• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to discover the effects of the short-term home visiting physical therapy program involving patients with some chronic brain disorders at Gimhae City, Kyongnam. Recovery of activities of daily living (ADL) is a very important factor of rehabilitative procedures, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is a useful standard of evaluation for it. The FIM is widely used in brain disorder research because it measures real functional activities of daily living. We applied the physical therapy exercise program twice per week (10~15 times repeatedly); a warm-up and cool down exercise performed every ten minutes by active & active-assistive ROM and stretching exercises. Main exercises were composed of getting up & laying down in bed, standing training, walking exercise in the room, and window or wall sliding exercise using affected upper limbs for a total duration of 30 minutes. We collected the data from 20 patients with chronic brain disorders at his/her home and analyzed by means of SPSS/PC+ program (Ver. 10.0). After the six week long physical therapy exercise program, the average was $56.10{\pm}22.59$ point compared with initial $50.55{\pm}19.12$ point by FIM, improved functional ADL ability about 5.55 point, and these changed scores were statistically significant (p=.000). We also studied another factor regarding patient's satisfaction. The majority of subjects (10 people) rated the program with the maximum score of ten points (50.0%), and three people rated it a seven point program (15.0%), the other two subjects gave a rating of nine and eight points (10.0%). Because the program was effective at improving the physical ADL ability and satisfaction of each subject, we suggest continual development and implementation of a home visiting physical therapy program. Further study should involve a longer period of observation with a larger population that is involved in an individually designed home physical therapy program.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.661-664
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• 2008

고층 대형 건축물에 사용되는 기둥 보 등의 단면치수가 큰 Precast Concrete 부재는 제조과정에 있어서 외부에서의 가열뿐만 아니라, 시멘트수화열의 축척에 의한 내부에서의 온도 상승도 작용되기 때문에, 단면치수가 비교적 작은 벽, 밑바닥 등의 Precast Concrete 부재와는 다른 온도이력을 나타낸다고 생각할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 Precast Concrete적용을 위한 고강도 매스콘크리트 부재의 강도특성을 검토하기에 앞서, 온도이력특성을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 했다. 단면치수가 큰 Precast Concrete 모의부재의 단면치수, 단위시멘트량, 양생조건이 가각 다른 Precast Concrete 부재를 제조할 때의 온도이력특성을 총괄적으로 검토하여 분석하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.655-669
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• 1995

Restorative procedures can lead to weakening tooth due to reduction and alteration of tooth structure. It is essential to prevent fractures to conserve tooth. Among the several parameters in cavity designs, cavity isthmus is very important. In this study, amalgam 0 cavity was prepared on maxillary first premolar. Two dimensional finite element models were made by serial photographic method and isthmus(1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 of intercuspal distance) were varied. Three or four-nodal mesh were used for the two dimensional finite element models. The periodontal ligament and alveolar bone surrounding the tooth were excluded in these models. 1S model was sound tooth with no amalgam cavity. B model was assumed perfect bonding between the restoration and cavity wall. Both compressive and tensile forces were distributed directly to the adjacent regions. A load of 500N was applied vertically at the first node from the lingual slope of the buccal cusp tip. This study analysed von Mises stress, 1 and 2 directional normal stress and Y and Z axis translation with FEM software Super SAPII Version 5.2 (Algor Interactive System Co.) and hardware 486 DX2 PC. The results were as :follows : 1. 1S model was slightly different with 1B model in stress distibution. 1S, 2B, 3B, 4B models showed similiar stress distribution. 2. 1S model and four B models showed similiar pattern in Y axis and Z axis translation. 3. 1S model and four B models showed the bending phenomenon in the translation. 4. As increasing of the width of the cavity, experimental group was similiar with the control group in stress distribution. 5. As increasing of the width of the cavity, experimental group was similiar with the control group in Y and Z axis tranlation.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1982

