• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.114-124
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• 2000

In this research the results showed that Evans blue stain causes vascular permeation at antibody injection site by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) screening of octpus minor so we concluded. Octopus minor causes allergy. Psedosciaena Polyactis, Raja Kenojei, Metapenaeus joyneri also showed allergenicity. Microwave and autoclaving appeared to reduced allergenicity(up to 99%) during the technological treatment processing. On the other hand, UV light didn't seem to change the protein structure of allergens affect the allergenicity. Therefore, the technological treatment processing of fish such as canning and microwave would possibly reduce the allergenicity. Among the ultrafiltration fraction of Octopus minor, Pseudosciaena Polyactis, Raja Kenojei and Metapenaeus joyneri, those fraction over 100,000 contained allergen and those under 100,000 and when screening allergenic fish went through 10,000~100,000 ultrafiltration, only the fraction of over 100,000 showed the anaphylactis activity for PCA. However whether screening fish would cause anaphylaxis in human or not is questionable. The future clinical experiment will verify this result with clinical experiment patients.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 1994

Toxicity study of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (LBD-008), a newly developed drug for acute and chronic hepatitis, was investigated in mice and guinea pigs. 1. Mice showed no production of antibodies against LBD-008 inoculated with aluminum hydroxide gel (Alum) as an adjuvant, judged by the heterologous anaphylaxis (PCA) test using rats. On the other hand, antibodies against ovalbumin (OVA) inoculated with alum were definitely detected. 2. In the studies with guinea pigs, both the inoculation of LBD-008 only and of LBD-008 with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) as an adjuvant did not produce positive reactions in any of homologous active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA). On the other hand, the inoculation of ovalbumin with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) produced positive reaction in both of PCA and ASA. 3. These findings suggested that LBD-008 has no antigenic potential in mice or guinea pigs.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1994

Aqueous extreact of fresh ginseng (AFG) was examined for the antigenicity in Hartley guinea pigs in comparision with ovalbumin (OVA). When guinea pigs were sensitized with AFG emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), these animals showed negative reactions in active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA), active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) tests and passive hemagglutination (PHA) reaction. On the contrary, when guinea pigs were sensitized with OVA emulsified with CFA as positive controls, these animals disclosed positive reactions in ASA, ACA and PCA tests and PHA reaction. From these results, AFG was considered not to possess antigenic properties in guinea pigs. In addition, the dose levels of AFG empolyed in the present experiment were confirmed not to suppress immune reactions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6085-6088
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• 2013

Prostate specidic antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) are the known predictive factors for positive prostate biopsies differing according to the age, region and race. There have been only very limited studies about the impact of PSA on histological findings at prostate biopsy in Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PSA and clinical stage on histologic findings of prostate biopsy in men older than 75 years of age as a first study in the Turkish population. A total of 1,645 consecutive prostate biopsies were included, with 194 men aged 75 or older. Cancer was identified in 104 patients (53.6%). Of the 104 positive biopsies, Gleason scores were less than 7 in 53 (49%) patients, 7 or greater in 51 (51%) patients. Positive prostate biopsies were significantly correlated with advanced age (p=0.0001), abnormal DRE (p=0.0001) and raised PSA (p=0.0001). The prostate volume was significantly correlated with advanced age especially in prostate cancer patients over 75 years, compared with those under 75 (p=0.0001). These results are useful for counseling men older than 75 years for prostate cancer detection. However, PCa screening decisions are currently based on urologist judgment and detection of latent asymptomatic disease is an important concern regarding costs, overdiagnosis, overtreatment and quality of life (QOL) for men aged 75 years and older. Healthy old patients with a long life expectancy need to be carefully evaluated for eligibility for PCa screening.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3087-3091
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• 2014

