• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

This study analyzes the relationship between OECD DAC aid and recipients' corruption based on the good governance discussion. The study applies a fixed-effect model and PCSE model with a dataset of 43 African countries' corruption perception index, World Bank data, Polity IV, and OECD DAC aid statistics between 2000 and 2014. A statistical analysis confirmed that OECD DAC aid has a negative impact on corruption in African countries. DAC's aid affects negatively to corruption in African countries, especially in countries where democracy has matured. This research suggests that a more comprehensive follow-up study of the OECD DAC's good governance-oriented aid. Simultaneously, the general democratic effect on the recipients' institutions could not be applied in African countries, when considering regional peculiarities.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.207-231
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the intergovernment relationship on the local government's social welfare expenditure. The data of 230 local governments from 2003 to 2008 were analyzed with the PCSE(Panel Corrected Standard Errors) Model of Beck and Kats. The results were as follow. First, financial transfer from the higher governments increase the social welfare expenditure of the local governments. Second, the party structure, that is the political relationships among local, regional, and central governments, affect the social welfare expenditure of the local governments. Third, the local governments compete each other to expand the social welfare expenditure in Korea. These results suggest that the relationship of local governments with the higher ones as well as the community factors is important in Korea, where the centralization is still strong in the local autonomy system, to understand the development of social welfare.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-45
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• 2020

The rapid economic growth has brought tremendous pressure on the environment and caused severe air pollution in China. This study empirically examines causes of air pollution in China. Panel-corrected standard errors procedure (PCSE) was used to analyze major determinants of increasing or reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_X) in 30 Chinese provinces. The estimation results show that SO₂ emission is mitigated as per capita regional GDP increases, but the relation between emission of NO_X and per capita regional GDP is found to have an inverse N-shaped curve, which implies that emission of NO_X is ultimately expected to decline with economic growth. As for increasing factors of air pollutants, electricity consumption is a significant common source of SO₂ and NO_X emissions. Moreover, the results show that increment of coal consumption significantly affects emission of SO₂ while increase of natural gas consumption reduce emission of SO₂. On the other side, investment in energy industry, and investment on treatment of waste gases are determinants of mitigating emissions of SO₂, but have no impact on NO_X. Consumption of diesel, truck ratio and number of vehicles increase emission of NO_X. Meanwhile, higher precipitation rate is a common determinant of mitigating emissions of SO₂ and NO_X. Policy implications are suggested in the conclusion.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.5-21
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the employment policy for persons with disabilities on their employment rates. The subjects were 10 OECD counties of which policies are based on quotas or the prohibition of discrimination. The time-series data for the analysis were collected for 12 years from 2000 to 2011. A Panel-Corrected Standard Error(PCSE) analysis was conducted for the time-series cross-sectional data of this study. As a result, unemployment rates, proportions of persons with disabilities, and public expenditures on disability and sickness benefits(in % GDP) were statistically significant among control variables, while the coverages of discrimination prohibition and the types of delivery systems of vocational rehabilitation for persons with disabilities among the employment policy variables. The wider the coverages of discrimination prohibition are, the higher the employment rates of the disabled are. In addition, the employment rates of the disabled are higher in countries with specialized delivery systems for vocational rehabilitation than in countries with general delivery systems for vocational rehabilitation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.143-156
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• 2022

This article examines the effect of inward foreign direct investments (FDI) on the export performance of micro, small & medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India, and investigates the spillover impact and absorption capacity of the MSMEs sector. For the first time, the researchers applied the intersectoral linkage approach to investigate the matter and used a panel dataset between 2006 and 2017. The coefficients of forward and backward linkages are estimated by using the Rasmussen method, the study employs a basic linear panel data model, followed by various diagnostic tests to identify the problem of heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation / serial correlation, cross-sectional dependencies, multicollinearity, time-individual specific tests, and unobserved effects. The PCSE model was applied for robust standard error and the Hausman-Taylor IV model to check the robustness of the result generated in the linear panel data model. Despite the high prevalence of forward and backward intersectoral connections and the Lack of absorption capacity of local firms, the results show that FDI has little of an impact on the export performance of micro, small, and medium-sized businesses in India. This study adds to the existing literature on determining local firms' spillover effect and absorption capacity in response to inward FDI.