study aims to derive a rational method for the analysis of the farm silo supported on an elastic foundation in which it is assumed that the reaction pressure of the soil at a point is proportional to the deflection at that point. In order to investigate the effects of an elastic foundation on the behaviour of the structures on it, the analysis of the farm silo resting on an elastic foundation was compared with the solution that the ground support may be assumed uniform (which was obtained from part I of this paper). To calculate the deformation of an elastic foundation, Boussinesq's solution which allows an interaction of the various parts of ground was adopted. In this case, the foundation was treated as a superparametric element additionally. In the evaluation of an element stiffness matrix, Gauss quadrature' was used. In above numerical integration, 3-point rule for the farm silo wall and the footing was introduced and 2-point rule for the evaluation of a reaction between the footing and the elastic foundation was adopted. The stresses of a farm silo on an elastic foundation were smaller than those which the distribution of contact pressure between the footing and the soil is assumed uniformly. Since the differences of stresses were remarkable in PS structures than RC structures, it is desirable that designers take into account the effect of an elastic foundation for the case of PS structures. It can be noted that while the effect of an elastic foundation was more conspicuously observed in near of the ground, the value of stresses at far from the soil was little affected by an supported soil.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.472-478
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• 2009

The scopes of the supply chain management in construction projects has expanded from the field management focusing on field storage, transportation, and lifting to the whole supply chain from the materials to field. The expansion of the supply chain management can raise the possibilities of leaner production, which enables shortened lead time of the difficult-to-operate materials, and prevents the work interference or delay. However, the expanded management range requires more information and management than an existing management style currently used for factory production of iron frame, curtain wall, PC, etc. In addition, there are limitations that expand the existing management style into the new supply chain management in construction projects and therefore it is required to automate the existing management style in order to extend the management range. The objective of this study is to propose the process and equipment that can manage the supply chain of the materials which range from the factory production to the field storage based on RFID/USN techniques, introducing small-sized transportation equipment(intelligent pallet), the vehicle tool kit(intelligent trailer), and in-and-out management equipment(Gate Sensor) as a prototype to effectively develop the appliances for operating the proposed process, and present the application possibility of the appliances. The full paper will present then the test results that the proposed appliances for the supply chain management automatically transmit and receive the generated information between the appliances or the appliance and sever under various wireless network circumstances such as zigbee, wibro, Wi-Fi, and CDMA.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