Purpose: To determine the utility of digital rectal examination (DRE), serum total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) estimation, and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Materials and Methods: All patients with abnormal DRE, TRUS, or serum tPSA >4ng/ml, in any combination, underwent TRUS-guided needle biopsy. Eight cores of prostatic tissue were obtained from different areas of the peripheral prostate and examined histopathologically for the nature of the pathology. Results: PCa was detected in 151 (50.3%) patients, remaining 149 (49.7%) showed benign changes with or without active prostatitis. PCa was detected in 13 (56.5%), 9 (19.1%), 26 (28.3%), and 103 (74.6%) of patients with tPSA <4 ng/ml, 4-10 ng/ml, 10-20 ng/ml and >20 ng/ml respectively. Only 13 patients with PCa had abnormal DRE and TRUS with serum PSA <4 ng/ml. The detection rate was highest in patients with tPSA >20 ng/ml. The association between tPSA level and cancer detection was statistically significant (p<0.01). Among 209 patients with abnormal DRE and raised serum PSA, PCa was detected in 128 (61.2%). Conclusions: The incidence of PCa increases with increasing serum level of tPSA. The overall screening and detection rate can be further improved by using DRE, TRUS and TRUS-guided prostate needle biopsies.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.85-100
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate diagnostic value of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound about risk factor of stroke by comparing blood flow between patients with metabolic syndrome(MS group) and Normal group. Methods: 62 metabolic syndrome patients and 106 healthy adults were selected who had no cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases and other systemic diseases. We measured the mean velocity(Vm), peak systolic velocity(Vs) and pulsatility index(PI) of MCA, ACA, PCA, VA, ICA in two groups using TCD. All subjects were divided by gender and age. Results: In comparing Ms group with normal group, Vm in the MCA, ACA, PCA, ICA and Vs in the MCA, ICA were lower in MS group. In all vessels, PI of MS group were higher than that of Normal group. In all vessels, Vm and Vs revealed negative correlation with age and PI revealed positive correlation with age. In 20-39 year olds, there was decrease in the Vs and Vm and increase of PI of MS group in comparison with normal group. There was significant difference in the Vm of PCA, ICA, Vs of MCA, PCA, ICA and PI of MCA, ACA. In 40-59 year olds, Vm in the MCA, ACA, ICA and Vs in the MCA, ACA were lower in MS group. PI in the MCA, ACA, PCA, ICA were higher in MS group. In 60-79 year olds, Vm of MCA, PCA, ICA was decreased in MS group than Normal group with no statistical signification. Vs in the MCA was lower and PI in the PCA was higher in MS group. In male, Vm of PCA and Vs of MCA were lower and PI of MCA, ACA, PCA, ICA were higher in MS group. In female, Vm of MCA, PCA, ICA and Vs of MCA, ICA were lower and PI of ACA, PCA, VA, ICA were higher in MS group. Conclusions: The significant difference in Vm, Vs, PI between MS group and normal group suggests hemodynamic disorder. Screening and prognosing high risk group can be done through TCD and this can be used to prevent stroke. More detailed study will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.613-617
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• 2011

This study was conducted to compare the quality of the brown rice (BR) and milled rice (MR) during storage. To assess quality, BR and MR were analysed by their fat acidity and flavor pattern using a SMart Nose$^{(R)}$. BR was stored for 30 days at $30^{\circ}C$, and analysed after 5, 15, 20, and 30 days of storage. MR produced in 2005, 2009, and 2010 were also tested. The fat acidity of both rice groups was increased with extended storage and the fat acidity of BR was more rapidly increased than that of MR in general. The flavor patterns from the SMart Nose$^{(R)}$ results were analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA). The major groups of atomic mass unit (amu) for good discrimination contribution were from 41 to 85 amus. The PCA1 and PCA2 of BR were 95.64% and 2.78%, respectively when the samples were categorized by storage period. The PCA1 and PCA2 of MR were 81.18% and 13.85%, respectively when the samples were compared by production year. Both rice groups could be practically differentiated into flavor patterns by volatile properties for storage period. With regard to the correlation between fat acidity and flavor pattern, we could find that increasing storage period increased fat acidity value and changed flavor pattern from SMart Nose$^{(R)}$. Accordingly, SMart Nose$^{(R)}$ could be successfully used for easy screening and quality evaluation of stored rice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.5967-5970
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• 2015

