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The Pedestrian Integrated Circulation System in Mixed-use Building based on User Behavior (이용자 행태 기반 복합건축 보행자 통합동선계획)

  • Lee, Jin-Kyoung;Kim, Chan-Ju
    • Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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    • v.35 no.12
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    • pp.21-29
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of the study is to be the pedestrian integrated circulation system of malling route and the third route in Mixed-use Building based on User Behavior. The study has performed by the following approaches: Initially, literature reviews are performed related to a pedestrian route by user in mixed-use building. Second, general and stroller users moving route are analyzed based on the outcome of the case study. Finally, the study develops the efficient pedestrian integrated circulation system of malling route and the third route in Mixed-use Building. According to the study, the following conclusions were made: First, An integrated plan for escalators and EVs, which are accessible to both users and strollers, is needed. Second, The entrance automatic door and circulation elements should be connected for continuous move by the stroller users. Finally, The circulation system of complex buildings should be a simple spatial structure and route plan that users can easily recognize.

99mTc Labeling Kit Preparation and Characteristics of Anti-NCA-95 Monoclonal Antibody (항 NCA-95 단일클론항체의 99mTc표지 키트 제조 및 특성 연구)

  • Hong, Mee-Kyoung;Jeong, Jae-Min;Chung, June-Key;Choi, Seok-Rye;Kim, Chae-Kyun;Lee, Yong-Jin;Lee, Dong-Soo;Lee, Myung-Chul;Koh, Chang-Soon
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.541-547
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    • 1996
  • The previous monoclonal antibody labeling method for bone marrow immunoscintigrapy was complicated and laborious for clinical application. Also it showed a relatively low labeling efficiency. To improve this procedure, we compared several direct labeling methods of 99mTc. 1) The labeling efficiency in the method using gluconate as a transchelator was low (40-70%), but immunoscintigraphy using this radiotracer produced a clear image. 2) To improve labeling efficiency, β-mercaptoethanol was removed after reduction. The labeling efficiency was improved up to 70-80%, but the radioactivity of the blood pool was high. 3) The higest labeling efficiency (>90%) and best quality images could be obtained by using MDP as a transchelating agent. It did not require additional procedures for separation of labeled antibodies. The immunoreactivity of this antibody was 60%. Residual MDP which can be taken up by the bone could be removed by PD-10 column. The reduced antibodies were stable with a high labeling efficiency (>90%) for up to 47 days by deep freezing. We concluded that the improved procedure for 99mTc labeling of anti-NCA-95 monoclonal antibody using MDP as a transchelating agent will be a simple and useful method for clinical application.

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Studies on the Anti-aging Action of Korean Ginseng (I) Comparative Study of Red and White Ginsengs on Anti-aging Action (고려인삼(高麗人蔘)의 노화억제작용(老化抑制作用)에 관한 연구(硏究) 제1보(第1報) 홍삼(紅蔘)과 백삼(白蔘)의 노화억제작용(老化抑制作用) 비교연구(比較硏究))

  • Choi, Jin Ho;Oh, Sung Ki
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.323-335
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    • 1983
  • The inhibitory effects of the extract and crude saponin of red and white ginsengs on lipoperoxide formation in vitro and in vivo were studied and correlated with anti-aging. To this end, antioxidant activity, induction period and lipoperoxide were measured by the methods of EDA, POV and TBA value. And also superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity were measured by pyrogallol autoxidation method (ΔA 420/min) and initial velocity(ΔA 436/min), respectively. From HPLC analysis, the PT/PD ratio of red and white ginsengs was found to be 0.561% and 0.401%, respectively, and red ginseng increased the PT/PD ratio in comparison with white ginseng. The EDA activity of red ginseng was higher than that of white ginseng; red ginseng showed stronger antioxidative effect than white ginseng. The inhibitory effect of red ginseng was lower than that of white ginseng during the induction period. It was proved that high molecular coloring substance was deeply related to the initial stage of lipoperoxidation. There was no significant difference between red and white ginsengs in both in vitro and intraperitoneal administration experiments, and red ginseng was more effective than white ginseng in longterm administration. And also inhibitory effect on lipoperoxide formation was mainly occurred in liver, suggesting that the function of liver played an important role in anti-aging actions. From the measurement of superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity for both ginseng groups intraperitoneally and orally administered, it was found that red ginseng group administered extract and crude saponin showed remarkable inhibitory effects in comparison with white ginseng. In particular, orally administered group showed more stronger inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in comparison with intraperitoneally administered group. It was also found that the continuous oral administration was more effective than temporary administration. Red ginseng was more notable anti-aging effect in comparison with white ginseng in vivo, and this may be due to the increase of SOD activity in rat-liver. Peroxidase activity also showed similar trend to SOD activity in vitro and in vivo experiments. Red ginseng was not only superior to white ginseng for preservation but also for biochemical and pharmaceutical efficacy.

