• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.1328-1343
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• 2021

The effect of Multi-Carbohydrase (MC) supplementation on growth performance, visceral organ weights, blood metabolites, jejunum morphology, nutrient digestibility, and carcass parameters of broiler chickens fed nutrient-deficient corn soybean-meal based diets containing high levels of non-starch polysaccharides from wheat and wheat by-products was investigated. A total of 378 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to one of seven dietary treatments to give six replicates per treatment (nine birds per pen). Dietary treatments were as follows: (1) positive control (PC; commercial standard diet); (2) negative control 1 (NC-1; PC-120 kcal/kg metabolizable energy); (3) NC-2 (PC-3% standardized ileal digestibility [SID] amino acids). The remaining four dietary treatments were formulated with the addition of MC (MC; Superzyme-CS^TM) into two negative controls along with two supplementation levels of MC (i.e., 0.025% and 0.05%, respectively). Improved body weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05) were observed in broiler chickens fed a reduced energy diet supplemented with MC compared to birds fed NC-1 diet from days 1-35. Additionally, birds fed a reduced energy diet with 0.05% MC showed comparable (p > 0.05) growth performance with birds fed PC for 35-day post-hatch. Furthermore, the addition of MC into reduced amino acid diets improved (p < 0.05) growth performance. Broiler chickens fed MC supplemented nutrient-deficient diets showed a greater (p < 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio than birds fed diets without MC on days 21 and 35. Similarly, improved (p < 0.05) nutrient digestibility was observed in birds fed reduced energy diets supplemented with MC compared to birds fed NC-1 on days 21 and 35. Our results suggest that MC supplementation into reduced energy or reduced amino acid diets containing wheat and wheat by-products has the potential to improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility while maintaining healthier gut morphology in broiler chickens from 1 to 35 days of age.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.141-148
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• 2014

Objectives : Onion (AlliumcepaL.) is one of the richest sources of flavonoids in human diet. In this study, we studied the effects of onion peel water extract (OPE) on the blood lipid profiles and glucose in rats. Methods : The experimental groups were divided with 5 groups (n = 6) of SD rats: normal diet + distilled water (NC), high-fat diet + Quercetin (PC), high-fat diet + onion peel water extract 4 mg/kg (OPE-4), high-fat diet + onion peel water extract 20 mg/kg (OPE-20), high-fat diet + onion peel water extract 100 mg/kg (OPE-100). Results : The liver fat showed significantly lower weights and size in the OPE-100 group as compared with NC group (p<0.05), The epididymal fat and retroperitoneal fat showed significantly lower weights and sizes in the OPE-4 and OPE-20 group as compared with NC group (p<0.05). The serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly lower in the OPE-4 and OPE-20 group as compared with NC group (p<0.05). The OPE-4 and OPE-20 group showed higher HDL cholesterol concentration than NC group (p<0.05). Atherogenic index of OPE-4 and OPE-20 group was significantly lower in as compared with NC group (p<0.05). The serum levels of glucose significantly lower in the OPE-20 group as compared with NC group (p<0.05). Conclusions : In these results, we suggests that onion peel water extracts supplementation can reduces the serum lipid components and improves the lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic SD rat induced with a high-fat diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.71-81
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• 2000

This paper describers a look ahead algorithm of PC-NC(personal computer numerical control). The algorithm is based on acceleration/deceleration before interpolation which doesn\`t include a command error and determines a feedrate value at the end point of each block(or start point of each block). The algorithm is represented as following; 1) calculating two maximum arrival feedrates(F$_1$,F$_2$) by an acceleration value, a command feedrate, and the distance of a NC block, 2) getting a tangent feedrate (F$_3$) of the adjacent blocks, 3) choosing a minimum value among these three feedrates, and 4) setting the value to a feedrate of a start point of the next block(or a end point of the previous block). The proposed look ahead algorithm was implemented and tested by using a commercial TROS(real time operation system) on the MS-Windows NT 4.0 in a PC platform. For interfacing to a machine, a counter board, a DAC board and a DIO board were used. The result of the algorithm increased a machining precision and a machining speed in many short blocks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.683-690
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• 2013

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of resveratrol and essential oils from medicinal plants on the growth performance, immunity, digestibility, and fecal microbial shedding of weaned piglets. A total of 48 weaned piglets (8 kg initial weight, 28-d-old) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with 3 replications of 4 piglets each. The dietary treatments were NC (negative control; basal diet), PC (positive control; basal diet+0.002% apramycin), T1 (basal diet+0.2% resveratrol), and T2 (basal diet+0.0125% essential oil blend). All piglets were orally challenged with 5 ml culture fluid containing $2.3{\times}10^8$ cfu/ml of Escherichia coli KCTC 2571 and $5.9{\times}10^8$ cfu/ml Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium. The PC group (p<0.05) showed the highest average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experimental period, although feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in the T1 group (p>0.05). Serum IgG level was increased in the T1 group, whereas TNF-${\alpha}$ levels was reduced in the supplemented groups compared to control (p<0.05). The PC diet improved the dry matter (DM) digestibility, whereas PC and T2 diets improved nitrogen (N) digestibility compared to NC and T1 diets (p<0.05). Fecal Salmonella and E. coli counts were reduced in all treatment groups compared to control (p<0.05). Fecal Lactobacillus spp. count was increased in the T2 group compared to others (p<0.05). Dietary treatments had no significant effect on fecal Bacillus spp. count throughout the entire experimental period. Based on these results, resveratrol showed strong potential as antibiotic alternatives for reversing the adverse effects of weaning stress on growth performance, immunity and microbial environment in E. coli and Salmonella-challenged piglets.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.238-242
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• 1992

