• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.559-571
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• 2010

제충국, 멀구슬의 천적에 대한 독성을 평가하고 배추의 주요해충인 배추좀나방의 방제횟수를 결정하기 위한 시험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 포식성 천적인 이리응애류는 국제생물방제협회(IOBC) 기준으로 중간 정도의 독성을 보였으며 기생성 천적은 황온좀벌을 제외하고 비교적 안전하였다. 제충국은 1회 살포시에는 21일째부터 밀도가 떨어졌으며, 7일 간격으로 3회 살포한 경우 초기의 밀도 억제는 낮았지만 21일째에는 91.1%까지 올라가 효과를 보였다. 멀구슬을 1회만 살포한 경우 14일째까지 96.7%의 높은 살충율을 보여 주지만 이후 약효가 떨어졌다. 7일 간격으로 3회 살포할 경우 14일째부터 100%의 살충율을 나타내어 28일째까지 100%를 유지하였으며 살포방법은 멀구슬을 먼저 살포하고 제충국을 살포하는 체계가 바람직할 것으로 보인다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2006

NPK 비료 1종, 2종, 혹은 3종류를 29년 동안 계속하여 결핍되게 처리한 토양에서의 작물 수량 (보리, 콩), 토양 이화학성, 미생물상 (선충, 선충잡이곰팡이, 세균, 방선균, 곰팡이 밀도)을 조사하고 상호관계에 대하여 분석하였다. 선충 중에서는 Tylenchorhynchus sp.가 우점이었고 ($11{\sim}642/300 cm^3$ soil) 그 외 Pratylenchus sp. 와 Helicotylenchus sp.가 약간 발견되었으며 선충잡이곰팡이 중에서는 포식성 곰팡이 종류인 Monacrosporium spp.이 우점종이었으며, 그 외 Harposporium sp. 와 Cystopage sp. 종류가 발견되었다. 토양 이화학성 중에서 pH와 인산함량이 토양 미생물에 미치는 영향이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났으며 이 두 요인은 상호 정상관 관계였다. 인산이 첨가된 토양 (P, NP, PK, NPK)은 인산을 첨가하지 않은 토양 (N, NK, K)에 비하여 작물 수량이 많았고, 선충, 세균, 방선균의 밀도도 높았다. 반면 곰팡이의 밀도는 인산이 첨가된 토양 (P, NP, PK, NPK)에서는 낮았고 인산을 첨가하지 않은 토양 (N, NK, K)에는 높았다. pH는 칼슘, 고토, Tylenchorhynchus 선충 밀도, 부식선충 밀도, 곰팡이, 세균, 방선균 등 대부분의 요인과 상관관계가 높았는데, 대부분 정의상관관계였고 특이하게 곰팡이 밀도와는 부의상관관계로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2017

Muscle atrophy is characterized by a decrease in the mass of the muscle. With an increase in life expectancy and chronic illnesses, the incidence of muscle atrophy is increasing and the quality of life of patients is decreasing. Thus, reducing muscle atrophy is of high clinical and socio-economic importance. Mistletoe is a semi-parasitic plant that has been used as a traditional medicine in many countries to treat various human illnesses. It has been reported that Korean mistletoe extract (KME) has diverse biological functions including anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity properties, and extension of lifespan. Especially, we have recently reported that KME improves exercise endurance in mice, indicating its beneficial roles in enhancing the capacity of skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated whether KME could activate the signaling pathway related to protein synthesis in a mouse model of muscle atrophy. Interestingly, KME efficiently activated the Akt/mTOR pathway, and Akt and mTOR are important signaling hub molecules for the acceleration of protein synthesis in muscle cells. In addition, KME also increased the activity of S6 kinase which is involved in the regulation of muscle cell size. Moreover, the ERK activity, required for transcription of ribosomal RNA for protein synthesis, was also enhanced in KME-treated mouse muscle. These data support the idea that KME increases muscle mass via increased protein synthesis. Our findings also suggest that Korean mistletoe might be a promising candidate for the development of functional foods that are beneficial for preventing muscle atrophy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1033-1039
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• 2008