There are AEC mode and fix mode to exposure when the whole spine antero-posterior radiography is done by using DR equipment. This study compared the utility of fix mode to AEC mode, by evaluating organ dose and effective dose and by examining the quality of radiographic image. GE DEFINIUM 8000 and ART-200X Rando Phantom manufactured by Flukebiometical were used for this study. The Rando phantom was set in front of wall detector of X-rays equipment. AEC mode was set at 80kVp and Fix mode was set at 80kVp, 25mAs, 32mAs, 40mAs, and 50mAs. Whole spine AP image were aquired by combining C, T-L and L-S spine images obtained through 3 exposures. When obtaining C, T-L and L-S spine images, were checked for Air kerma (mGy) value calculated by UNFORS Xi meter attached at the phantom surface of center of radiation field. The effective and organ doses were compared by PCXMC program (PC-Based Monte Carlo Program). The quality of obtained radiographic image was evaluated visually by 3 radiologists using resolution chart. When the effective doses was calculated based on tissue weighting factor of ICRP-103, 1.278mSv was measured by AEC mode, and Fix mode measured 0.405mSv at 25mAs, 0.518mSv at 32mAs, 0.649mSv at 40mAs, and 0.810mSv at 50mAS. In addition, the organ dose measured with esposure at 25mAs by Fix mode was almost equivalent to the organ dose by AEC mode, at the esophagus, thyroid, oral mucosa, salivaly glands located at the cervical spine part, while the organ dose by Fix mode was in general lower than the organ dose by AEC mode at the other organs. When Fix mode at 32mAs, 40mAs, and 50mAs was compared to AEC mode for organ dose in 26 organs, AEC mode had higher measurement in 21 organs but not for than brain, trachea, thyroid, oral mucosa, and salivaly glands which are located at the cervical spine part. The image quality evaluated by resolution test chart was much higher with AEC mode than the quality with Fix mode at all exposure conditions. However, while the image quality of cervical spine exposured at 50mAs by Fix mode was lower than the quality of AEC mode, thoraco-lumbar spine and lumbo-sacral spine were calculated and the quality was similar to AEC mode. Scoliosis occurs mainly at thoraco-lumbar and lumbo-sacral spine, not at cervical spine. Compared to AEC mode, Using the appropriate protocol (80kVp, 50mAs) of fix mode for whole spine AP radiography was thought to be useful because the image quality of the thoraco-lumar and lumbo-sacral spine was similar on AEC mode, Also organ and effective doses can be decreased with Fix mode. Therefore, It is considered that fix mode can be used properly with AEC mode for whole spine AP radiography when considering patient's body posture.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.154-164
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to identify more types of residents in medium-sized apartments in Seoul by lifestyle that has been used as a variable of space planning and to investigate and present bathroom design appropriate for characteristics of each resident type. The article examines the general characteristics, lifestyle types, and preference for the bathroom design. A total of 642 samples, acquired via internet survey, were analyzed with the statistical computer program SPSS PC+ window version 16.0. The conclusion of the article are as follows: 1) The lifestyle of users living in medium-sized apartments are categorized into 4 types: trend seeking, aesthetic seeking, family seeking, information seeking types. 2) The preference for the bathroom design of trend seeking type, the toilet is a bidet-builtin type and the washstand is a semi-counter type and the bathtub is a spa type and the shower booth is a bathtub-extending type. The storage closet is a upper-fixed type with two sides, the finishing materials are tiles and PVC monorium, and light built in a wall. 3) The preference for the bathroom design of aesthetic seeking type, the toilet is a bidet-builtin type and the washstand is a semi-counter type and the bathtub is a whirlpool type and the shower booth is a steam-sauna type. The storage closet is a upper-fixed with one side and opened closet, the finishing materials are tiles. 4) The preference for the bathroom design of family seeking type, the toilet is a bidet-builtin type and the washstand is a stand type and the bathtub is a reclamation type and the shower booth is a partition type. The storage closet is a upper-fixed with three sides. 5) The preference for the bathroom design of information seeking type, the toilet is a bidet-builtin type and the washstand is a semi-counter and the bathtub is a spa type and the shower booth is a partition type. The storage closet is a upper-fixed type with two sides. The results of this study may be used as basic data in planning bathroom design for housing supply for housing suppliers, and used as significant information for residents to identify their own types that can be referred when they select apartments to live in.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2010

연구 목적: 이 연구는 임플란트 식립 시 미세나사가 변연골에 발생시키는 스트레인을 조사하여, 변연골의 골유착에 장애를 줄 수 있는 골의 과부하 영역 이 미세나사에 의해 확장되는 양태를 평가하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 3종의 임플란트 식립 모델을 삼차원적 유한 요소분석으로 실험하였다. 대조 모델은 미세나사가 없이 주나사만 있는 $4.1{\times}10$ mm 임플란트 (Submerged model, Dentis Co, Daegu, Korea), type I은 미세나사가 있는 straight body, type II는 미세나사가 있는 7% tapered body로 설정하였다. 임플란트가 치밀골을 통과하는 3,600 단계의 식립 과정이 모사되었다. 유한요소 해석에는PC용으로 출시된DEFORM$^{TM}$ 3D (ver 5, SFTC, Columbus, OH, USA)가 사용되었다 결과:임플란트 외벽으로부터 1 mm 이내의 변연골 스트레인 영역은 대조모델에서의 4000 ${\mu}$-strain 보다 높았다. Type I 임플란트의 경우 임플란트 외벽으로부터 1-1.5 mm 영역 이내의 인접골이 과부하 영역에 속하였고, type II 임플란트의 경우에는 2 mm 이상이었다. 결론: 미세나사의 유무와 몸체의 테이퍼 유무에 따라 변연골 스트레인은 직접적인 영향을 받았고 대조모델에 비해 경부 미세나사가 있는 type I 및 type II 임플란트의 식립 시 변연골의 과부하 영역이 월등히 컸다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.556-567
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• 2020