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Angiotensin II-Induced Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species Is Regulated by a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/L-Type Calcium Channel Signaling Pathway (Angiotensin II에 의해 유도되는 활성산소발생 기전에 대한 연구)

  • Jin, Seo Yeon;Ha, Jung Min;Kim, Young Whan;Lee, Hye Sun;Bae, Sun Sik
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.231-236
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    • 2015
  • Angiotensin II (AngII) is an essential hormone that affects vascular physiology. For example, stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) rapidly induces vasoconstriction and results in the up-regulation of blood pressure. Chronic stimulation of VSMCs with AngII also results in hypertrophy. In this study, we confirmed an involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent calcium mobilization in AngII-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Stimulation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) with AngII significantly induced the generation of ROS in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AngII-induced generation of ROS was completely abolished by pharmacological inhibition of PI3K (with LY294002), but inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway had no effect. AngII-induced calcium mobilization was completely blocked by inhibition of PI3K, whereas inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway by PD98059 was ineffective. Depletion of extracellular calcium or inhibition of the L-type calcium channel by nifedipine completely blocked AngII-induced calcium mobilization. Depletion of extracellular calcium by EGTA and incubation of RASMCs with calcium-free medium both significantly blocked AngII-induced ROS generation. Inhibition of the L-type calcium channel also significantly blocked AngII-induced ROS generation. These results suggest that AngII-induced ROS generation is regulated by calcium mobilization, which, in turn, is modulated by a PI3K/L-type calcium channel signaling pathway.

The Anti-Proliferation and Oxidative Damage-Related Mechanism of L-Carnitine in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells (L-carnitine에 의한 인간대장암세포주 증식억제 및 산화적손상 기전 규명)

  • Lee, Jooyeon;Park, Jeong-Ran;Jang, Aera;Yang, Se-Ran
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.303-308
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    • 2019
  • L-carnitine is found in high levels in muscle tissues. It has been developed as a nutrient and dietary supplement, and also used as a therapeutic supplement in various diseases including type II diabetes, osteoporosis and metabolic neuropathies. However, it is not fully understood how it affects cellular mechanisms in colorectal cancer. Therefore, we attempted to determine the effect of L-carnitine in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. First, the HCT116 cells were exposed to L-carnitine for 24 hours at 0-40 mM, and then analyzed for cellular proliferation, oxidative stress and related mechanisms. In a MTT assay, L-carnitine inhibited cellular proliferation and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HCT116 by DCF-DA analysis. To analyze the mechanism of L-carnitine in colorectal cancer cells, we performed a western blot analysis for pERK1/2 and pp38 MAP kinase. The western blot showed that L-carnitine significantly increased protein levels of pERK1/2 and pp38 compared with control. Taken together, we found that L-carnitine has anti-proliferative function via increased ROS and activation of ERK1/2 and p38 pathway in HCT116. These findings suggest that L-carnitine may have an anti-proliferative role on colorectal cancer.

Clinical Response to Etoposide Plus Carboplatin and Topotecan Chemotherapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer (소세포폐암에 대한 Etoposide와 Carboplatin 병합요법과 Topotecan 화학요법의 효과)

  • Park, Kyung Hwa;Cho, Gye Jung;Ju, Jin Young;Son, Chang Young;Wi, Jeong Ook;Kim, Kyu Sik;Kim, Yu Il;Lim, Sung Chul;Kim, Young Chul;Park, Kyung Ok
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.54 no.4
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    • pp.415-428
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    • 2003
  • Background : This study assessed the efficacy and toxicity of etoposide and carboplatin(EC) combination regimen as a first line therapy for small cell lung cancer(SCLC), and determined the efficacy and toxicity of topotecan for relapsed SCLC. Methods : One hundred and ten patients with previously untreated SCLC received etoposide(100mg/m2 i.v., day 1 to 3) and carboplatin(300mg/m2 i.v., day 1) combination chemotherapy every 3 weeks. For patients with relapsed SCLC after EC therapy, topotecan(1.5mg/m2) was administered for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks. Response rate, survival and toxicity profiles were assessed. Response was recorded as CR(complete remission), PR(partial remission), SD(stable disease) and PD(progressive disease). Results : One hundred and one patients were assessed for response to EC. Overall response rate to EC was 57.4%(CR 15.8%, PR 41.6%) with a time to progression of 10.3 months(median). The toxicity was tolerable and there was no treatment-related death. Twenty one relapsed SCLC patients were treated with topotecan. Of those who relapsed within 3 months of EC(refractory relapse, RR), 15.4%(2/13) showed PR, while of those who relapsed after 3 months(sensitive relapse, SR), 25%(2/8) exhibited PR. Grade 4 neutropenia was noted in 9.5% and 14.3% showed thrombocytopenia(G4). Conclusion : The EC regimen showed a moderate response rate for SCLC with minimal toxicity. The use of topotecan for relapsed SCLC warrants further investigation.