• Korean Public Administration Review
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.437-461
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• 2014

최근 재정건전성에 관한 논의가 확산되면서 비과세·감면제도는 유용성 관점에서 근본적인 변화를 요구받고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 정부는 경기부양 등 지역경제 활성화 도모차원에서 비과세·감면제도를 지속적으로 활용하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 비과세·감면의 경제적 효과에 관한 분석의 필요성을 제기하며, 이를 위해 강원도 18개 시·군을 대상으로 지방세 비과세·감면이 지역경제에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지에 관해 패널분석(PCSE)을 수행하였다. 패널분석 결과, 비과세·감면, 비과세, 감면 등이 지역경제에 미치는 영향은 다양하게 나타난다. 시 단위 지방자치단체의 경우 비과세·감면 규모가 증가될수록 지역경제에 정(+) 영향을 미치고 있다. 반면 군 단위 지방자치단체의 경우 변수 간 통계적으로 유의미하지 않아 비과세·감면정책이 지역경제를 활성화할 것이라는 정부의 주장은 다소 설득력이 낮다. 시 단위 지방자치단체의 경우 감면총액과 감면(조세특례제한법, 감면조례)규모가 증가될수록 지역경제에 정(+)의 영향을 미치지만, 지방세법 상 감면규모가 증가될수록 지역경제에 부(-)의 영향을 미치고 있다. 한편 군의 경우 지방세법 상감면규모가 증가될수록 지역경제에 정(+)의 영향을 미치지만, 감면조례에 근거한 감면규모가 증가될수록 지역경제에 부(-)의 영향을 미치고 있다. 분석결과에 근거한 정책적 함의는 다음과 같다. 정부는 지역경제 활성화를 위해 비과세·감면을 시행하면서 지방세수확충을 위해 또 다른 재정보전을 하고 있으나 지역경제에 미치는 영향이 그리 크지 않고 명확하지 않다. 따라서 비과세·감면의 규모를 줄이고 세수 확충을 통한 재정지출을 고려해야 한다. 특히 시 단위 지방자치단체의 경우 지방세법상 감면제도를 정비할 필요가 있고, 군 단위 지방자치단체의 경우 감면조례에 근거한 감면제도를 정비할 필요가 있다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.91-118
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• 2005

This paper examines the impact of the institutional complementarity between welfare regimes and production regimes on income inequality. Using comparative welfare data by various sources for 14 OECD nations from 1980 to 1997, this paper attempts to answer two questions. First, is there a institutional complementary in regulatory process between distribution and production? Second, if it is correct, what kind of causal structure do we predict? Panel Corrected Standard Errors(PCSE) model, a data analysis method in pooled cross-sectional time-series, is employed to examine the interaction effects between the two variables: coordination in the sphere of distribution; coordination in the sphere of production The evidence suggest that there are powerful interaction effects between distributive coordination and production coordination and that the institutional complementary has effects on income inequality. First, the income inequality effect of coordination in the sphere of distribution becomes less positive(more negative) as coordination in the sphere of production increases. Second, the income inequality effect of coordination in the sphere of production becomes less positive(more negative) as coordination in the sphere of distribution increases.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.3672-3681
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• 2022

This study investigates the environmental footprint impacts of nuclear energy consumption in the presence of environmental technology and globalization of the ten largest ecological footprint countries from 1990 up to 2017. By considering a set of methods that can help solve the issue of cross-sectional dependence, we employ the Lagrange multiplier bootstrap cointegration method, Driscoll-Kraay standard errors for long-run estimation and feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) and panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) for robustness. The finding revealed significant negative effects of nuclear energy consumption, environmental-related technology, population density and significant positive effects of globalization and economic growth on ecological footprint. These results are also robust by assessing the long-run impacts of predictors on carbon footprint and CO₂ emissions as alternate ecological measures. These conclusions provide the profound significance of nuclear energy consumption for environmentally sustainable development in the top ten ecological footprint countries and serve as an important reference for ecological security for other countries globally.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.21-33
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• 2014

This study investigated the effect of protection of property right on foreign direct investment. With the US. multinational corporations over the periods from 2000 to 2008, this study used the FEM and system GMM, and found that the change of protection of property right level positively affects attracting foreign direct investment while protection of property right level itself does not. In the analyses on high income and low income countries(by income level), only the change of protection of property right level positively affects attracting foreign direct investment in low income countries. In considering the problem of heteroscedasticity on the error term, this study used FGLS and PCSE estimation methods. It is reported that the change of protection of property right level positively affects attracting foreign direct investment while protection of property right level itself does not. And only the change of protection of property right level positively affects attracting foreign direct investment in low income countries. This result means the change of protection of property right level is a key determinant to attract foreign direct investment.