• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.4695-4702
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• 2023

Nuclear power plants play a pivotal role in the global energy infrastructure, fulfilling a substantial share of the world's energy requirements in a sustainable way. The management of these facilities, especially the handling of spent nuclear fuel (SNF), necessitates meticulous inspections to guarantee operational safety and efficiency. However, the prevailing inspection methodologies lean heavily on human operators, which presents challenges due to the potential hazards of the SNF environment. This study introduces the design of a novel Pre-Batched Inspection Strategy (PBIS) that integrates robotic automation and image processing techniques to bolster the inspection process. This methodology deploys robotics to undertake tasks that could be perilous or time-intensive for humans, while image processing techniques are used for precise identification of SNF targets and regulating the robotic system. The implementation of PBIS holds considerable promise in minimizing inspection time and enhancing worker safety. This paper elaborates on the structure, capabilities, and application of PBIS, underlining its potential implications for the future of nuclear energy inspections.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2007

This paper describes the preparation and characterization of two kinds of fluorinated polybenzimidazole (PBI)s which can be potentially used for phosphoric acid-doped, high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Two kinds of perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB)-containing monomers were prepared via following synthetic steps; after fluoroalkylation of methyl 3-(hydroxy) benzoate and methyl 4-(hydroxy) benzoate with 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane and subsequent Zn-mediated dehalogenation, these compounds were cyclodimerized at $200^{\circ}C$ affording the ester-terminated monomers containing PFCB ether groups. The synthesized intermediates and monomers were characterized using FT-IR, $^1H-NMR,\;^{19}F-NMR$, and mass spectroscopy. The fluorinated PBIs were then successfully prepared through the solution polycondensation of the monomers and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine in polyphosphoric acid. Compared with traditional PBI, the glass transition temperatures of the fluorinated PBIs were obtained at $262^{\circ}C\;and\;269^{\circ}C$ which are lower than that of PBI and their initial degradation temperatures were still high over $400^{\circ}C$ under nitrogen. The fluorinated PBIs showed higher d-spacing values and improved solubility in several organic solvents as well as phosphoric acid, which confirmed they could be good candidates for the high temperature fuel cell membranes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.23-36
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• 2005

Bax, a mammalian pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, induces cell death when expressed In yeast. To investigate whether .Bax expression can induce cell death in plant, we produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants that contained murine Bax cDNA under control of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter. Transgenic plants treated with dexamethasone, a strong synthetic glucocorticoid, induced Bax accumulation and cell death, suggesting that some elements of cell death mechanism by Bax may be conserved among various orgarusms. Therefore, we developed novel yeast genetic system, and cloned several Plant Bax Inhibitors (PBIs). Here, we report the function of two PBIs In detail. PBIl is ascorbate peroxidase (sAPX). Fluorescence method of dihydrorhodamine123 oxidation revealed that expression of Bax in yeast cells generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and which was greatly reduced by co-expression with sAPX. These results suggest that sAPX inhibits the generation of ROS by Bax, which in turn suppresses Bax-induced cell death in yeast. PBI2 encodes nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK). ROS stress strongly induces the expression of the NDPK2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtNDPK2). Transgenic plants overexpressing AtNDPK2 have lower lovels of ROS than wildtype plants. Mutants lacking AtNDPK2 had higher levels of ROS than wildtype. H$_{2O2}$ treatment induced the phosphorylation of two endogenous proteins whose molecular weights suggested they are AtMPK3 and AtMPK6. In the absence of H2O2 treatment, phosphorylation of these proteins was slightly elevated in plants overexpressing AtNDPK2 but markedly decreased In the AtNDPK2 deletion mutant. Yeast two-hybrid and in vitro protein pull-down assays revealed that AtNDPK2 specifically interacts with AtMPK3 and AtMPK6. Furthermore, AtNDPK2 also enhances the MBP phosphorylation activity of AtMPK3 i'n vitro. Finally, constitutive overexpression of AtNDPK2 in Arabidopsis plants conferred an enhanced tolerance to multiple environmental stresses that elicit ROS accumulation In situ. Thus, AtNDPK2 appears to play a novel regulatory role in H2O2-mediated MAPK signaling in plants.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.42-42
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• 2004

Recently, Pi2 pulsations during the intervals of extremely quiet magnetospheric conditions (Kp = 0$\^$+/) have been reported by Sutcliffe and Lyons (2002). The authors observed several Pi2 bursts occurred simultaneously at high (magnetic latitude = 71$^{\circ}$) and low (42$^{\circ}$) latitudes during the absence of magnetospheric substorms and found that the bursts are strongly correlated with poleward boundary intensifications (PBIs), associated with enhancements of energetic ion fluxes observed by the Geotail satellite at Xgsm - -12 Re to -17 Re and Ygsm - 12 Re to 10 Re in the plasma sheet. (omitted)

