• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.80-87
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• 2021

This study is initiated after discovering that Minsu, a man about 600 years ago, mentioned a new architectural type called 'Pan-ock' in a record he left when he was punished for slavery at Jeju. Although there are no additional records or architectural remains, the following two hypotheses were made regarding the existential possibility of Pan-ock. First, Pan-ock was originated from materials obtained from ships. Second, it was related to the Pan-ock-seon. The hypotheses are based on the premise that large wooden ships such as trade ships were being actively built, as it was 160 years before Chullyuk Geumjiryeon of king Injo was banned, and the woodworking skills were considerable. Another hypothesis is also established by comparing the records of Pan-ock with other records of the same period and inferring the relationship of related events. This study can serve as a basis for explaining the diversity of our architecture to overcome that most of the architecture have been lost compared to Korea's splendid history. Therefore, a sequent study intends to compare the hypotheses proposed after this study with the architecture in the coastal and island regions of the Korean Peninsula, in order to find and verify the authentic cases of Pan-ock in Korea and East Asia.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2001

Several hydrolyzed extruded PAN's were prepared through reaction of extruded PAN (7.5% methyl acrylate) with NaOH in methanol at various temperatures and times. These were amidoximated with hydroxylamine in MeOH and/or $H_2$O to introduce an excellent adsorption capacity of heavy metal ions. Amidoximated hydrolyzed extruded fAN showed superior swellability to non-hydrolyzed extruded PAM. The amidoximated extruded PAN hydrolyzed for 6h at $60^{\circ}C$ showed the best dimensional stability. Amidoximated hydrolyzed extruded PAN has more adsorption capacity of $Cu^{2+}$ than that of $Ni^{ 2+}$ These PAN derivates also showed an excellent selectivity for adsorption of metal ions.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.168-179
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• 2021

With the introduction of China's new policies, the Chinese animation industry has gradually formed a sustainable industrial structure chain, and the output value of the animation market is also in a state of continuous growth. Since 2013, domestic animation has been developing from "lower age" to "ageing" and "adults". At the same time, with the popularization of China's pan-entertainment industry model, the multi-domain symbiosis of the Internet and mobile Internet has been realized, creating a fan economy of star IP (Intellectual Property), and promoting the linkage of various industries under the same IP. This paper mainly analyzes the development of the animation IP market in China's pan-entertainment mode in recent years, and analyzes the cross-media operation mode of the animation industry. At the same time, it studies the application of self-media in animation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1193-1198
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• 2003

The effects of preferment levels prepared with lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi on the quality of white pan bread were studied. The aim was to investigate how preferment influenced the baking-technological, textural, and sensory properties of white pan bread. During the process of making white pan bread, the pH decreased as the preferment levels increased, whereas the titratable acidity increased. The loaf specific volume increased from 4.66 to $5.59\;cm^3/g$ as preferment content increased from $10%{\sim}25%$. The moisture content and water activity of the bread ranged from 40.77 to 41.49%, and 0.961 to 0.966, respectively, indicating that no appreciable differences were related with the preferment levels (p<0.05). The textural characteristics of white pan bread were highly correlated with the amount of preferment added. White pan bread containing preferment showed a decrease in hardness and gumminess, and an increase in springiness. The color of white pan bread was not significantly different from that of the control. In sensory evaluation, the values for volume, springiness, and umami were highest in the white pan bread with 20% preferment, and the sour and umami tastes increased with the amount of preferment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.374-377
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to research and develop solid polymer electrolyte(SPE) for Li polymer battery. This paper describes temperature dependence of conductivity, impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical properties of PVDF/PAN electrolytes as a function of a mixed ratio. PVDF/PAN based polymer electrolyte films were prepared by thermal gellification method of preweighed PVDF/PAN, plasticizer and Li salt. The conductivity of PVDF/PAN electrolytes was 10-3S/cm. 20PVDF5PANLiCIO$_4$PC$\sub$10//EC$\sub$10/ electrolyte shows the better conductivity of the others. 20P7DF5PANLiCI$_4$PC$\sub$10//EC$\sub$10/ electrolyte remains stable up to 5V vs. Li/Li$\^$+/. Steady state current method and ac impedance used for the determination of transference numbers in PVDF/PAN electrolyte film. The transference number of 20PVDF5ANLICIO$_4$/PC $\sub$10//EC$\sub$10/ electrolyte is 0.48

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.615-618
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• 2009

2 axis Pan-tilt had been developed and utilize by vessel for the purpose of motion characteristic measurement. Besides, it also use to analysis structural design and fabrication. Test procedure had been created to produce most optimal design and to show the Nano Driving precision result performance.

