) 구조이다. Uracil 착물은 en과 $ClO_4^-$의 이동없이 Uracil anion의 N1 자리가 배위된 $[Pd(en)_2(Urac)_2](ClO_4)_2$ (Urac = Uracil anion) 구조의 착물로 추정되었다.