The mechanism of chondrogenesis inhibition by X-Irradiation (X선에 의한 연골세포 분화 억제 작용경로)

  • Ha, Jong-Yeol;Lim, Young-Bin;Lee, Yoon-Ae;Sonn, Jong-Kyung;Lee, Joon-Il
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.91-97
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of inhibition of chondrogenic differentiation by X-irradiation. Cultures of chick limb bud mesenchymal cells were exposed to various dose of X-ray and chondrogenesis was examined. X-irradiation inhibited accumulation of proteoglycan based on the observation of alcian blue staining and expression of chondorcyte specific-type II collagen. X-irradiation also inhibited expression of protein kinase Cα while expression of PKCλ(ι),ε was not altered. Expression of Erk-1 was not changed by X-irradiation but phosphorylation of Erk-1 was increased. In addition, inhibition of Erk-1 phosphorylation by PD98059 overcame inhibitory effect of X-irradiation on the chondrogenic differentiation. PNA staining data showed that X-irradiation inhibited cellular aggregation. Taken together, these results suggest that X-irradiation inhibits chondrogenic differentiation by inhibiting cellular aggregation and suppressing expression of PKCα and promoting phosphorylation of Erk-1. In addition to above pathway, our results also suggest that X-irradiation may exerts its inhibitory effect by another signaling pathways.

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Evaluation of co- and Sequential Separation for Tc, Np and U by a (TBPTOA)/ndodecaneHNO3 Extraction System ((TBPTOA)/ndodecaneHNO3 추출 계에 의한 Tc, Np, U의 공추출 및 순차분리 평가)

  • Lee, Eil-Hee;Lim, Jae-Kwan;Chung, Dong-Yong;Yang, Han-Beom;Kim, Kwang-Wook
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.133-143
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    • 2007
  • This study was performed to evaluate the co- and sequential separation of Tc, Np and U from the simulated multi-component HLW solution by a TBP (tributyl phosphate)-TOA (tri- octyl amine)/NDD (ndodecane)HNO3 extraction system. An optimal condition of (30% TBP-0.5% TOA)/NDD-1 M HNO3 was selected by taking account of a prevention of the 3rd phase and effects of concentration of TBP, TOA and nitric acid on the co-extraction of Tc, Np and U. In that condition, the extraction yields were 81% (Tc), 85% (Np), less than 9% (Am and RE elements), about 8% (Pd), and less than 5% (other elements) so that the system developed for the co-extraction of Tc, Np and U was proved to be available. For that, however, more than 99% of Zr was found to be pre-removed. The co-extracted Tc, Np and U were sequentially separated in order of Tc(stripping agent : 5 M HNO3)Np by reductive stripping (reductive-stripping agent : 0.1 M AHA)U (stripping agent : 0.01 M HNO3), and then their separation factors were evaluated. At these conditions, 95% of Tc, 98% of Np and 99% of U could be recovered in each step.

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Separation of Fission Product Elements from Synthetic Dissolver Solutions of Spent Pressurized Water Reactor Fuels by TBP/XAD16/HNO3Extraction Chromatography (TBP/XAD16/HNO3추출 크로마토그래피에 의한 모의 사용후핵연료 용해용액 중 미량 핵분열생성물 원소의 분리)

  • Lee, Chang Heon;Choi, Kwang Soon;Kim, Jung Suk;Choi, Ke Chon;Jee, Kwang Yong;Kim, Won Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.304-311
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    • 2001
  • A study has been carried out on the extraction chromatographic separation of fission products from spent pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuels for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric analysis. Impregnation capacity of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP), which is well known as an extractant in the field of uranium separation from various nuclear grade materials, on Amberlite XAD polymeric macroporous support materials was measured. Amberlite XAD-16 of which the surface area is the highest was selected as a support material because its TBP impregnation capacity was the largest in Amberlite XADs. Sorption behaviour of this TBP impregnated resin was investigated for the fission product elements using acidic solutions simulated for dissolver solutions of spent PWR fuels. The parameters affecting the performance of the separation system were optimized. The fission product elements studied excluding Pd and Ru were quantitatively recovered with the precision of less than 3.1%.

