• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 1998

3D medical image reconstruction techniques are useful to figure out complex 3D structures from the set of 2D sections. In the paper, 3D medical image reconstruction system is constructed under PC environment and programmed based on modular programming by using Visual C++ 4.2. The whole procedures are composed of data preparation, gradient estimation, classification, shading, transformation and ray-casting & compositing. Three speed optimization techniques are used for accelerating 3D medical image reconstruction technique. One is to reduce the rays when cast rays to reconstruct 3D medical image, another is to reduce the voxels to be calculated and the other is to apply early ray termination. To implement 3D medical image reconstruction system based on PC, speed optimization techniques are experimented and applied.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of a PC-based facial asymmetry assessment program (PC-FAAP) and to compare the results of PC-FAAP with subjective regional scoring by raters in acute unilateral peripheral facial nerve paralysis (FNP). Subjects and Methods: Participants were divided into 3 groups with 8 participants per group: group I, normal; group II, mild to moderate FNP; and group III, severe FNP. Using the PC-FAAP, the mouth asymmetry ratio (MAR), eyebrow asymmetry ratio (EAR), and complete eye closure asymmetry ratio (CAR) were calculated by comparing the movement of tracking points on both sides. The FNP grading scale (FGS) integrated each score, and the scores were weighted with a ratio of 5:3:2 (MAR:CAR:EAR). Subjective regional scoring was measured on a 0-100 scale score by three otologists. PC-FAAP and subjective scoring were compared in each group regarding the consistency of the results. Results: The mean scores of the MAR, EAR, CAR, and FGS of each group were significantly different. PC-FAAP showed significant differences between the three groups in terms of MAR, EAC, CAR, and FGS. PC-FAAP showed more consistent results than subjective assessment (p<0.001). The PC-FAAP was significantly more consistent in group I and group III (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). FGS in group III was the only parameter that showed a more consistent result in PC-FAAP than the subjective scoring (p=0.008). Conclusions: An FNP grading system using a PC-based program may provide more consistent results, especially for severe forms.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of a PC-based facial asymmetry assessment program (PC-FAAP) and to compare the results of PC-FAAP with subjective regional scoring by raters in acute unilateral peripheral facial nerve paralysis (FNP). Subjects and Methods: Participants were divided into 3 groups with 8 participants per group: group I, normal; group II, mild to moderate FNP; and group III, severe FNP. Using the PC-FAAP, the mouth asymmetry ratio (MAR), eyebrow asymmetry ratio (EAR), and complete eye closure asymmetry ratio (CAR) were calculated by comparing the movement of tracking points on both sides. The FNP grading scale (FGS) integrated each score, and the scores were weighted with a ratio of 5:3:2 (MAR:CAR:EAR). Subjective regional scoring was measured on a 0-100 scale score by three otologists. PC-FAAP and subjective scoring were compared in each group regarding the consistency of the results. Results: The mean scores of the MAR, EAR, CAR, and FGS of each group were significantly different. PC-FAAP showed significant differences between the three groups in terms of MAR, EAC, CAR, and FGS. PC-FAAP showed more consistent results than subjective assessment (p<0.001). The PC-FAAP was significantly more consistent in group I and group III (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). FGS in group III was the only parameter that showed a more consistent result in PC-FAAP than the subjective scoring (p=0.008). Conclusions: An FNP grading system using a PC-based program may provide more consistent results, especially for severe forms.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.89-100
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• 2022

The development of the Construction Production Rates System for appropriate construction cost calculation has recently come to the fore as a means of invigorating OSC based PC structure which currently needs institutional frameworks. PC structure based construction expenses consist of the factory-built assembly, transportation and on-site installation. Recently, in the field of transportation and site installation, research on product structure development is being conducted, such as presenting the standard product calculation system reflecting the results of field survey for each subsidiary materials (Lee et al., 2021). On the other hand, there is no ongoing research on estimating construction expenses of Factory-built assembly. This study suggests Construction Production Rates System which can be used for PC subsidiary materials based Factory-built assembly cost estimations. For the research, work types for the construction procedures have been categorized, and the standard input manpower suitable for the corresponding work characteristics has been derived from analyzing the associated Construction Standard Production Rates for each work type. Also, as the research referred PC subsidiary materials (such as columns, beams, walls, and slab, as well as on-site installation) and the standard number of workforce based on work types, one can calculate direct labor cost, using what the research shows. In addition, it suggests that the size of individual subsidiary materials be the extra cost factor, by using the characteristics that productivity changes depending on the size(m³) of subsidiary materials. It is expected that the research can contribute to objectively verifying factory-built assembly cost through of PC structure, which currently relies on estimates.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.177-178
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• 2020