A 3-kb HindIII fragment bearing the cry6Aa2 gene and the adjacent and intergenic regions was cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis strain YBT-1518. Two open reading frames (ORFs), namely, orf1 (termed cry6Aa2) and orf2 that were separated by an inverted-repeat sequence were identified. orf1 encoded a 54-kDa protein that exhibited high toxicity to the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne hapla. The orf2 expression product was not detected by SDS-PAGE, but its mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The orf2 coexpressed with orf1 at a high level in the absence of the inverted-repeat sequence, whereas, the expression level of otfl was decreased. When orf2 was mutated, the level of orf1 expression was enhanced obviously. In conclusion, the inverted-repeat sequence disturbs orf2 expression, and the orf2 downregulates orf1 expression. This is an example of novel negative regulation in B. thuringiensis and a potential method for enhancing the expression level of cry genes.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제17권2_3호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2003

골프장 잔디에 발생하는 식물기생선충의 종류를 알아보기 위하여 안양베네스트골프장과 동래베네스트골프장, 가평베네스트골프장의 금잔디와 크리핑벤트그라스, 켄터키블루그라스와 캐슬파인골프장의 크리핑 벤트그라스에서 조사하였다. 잔디 생육 부진지에서는 가는 주름선충(Criconema sp.)과 줄기구근선충(Ditylenchus sp.), 나선선충(Helicotylenchus sp.), 뿌리혹선충(Meloidogyne sp.), 뿌리썩이 선충(Pratylenchus sp.), 참선충(Tylenchus sp.), 위축선충(Tylenchorhynechus sp.)이 확인되었으며, 캐슬파인골프장 그린의 크리핑벤트그라스에서는 목초위축선충(Tylenchorhynechus dubius)에 의한 피해가 처음으로 확인되었다. 금잔디에서는 뿌리혹선충, 나선선충, 줄기구근선충, 뿌리썩이선충이 발견되었으며, 크리핑벤트그라스에서는 뿌리혹선충과 뿌리썩이선충이 발견되었다. 그리고 켄터키블루그라스에서는 뿌리혹선충과 참선충, 위축선충, 가는주름선충, 줄기구근선충, 나선선충이 확인되었다. 분리된 선충들 중 뿌리혹선충이 가장 심각한 선충이었으며 널리 분포하고 있었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.764-769
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• 1992

Strigol은 목화의 뿌리에서 추출된 천연물로서 벼, 옥수수, 사탕수수 등에 기생하는 피류(striga species) 등의 씨앗을 발아시키는데 월등한 효능을 보인다 $(10^{-12} ∼ 10^{-11}M, 80% 발아)$. 그런데 이러한 잡초는 오랜기간(15∼20년) 동안 흙속에서 휴면하고 있기 때문에 이들의 방제가 매우 어렵다. 이들을 방제할 수 있는 제초제 개발을 위해서 여러가지 strigol 유사체들인 3-methyl-4-(2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-ylidenemethoxy)-but-2-en-4-olide(21), 4-(2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-ylidenemethoxy)but-2-en-4-oilde(22), 3-methyl-4-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-ylidenemethoxy)-but-2-en-4-olide(23), 4-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-ylidenemethoxy)-but-2-en-4-olide(24)등을 합성하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2000