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2003

Bax, a mammalian pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family induces cell death when expressed in yeast. To investigate whether Bax expression can induce cell death in plant, we produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants that contained murine Bax cDNA under control of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter. Transgenic plants treated with dexamethasone, a strong synthetic glucocorticoid, induced Bax accumulation and cell death, suggesting that some elements of cell death mechanism by Bax may be conserved among various organisms. Therefore, we developed novel yeast genetic system, and cloned several Plant Bax Inhibitors (PBIs). Here, we report the function of two PBIs in detail. PBI1 is ascorbate peroxidase (sAPX). Fluorescence method of dihydrorhodamine123 oxidation revealed that expression of Bax in yeast cells generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and which was greatly reduced by co-expression with sAPX. These results suggest that sAPX inhibits the generation of ROS by Bax, which in turn suppresses Baxinduced cell death in yeast. PBI2 encodes nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK). ROS stress strongly induces the expression of the NDPK2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtNDPK2). Transgenic plants overexpressing AtNDPK2 have lower levels of ROS than wildtype plants. Mutants lacking AtNDPK2 had higher levels of ROS than wildtype. $H_2O_2$ treatment induced the phosphorylation of two endogenous proteins whose molecular weights suggested they are AtMPK3 and AtMPK6. In the absence of $H_2O_2$ treatment, phosphorylation of these proteins was slightly elevated in plants overexpressing AtNDPK2 but markedly decreased in the AtNDPK2 deletion mutant. Yeast two-hybrid and in vitro protein pull-down assays revealed that AtNDPK2 specifically interacts with AtMPK3 and AtMPK6. Furthermore, AtNDPK2 also enhances the MSP phosphorylation activity of AtMPK3 in vitro. Finally, constitutive overexpression of AtNDPK2 in Arabidopsis plants conferred an enhanced tolerance to multiple environmental stresses that elicit ROS accumulation in situ. Thus, AtNDPK2 appears to playa novel regulatory role in $H_2O_2$-mediated MAPK signaling in plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.65-71
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• 2003

Bax, a mammalian pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, induces cell death when expressed in yeast. To investigate whether Bax expression can induce cell death in plant, we produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants that contained murine Bax cDNA under control of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter. Transgenic plants treated with dexamethasone, a strong synthetic glucocorticoid, induced Bax accumulation and cell death, suggesting that some elements of cell death mechanism by Bax may be conserved among various organisms. Therefore, we developed novel yeast genetic system, and cloned several Plant Bax Inhibitors (PBIs). Here, we report the function of two PBIs in detail. PBI1 is ascorbate peroxidase (sAPX). Fluorescence method of dihydrorho-damine 123 oxidation revealed that expression of Bax in yeast cells generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and which was greatly reduced by co-expression with sAPX. These results suggest that sAPX inhibits the generation of ROS by Bax, which in turn suppresses Baxinduced cell death in yeast. PBI2 encodes nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK). ROS stress strongly induces the expression of the NDPK2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtNDPK2). Transgenic plants overexpressing AtNDPK2 have lower levels of ROS than wildtype plants. Mutants lacking AtNDPK2 had higher levels of ROS than wildtype. $H_2O_2$ treatment induced the phosphorylation of two endogenous proteins whose molecular weights suggested they are AtMPK3 and AtMPK6. In the absence of $H_2O_2$ treatment, phosphorylation of these proteins was slightly elevated in plants overexpressing AtNDPK2 but markedly decreased in the AtNDPK2 deletion mutant. Yeast two-hybrid and in vitro protein pull-down assays revealed that AtNDPK2 specifically interacts with AtMPK3 and AtMPK6. Furthermore, AtNDPK2 also enhances the MBP phosphorylation activity of AtMPK3 in vitro. Finally, constitutive overexpression of AtNDPK2 in Arabidopsis plants conferred an enhanced tolerance to multiple environmental stresses that elicit ROS accumulation in situ. Thus, AtNDPK2 appears to play a novel regulatory role in $H_2O_2$-mediated MAPK signaling in plants.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.335-344
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Cyantraniliprole is a systemic diamide insecticide that has been used to control lepidopteran pests in agriculture. Cyantraniliprole has become an issue due to its potentiality of unexpectable contamination in rotational crop cultivation. Thus, studies on the evaluation of cyantraniliprole translocated from soil into rotational crops are required. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cyantraniliprole was treated at a yearly maximum application level onto bare soil under greenhouse conditions in two geographically different regions. Lettuce was transplanted and spinach and radish were sown onto the soil 30 and 60 days-plant back intervals (PBIs) after cyantraniliprole treatment. The QuEChERS method was modified and coupled with LC/MS/MS analysis to determine the residues of cyantraniliprole in soil and plant samples. The methods for sample preparation and instrumental conditions were validated to meet the criteria of Codex guidelines and were successful to determine cyantraniliprole quantitatively and qualitatively in the samples. Cyantraniliprole residues in lettuce samples were 0.01 mg/kg for PBI 60 and 0.02 mg/kg for PBI 30, respectively. The residues in spinach samples were 0.01 mg/kg for PBI 60 and 0.01~0.02 mg/kg for PBI 30, respectively. Less than limit of the quantitation (LOQ) level (0.01 mg/kg) of cyantraniliprole was observed in radish samples. The residues in the plant samples were found as the levels less than maximum residue limit (MRL) for leafy and root vegetables. CONCLUSION(S): This study suggests PBI 30~60 days for rotational cultivation of lettuce, spinach and radish in greenhouse soil treated with cyantraniliprole at a yearly maximum application level.