Thus paper deals with a study of the automatic machining and measurement system based on Features. The system includes following 5 modules : a feature-based design module, an automatic NC programming module, an automatic measurement programming module, and a simulation module. The system is developed by using IBM-PC in the AutoCAD and the BORLAND c $\^$++/ environment. A vertical machining center equipped with FANUC 0MC is used for experiments. Performance of the system is confirmed by a large amount of experiment.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.752-762
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• 2022

Objective: Microencapsulation is a technique to improve stability, bioavailability, and controlled release of active ingredients at a target site. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of microencapsulated basil oil (MBO) on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID), jejunal histomorphology, bacterial population as well as antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens in a tropical climate. Methods: A total of 288 one-day-old female broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 4 groups (6 replicates of 12 birds), based on a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were as follows: i) basal diet (NC), ii) basal diet with avilamycin at 10 ppm (PC), iii) basal diet with free basil oil (FBO) at 500 ppm, and iv) basal diet with MBO at 500 ppm, respectively. Results: Dietary supplementation of MBO improved average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of broilers throughout the 42-d trial period (p<0.05), whereas MBO did not affect average daily feed intake compared with NC group. The broilers fed MBO diet exhibited a greater AID of crude protein and gross energy compared with those in other groups (p<0.05). Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia coli populations were not affected by feeding dietary treatments. Both FBO and MBO had positive effects on jejunal villus height (VH), villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) and villus surface area of broilers compared to NC and PC groups (p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase level in the duodenal mucosa of MBO group was significantly increased (p<0.01), whereas malondialdehyde level was significantly decreased (p<0.01). Conclusion: Microencapsulation could be considered as a promising driver of the basil oil efficiency, consequently MBO at 500 ppm could be potentially used as a feed additive for improvement of intestinal integrity and nutrient utilization, leading to better performance of broiler chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1131-1140
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• 2014

This research focused on the effects of different doses of Bacillus subtilis KN-42 on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, faecal bacterial flora, and the relative number of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli in faeces of weaned piglets to determine whether the strain can serve as a candidate antimicrobial growth promoter. A total of 360 piglets (initial body weight $7.14{\pm}0.63$ kg) weaned at $26{\pm}2$ days of age were randomly allotted to 5 treatment groups (4 pens per treatment with 18 pigs per pen) for a 28-day trial. Dietary treatments were basal diet without any antimicrobial (negative control; NC), basal diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg feed of neomycin sulfate (positive control; PC) and basal diet supplemented with $2{\times}10^9$ (L), $4{\times}10^9$ (M) and $20{\times}10^9$ (H) CFU/kg feed of B. subtilis KN-42. During the overall period, average daily gain and feed efficiency of piglets were higher in groups PC, M, and H than those in group NC (p<0.05), and all probiotics and antibiotics groups had a lower diarrhea index than group NC (p<0.05). The 16S rDNA gene-based methods were used to analyze faecal bacterial flora on day 28 of experiment. The result of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that supplementation of B. subtilis KN-42 to the diet changed the bacterial communities, with a higher bacterial diversity and band number in group M than in the other four groups. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the relative number of Lactobacillus were higher in groups PC and H than in group NC (p<0.05), and the supplemented B. subtilis KN-42 to the diet also reduced the relative number of E. coli (p<0.05). These results suggest that dietary addition of B. subtilis KN-42 can improve the growth performance and gastrointestinal health of piglets.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.323-328
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• 2004

Finish machining of a curved surface is often carried out by an NC system with curved interpolation in a high speed machining strategies. This study aims to develop the NURBS interpolator for the PC-NC based machine tools. In the case of a finish cut using a ball-end mill in high speed machining, low machinability at the bottom of a tool produces a harmful effect on surface roughness. The developed interpolator considers the relation between inclined angle, surface roughness, and feed rate, and adjusts real-time feed rate in order to generate surfaces which have isotropic surface roughness. The proposed interpolator is fully implemented and an experimental results are shown.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 1994

5-axis CNC machining is being used in the manufacturing of tire mold, screw, and turbine blade because it can produce complex workpiece more efficiently and accurately than 3-axis CNC machining does. However, it is difficult to calculate the CL data in 5-axis CNC machining. This paper describes an efficient method to modify and edit the NC code and a data structure for representation of the workpiece produced by 5-axis CNC machining. Wireframe display of tool path and shading display of workpiece are used to represent verification results. Machining errors can be evaluated quantitively using the data structure based on the workpiece data model. The methods are implemented in a program with a IBM-PC and MS-Windows.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.265-273
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of HMD (head mounted display)-based virtual reality balance training on static balance in young adults, and whether appropriate balance training can help healthy adults to improve balance ability in daily living. Methods: The study subjects were 14 healthy adults. Subjects received 20 minutes of HMD-based virtual reality balance training 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Static balance was measured before, during, and after training and after one month. Static balance was measured in a total of 8 conditions, and the results were classified as visual (F1), somatosensory (F5-6), vestibular (F2-4), and central nervous system (F7-8). Results: The test results showed no significant difference in pre-training, post-training, and follow-up results under all conditions at Fourier index F1, F5-6, and F7-8 frequencies. For the F2-4 frequency, there was a significant difference before and after training under NC (neutral head position, eyes closed, firm surface) and PC (neutral head position, eyes closed, elastic surface) conditions. The NC condition returned a significant decrease of F2-4 frequency in post-training testing as compared to pre-training, and the PC condition showed a significant decrease of F2-4 frequency between the pre-training and mid-training tests, and between the pre-training and post-training tests. Conclusion: These results indicate that HMD-based balance training can improve balance ability, even in normal adults, and seems especially effective for vestibular function training.