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1,3-bisdicyanovinylindane 색소를 이용한 선택적 Hg2+ 감지 특성

  • Kim, Su-Ho;Kim, Young-Sung;Kim, Sung-Hoon;Son, Young-A
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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    • 2009.11a
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    • pp.19-20
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    • 2009
  • 최근 화학, 물리, 생명과학, 전기, 전자등의 다양한 분야에 활발하게 연구가 이루어지고 있는 초분자 화학은 선택적 분자인지를 위한 효율적인 골격구조와 나아가 다양한 계에 응용할 수 있다. 초분자 화학의 분자인지 과정의 특징은 일반적으로 수용체 (receptor 혹은 host)가 목표가 되는 기질 (substrate, analyte, 혹은 guest)에 대하여 선택적으로 식별하고 반응하는 것이다. 비공유 결합성 상호작용에 의하여 이루어지는 초분자 화학의 분자 인지 과정의 특징은 일반적으로 수용체 (receptor 혹은 host)가 목표가 되는 기질 (substrate, analyte, 혹은 guest)에 대하여 선택적으로 식별하고 반응하는 것이다. 이는 공유결합을 이용하는 분자화학과는 차별화 된 것이다. 수용체는 간단한 구조의 화합물 및 금속 이온들과 같은 기질과 가역적으로 상호 작용할 수 있는 착물을 형성한다. 최근들어 급격한 산업화가 진행되어 환경문제가 심각하게 대두 되어져 왔고, 그 중에서 특히 수은이나 카드뮴에 의한 질병, 납에 의한 중독 등 중금속에 의한 오염이 크게 나타남에도 불구하고, 현재 그러한 중금속을 검출함에 있어 많은 비용과 시간이 드는 문제점이 있다. 또한 우리에게 이로운 금속은 효율적 분석을 통해 환경계와 의료계에 많은 도움을 줄 것으로 사례되므로 화학센서 기술의 개발은 절실히 요구되어지고 있다. 이에 새로운 1,3-bisdicyanovinylindane 을 통해 Hg2+ 금속의 감지 여부 알아보고, 그 특성을 파악하고자 한다. 1,3-indandion (2.18g, 14.9mmol), malononitrile (2.95g, 44.7mmol), ethanol 50ml를 20분간 상온에서 용해시킨다. 후에 sodium trihydrate acetate(3.05g)을 첨가한 후 5시간 동안 환류반응 시킨다. 이 과정에서 얻어진 용액을 필터과정을 통하여 에서 합성 반응 중에 생성된 불순물(1,3-dicyanovinylindane-1-one, monocondensation)을 제거한다. 필터과정을 통해 걸러진 미 반응 물질을 제�G 용반응욕액을 증류수(100ml)를 이용하여 희석시키고 난 후 염산을 이용, 산성화 시켜 고체 생성물을 얻어낸다. 이렇게 생성된 고체 생성물은 다시 필터 및 건조를 통하여 회색의 고체 화합물을 얻어낸다. 1,3-bisdicyanovinylindane과 금속이온에 대한 감응도를 확인하기 위하여 metanol/water(1:2)을 용매로 하여 금속이온의 농도를 변화시켜 발색특성을 살펴보았다. 본 색소화합물과 Hg2+에 대한 UV 흡광도 변화 적정결과와 그 화합물의 상태 살펴본 결과 금속이온이 0.2ml씩 더 참가되면서 색의 변화를 뚜렷하게 나타내었다. 반면 그 밖에 이온(Fe3+, Ag2+, Pd2+, Zn2, Fe2+, Cu2+, Pb2+)은 UV 흡광도 변화가 적거나 변화 자체가 없었다. 하지만 과량의 Fe3+, Ag2+, Pd2+는 색상 변화를 나타내었으며,이와 같은 흡광도 변화는 금속에 따라 약간의 차이가 있지만, 420nm를 등흡수점으로 하여, 580nm의 파장 영역에 있는 흡수 밴드의 세기는 감소하는 반면 400nm 파장 영역에 있는 흡수 밴드의 세기가 증가하였다. 1,3-bisdicyanovinylindane 화합물은 다양한 생물계 및 환경계에서 요구되는 micro mol에서 milli mol 농도 영역의 Hg2+ 이온의 선택적이고 민감한 검출과 정량적인 분석에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

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