Objective: To improve the utility of native grass resources as feed in China, we investigated the dynamics of protein and carbohydrate fractions among Inner Mongolian native grasses, during ensiling and the aerobic stage, using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. Methods: Silages were prepared without or with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant. We analyzed the protein and carbohydrate fractions and fermentation quality of silages at 0, 5, 15, 20, 30, and 60 d of ensiling, and the stability at 0.5, 2, 5, and 10 d during the aerobic stage. Results: Inner Mongolian native grass contained 10.8% crude protein (CP) and 3.6% water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) on a dry matter basis. During ensiling, pH and CP and WSC content decreased (p<0.05), whereas lactic acid and ammonia nitrogen (N) content increased (p<0.05). Non-protein N (PA) content increased significantly, whereas rapidly degraded true protein (PB₁), intermediately degraded true protein (PB₂), total carbohydrate (CHO), sugars (CA), starch (CB₁), and degradable cell wall carbohydrate (CB₂) content decreased during ensiling (p<0.05). At 30 d of ensiling, control and LAB-treated silages were well preserved and had lower pH (<4.2) and ammonia-N content (<0.4 g/kg of fresh matter [FM]) and higher lactic acid content (>1.0% of FM). During the aerobic stage, CP, extract ether, WSC, lactic acid, acetic acid, PB₁, PB₂, true protein degraded slowly (PB₃), CHO, CA, CB₁, and CB₂ content decreased significantly in all silages, whereas pH, ammonia-N, PA, and bound true protein (PC) content increased significantly. Conclusion: Control and LAB-treated silages produced similar results in terms of fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and protein and carbohydrate fractions. Inner Mongolian native grass produced good silage, nutrients were preserved during ensiling and protein and carbohydrate losses largely occurred during the aerobic stage.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.318-330
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• 2009

본 한국원자력연구원에서는 국제열핵융합실험로(ITER)의 일차벽을 개발하기 위해 그라파이트 히터를 이용한 고열부하 시험시설 KoHLT-1(Korea Heat Load Test facility-1)을 구축하였으며, 현재 정상적으로 가동되고 있다. KoHLT-1의 주목적은 Be-CuCrZr-SS의 이종 금속이 HIP 방법에 의해 접합된 ITER 일차벽 mockup의 접합 건전성을 확인하는데 있다. KoHLT-1은 판형 그라파이트 히터, 냉각 jacket이 부착된 상자형 시험용기, 직류 전원, 냉각계통, He 기체 공급계통과 각종 진단계통으로 구성되어 있으며, 이 모든 시설은 Be 처리가 가능한 특수 정화계통이 설치된 실험실에 설치되었다. 그라파이트 히터는 두개의 시험 대상물 사이에 설치되며, 시험대상물과의 거리는 $2{\sim}3\;mm$이다. 시험 대상물의 크기와 요구되는 열유속에 따라 여러 가지의 그라파이트 히터를 설계, 제작하였으며, 전기 저항은 고온 운전 중에 $0.2{\sim}0.5{\Omega}$이 되도록 하였다. 히터는 100V/400 A의 직류전원에 연결되어 있으며, PC와 multi function module로 구성된 전류 조정계통에 의해 미리 프로그램되어 있는 패턴으로 전류를 자동 조절하게 된다. 두 시험대상물에 인가되는 열유속은 calorimetry법에 의해 냉각수의 입, 출구 온도와 유량을 측정하여 얻게 된다. 여러 가지 형태의 ITER 일차벽 Be mockups에 대해 고열부하 시험을 수행하였으며, 시험을 통하여 KoHLT-1 고열부하 시험 시설의 성능이 확인되었고, 24시간 이상의 연속 운전에 있어서도 그 신뢰성이 입증되었다.