In nature, plant diseases, insects and parasites (hereafter called as "pest") must be co-survived. The most common expression of co-survival of a host crop to the pest can be tolerance. With tolerance, chemical uses can be minimized and it protects environment and sustains host productivity and the minimum pest survival. Tolerance can be applicable in all living organisms including crop plants, lifestocks and even human beings. Tolerant system controls pest about 90 to 95% (this pest control system often be called as horizontal or partial resistance), while the use of chemicals or selection of high resistance controls pest 100% (the most expression of this control system is vertical resistance or true resistance). Controlling or eliminating the pests by either chemicals or vertical resistance create new problems in nature and destroy the co-survial balance of pest and host. Controlling pests through tolerance can only permit co-survive of pests and hosts. Tolerance is durable and environmentally-friend. Crop cultivars based on tolerance system are different from those developed by genetically modified organism (GMO) system. The former stabilizes genetic balance of a pest and a host crop in nature while the latter destabilizes the genetic balance due to 100% control. For three decades, the author has implemented the tolerance system in breeding maize cultivars against various pests in both tropical and temperate environments. Parasitic weed Striga species known as the greatest biological problem in agriculture has even been controlled through this system. The final effect of the tolerance can be an integrated genetic pest management (IGPM) without any chemical uses and it makes co-survival of pests in nature.in nature.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate metacercarial infections in the wrestling halfbeak, Dermogenys pusilla, collected from Bangkok metropolitan region of Thailand. A total of 4,501 fish from 78 study sites were commonly examined with muscle compression and digestion methods (only head part of fish) during September 2017 to July 2018. The overall prevalence of metacercarial infection was 86.1% (3,876/4,501 individuals), and the mean intensity was 48.9 metacercariae per fish infected. Four species, i.e., Posthodiplostomum sp., Stellantchasmus falcatus, Cyathocotylidae fam. sp., and Centrocestus formosanus, of digenetic trematode metacercariae (DTM) were detected. The prevalences were 65.8%, 52.0%, 2.1%, and 1.2%, respectively and their mean intensities were 23.1, 51.6, 1.4, and 3.2 per fish infected, respectively. The seasonal prevalences were 81.0% in winter, 87.8% in summer and 87.4% in rainy, and the mean intensities were 38.9, 46.6, and 55.2 metacercariae per fish infected, respectively. Conclusively, it was confirmed that the wrestling halfbeak play the role of second intermediate hosts of 4 species of digenetic trematodes including S. falcatus and Posthodiplostomum sp. in Bangkok metropolitan region. And then the metacercariae of C. formosanus and Cyathocotylidae fam. sp. are to be first found in the wrestling halfbeak by this study.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 1986

경제작물(經濟作物) 주산지(主産團地)의 식물기생선충 종류(種類), 분포상태(分布狀態) 및 기생선충 밀도(密度)에 따른 피해정도(被害程度)를 파악(把握)코자 채 및 깔데기법(法)으로 마늘, 감자 등 18개(個) 작물(作物) 3,226포장(圃場)을 조사(調査)하여 1. 16속(屬)(genus)의 기생선충을 분류(分類)하였음. 2. 마늘의 구근선충은 포장검출율(圃場檢出率)이 81% 이며 이중 마늘 1구당(球當) 30마리 이상의 선충이 검출(檢出)된 포장(圃場)은 96%로 이러한 포장에서는 피해(被害)가 예상(豫想)됨. 3. 고추, 오이, 토마토, 땅콩에는 뿌리혹선충이 주요(主要) 기생선충이며, 포장검출율(圃場檢出率)이 높을 뿐더러 선충밀도가 토양(土壤) 100gr당(當) 100마리 이상되는 포장(圃場)이 각각 35%, 17%, 28%, 31%로 이러한 지역(地域)은 피해(被害)가 예상(豫想)됨. 4. 고추에 있어서는 Meloidogyne hapla, M. incognita가, 참깨에서는 Helicotylenchus dihystera, 사과에는 Pratylenchus vulnus, P. penetrans, 포도에서는 Meloidogyne hapla, 뽕나무에서는 Paratytylenchus projectus, P. aciculus, P. morius, Meloidogyne arenaria, Helicotylenchus dihystera 가 각각 주요(主要) 선충이었다. 5. 고추의 경작년수(耕作年數)가 많을수록 뿌리혹선충의 밀도(密度)가 높았으며 5년(年) 연작시(連作時) 토양(土壤) 200gr당(當) 3,500마리나 되었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.300-309
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• 2012

Long endurance is a key issue in the application of unmanned aerial vehicles. This study presents feasibility test results when fuel cell system as an alternative to the conventional engine is applied for the power of the UAV after the 150W fuel cell system is developed and packaged to the 1/4 scale super cub airplane. Fuel cell system is operated by dead-end method in the anode part and periodically purged to remove the water droplet in flow field during the operation. Oxygen in the air is supplied to the stack by the two air blowers. And fuel cell stack is water cooled by cooling circuit to dissipate the heat generated during the fuel cell operation. Weight balance is considered to integrate the stack and balance of plant (BOP) in package layout. In flight performance test, we demonstrated 4 times standalone take-off and landing. In the laboratory test simulating the flight condition to quantify the energy flow, the system is analyzed in detail. Sankey diagram shows that electric efficiency of the fuel cell system is 39.2%, heat loss 50.1%, parasitic loss 8.96%, and unreacted purged gas 1.67%, respectively compared to the total hydrogen input energy. Feasibility test results show that fuel cell system is high efficient and appropriate for the power of UAV.