Background: The prevalence of prostate cancer is considered high in many countries, and screening tests are very important in order to detect prostate cancer in its early stages; however false positivity with these screening tests means that a lot of patients undergo unnecessary biopsy, which is an invasive procedure, for the confirmatory test. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of unnecessary biopsy cases in patients referred for prostate biopsy in one of the most important and overload cancer centers in Syria. Materials and Methods: Retrospective data for a period of four years between January 2009 and December 2012 were collected in Al-Bayrouni University Medical hospital in Damascus, Syria. The patients from whom data were collected were referred to our histopathological department because of elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) serum or an abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE). All patients underwent prostatic TRUS-guided biopsies. Diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was based on histopathological examination and prostate cancers cases were graded and scored according to the Gleason score system. Results: For the 406 patients referred to biopsy, the $mean{\pm}SD$ age was $58.4{\pm}23.3$ years. The $mean{\pm}SD$ PSA level was $49.2{\pm}21.5ng/ml$. Of the total we found 237 patients diagnosed with PCa (58. 4%), 166 patients with BPH (40.9%) and 3 cases were unable to be diagnosed (0.7%) because of biopsy collection errors. Conclusions: Our study shows that a high percentage of patients are undergoing unnecessary biopsy, which suggests that the performed screening tests had a high level of false positive and may need re-evaluation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.4029-4032
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze any association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and cancer grade among men undergoing radical prostatectomy for PCa. Materials and Methods: 50 patients with MetS and 50 patients without MetS who undervent radical prostatectomy (RP) were included in the study. Age at biopsy, height, weight, digital rectal examination (DRE), pre-biopsy PSA levels, prostate volume, histopathologic diagnosis after surgery and gleason scores were collected data from all patients. Histologic material obtained at biopsy was given a Gleason score; tumours with a Gleason score ${\geq}7$ were considered high grade and <7 were considered low grade. Results: The mean age at the time of biopsy was $63.7{\pm}5.94$ in patients with MetS and $61.6{\pm}6.14$ in patients without MetS. Men with MetS had significantly lower PSA levels (p=0.01) ($7.21{\pm}2.74$ and $8.81{\pm}2.72$, respectively). Also, the men with MetS had higher RP tumor grade (p=0.04). Conclusions: Men with MetS undergoing RP have lower PSA levels and have significantly higher grade PCa. We must be careful for screening PCa in patients with MetS. Although the patients had lower PSA levels, they may have high grade disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2555-2558
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• 2014

Pirpose: The aim of this study to analyze the association between history of diabetes mellitus (DM) with risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and cancer grade among men undergoing radical prostatectomy for PCa. Materials and Methods: 50 patients with DM and 50 patients without DM who undervent radical prostatectomy (RP) were included in the study. Age at biopsy, height, weight, digital rectal examination (DRE), pre-biopsy PSA levels, prostate volume, histopathologic diagnosis after surgery and gleason scores were collected data from all patients. Histologic material obtained at biopsy was given a Gleason score; tumours with a Gleason score ${\geq}7$ were considered high grade and <7 were considered low grade. Results: The mean age at the time of biopsy was 63.7 in patients with DM and 61.6 in patients without DM. Diabetic men had significantly lower PSA levels (p=0.01). Mean PSA level $7.04{\pm}2.85$ in patients with DM and $8.7{\pm}2.86$ in patients without DM, respectively. Also, diabetic men had higher RP tumor grade than men without DM (p=0.04). We found that HbA1c levels were higher in patients who have high grade prostate cancer (p<0.05). Conclusions: Diabetic men undergoing RP have lower PSA levels and have significantly higher grade PCa. We must be careful for screening PCa in patients with DM. Although the patients had lower PSA levels, they might have high grade disease.