• Composites Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.160-164
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• 2013

In this study, the effect of phosphoric acid (PA) as a fiber spinning aid on the strength increase of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nano-fibers by using modified mechano-electrospinning technologies has been analyzed. The medium carbonization temperature of $800^{\circ}C$ has been selected for the future economic production of these new materials. The concentration of PAN in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was fixed as 5 wt%. The weight fraction of PA was selected as being 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% in comparison to PAN. These solutions have been used to make the nanofibers. The mechano-electrospinning apparatus installed in KRICT was made by our own design. By using this apparatus the continous and highly aligned precursor nano-fibers have been obtained. The bundle of 50 well aligned nano diameter continuous fibers with the diametr of 10 microns with 6 wt% phosphoric acid for addition showed maximum mechanical properties of 1.6 GPa as tensile strength and 300 GPa as Young's modulus. The weight of final product can be increased 19%, which can improve the economical benefits for the application of these new materials.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.702-708
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• 2018

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as a significant air pollutant, is generated mainly from the burning of fossil fuels, building materials using painting, etc. The inhalation of a certain amount of VOCs can be deleterious to human health, e.g., headaches, nausea and vomiting. In addition, it can also cause memory loss and even increase the rate of leukemia. Therefore, as one of the methods for reducing VOCs in air, polyacrylonitrile/fly ash (PAN/FA) composite nanofibrous membranes were fabricated by electrospinning. To observe their VOCs adsorption capacity, the morphological structure of PAN/FA nanofibrous mats was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and the VOCs (chloroform, benzene, toluene, and xylene) adsorption capacity of PAN/FA membranes were tested by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results indicated that the PAN nanofiber containing 40 wt. % FA powder had the smallest fiber diameter of 283 nm; they also showed the highest VOCs adsorption capacity compared to other composite membranes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.341-351
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• 2020

To shed light on the genetic differences among food-originated coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), we performed pan-genome analysis of five species: Staphylococcus carnosus (two strains), Staphylococcus equorum (two strains), Staphylococcus succinus (three strains), Staphylococcus xylosus (two strains), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (one strain). The pan-genome size increases with each new strain and currently holds about 4,500 genes from 10 genomes. Specific genes were shown to be strain dependent but not species dependent. Most specific genes were of unknown function or encoded restriction-modification enzymes, transposases, or prophages. Our results indicate that unique genes have been acquired or lost by convergent evolution within individual strains.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2010.06d
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• pp.185-189
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• 2010

IEEE 802.15.4는 저전력 무선 개인 네트워크(LR-WPAN, Low Rate-Wireless Personal Area Network)를 위한 표준으로 무선 센서 네트워크 기술에서 광범위하게 사용되고 있다. 그러나 IEEE 802.15.4는 멀티홉 네트워크나 여러 개의 PAN(Personal Area Network)으로 구성된 네트워크에 대해서는 상세하게 기술하고 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.15.4를 기반으로 하는 ZigBee RF4CE 네트워크에서 사용하는 multiple star 토폴로지를 주목하였다. multiple star 토폴로지처럼 여러 개의 PAN 간에 통신이 이루어질 경우, 이를 에너지 효율적으로 수행할 수 있도록 하는 비컨 간격(Beacon Interval)과 슈퍼프레임 시간(Superframe Duration)을 분석한다. 이를 위해 QualNet 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 multiple star 토폴로지 네트워크를 형성하고, 비컨 간격과 슈퍼프레임 시간을 결정하는 요소에 대해 분석하였다.