In the construction industry, expectations for the Precast Concrete(PC) construction method are rising due to demands for high quality and productivity and social and environmental issues. However, although technical problems that occurred in the early stages of technology introduction have been solved, research related to proper construction management for PC construction methods has been relatively neglected and the advantages of PC construction methods have not been fully utilized. In this study, each group involved in PC works was surveyed to identify important management tasks affecting productivity of PC works to improve PC contruction management system. Based on factor analysis, 22 tasks were calssified into 5 management groups. The results of this study will be used to present a framework for the application of automation and information technology to improve the productivity of PC works.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.224-231
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• 2000

The exfoliation of graphite (layer) was progressed due to the irreversible insertion of PC molecules between graphene layers, when propylene carbonate (PC) solvent was used as the organic solvents. The problem could be mitigated by the replacement of PC by ethylene carbonate (EC). But, the freezing point of EC-based electrolyte increased due to the high freezing point of $EC(36.2^{\circ}C)$. Therefore, EC+PC mixed electrolyte is expected as a good organic electrolyte for lithium ion battery. The EC-based organic electrolyte containing PC within pertinent quantity can be expected to have high molar conductivity and reduced exfoliation of graphite layer. The dielectric constant and molar conductivity of $LiPF_6/PC+EC+DEC$ electrolyte was investigated with a variation in the PC content. The electrochemical properties of carbon electrode in the electrolyte were also investigated. Molar conductivity and dielectric constant increased linearly by increasing the PC volume fraction in the electrolyte. The results of charge-discharge test for carbon/electrolyte/Li cell indicated that the initial irreversible specific capacity(IIC) of MCMB-6-28s and MPCF3000 decreased by the addition of $0.83 vol\%$ of PC, but increased with PC content over than $0.83 vol\%$. In the case of MPCF3000 and PCG100 having less than $10 vol\%$ PC, IIC was lower than 50 mAh/g. The discharge specific capacities varied with carbon material, but did not vary with PC content in the electrolyte.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.229-232
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• 2000

This research aims at developing a low-cost PC-NC system based on one-CPU and investigating the feasibility of its application to a simple-function lathe. Its hardware consists a two axes motion control board including a 24bit counter, 8253 timer, a 12bit DA converter, DIO board for PLC operation and a PC with Intel Pentium 466MHz. The fundamental real-time MC functions such as G-code interpretation, interpolation, position and velocity control of axes are performed. User programming interface with functions of icon manipulation, tool-path simulation and NC-code generation was implemented. In order to achieve real-time control and safety, axis control, NC interpretation, interpolation and user communication are completely executed during every interrupt interval of I msec.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06b
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• pp.339-341
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• 2012

This paper presents a method for generating an autonomous activity-based diary in the environment including a personal computer (PC). In order to record a user's various tasks in front of a PC, we consider the contextual information such as current time, opened programs, and user interactions. As one modality for the user interaction, a motion sensor was applied to recognize a user's hand gestures in case that the activity is conducted without interaction between the user and the PC. Moreover, we propose a temporal clustering method to recapitulate the sequential and meaningful activity in the stream of extracted PC usage logs. By combining those two processes, we summarize the user activities in the PC environment.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 2005

Recently, a lot of researches about mobile vision using Personal Digital Assistant(PDA) has been attempted. Many CPUs for PDA are integer CPUs, which have no floating-computation component. It results in slow computation of the algorithms peformed by vision system or image processing, which have much floating-computation. In this paper, in order to resolve this weakness, we propose the Client(PDA)/server(PC) architecture which is connected to each other with a wireless LAN, and we construct the system with pipelining processing using two CPUs of the Client(PDA) and the Server(PC) in image sequence. The Client(PDA) extracts tentative text regions using Edge Density(ED). The Server(PC) uses both the Multi-1.aver Perceptron(MLP)-based texture classifier and Connected Component(CC)-based filtering for a definite text extraction based on the Client(PDA)'s tentativel99-y extracted results. The proposed method leads to not only efficient text extraction by using both the MLP and the CC, but also fast running time using Client(PDA)/server(PC) architecture with the pipelining processing.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.171-191
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• 2000

The development and diffusion of PC network have impact on civil administration service that has become part of our daily lives. This study constructs the theoretical background on the civil administration service, examines the development of it, investigates and analyzes the actual conditions based on its information structure and contents, and suggests some recommendations to enhance the service.