• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2008

무선이동통신 단말기의 기능과 서비스가 고도화됨에 따라 단말기 내의 복잡도가 증가되고 있고 관리 또한 어려워지고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 효율적인 단말기 관리를 위해 단말기 관리 표준안인 OMA(Open Mobile Alliance) DM(Device Management) 기술을 기반으로 하는 단말기 관리 에이전트를 설계 및 구현하였다. 제안된 에이전트는 현재 ADD, DELETE, REPLACE, GET 명령을 통해 기본적으로 설정 값을 관리할 수 있다. 추후 오류보고, 소프트웨어 설치 및 배포 등의 추가 기능을 위해 각 모듈을 분리하여 설계 및 구현하였다. 그러므로 관리 명령을 해석 및 생성하는 모듈의 수정 없이 명령어 처리를 담당하는 어댑터 부분만을 수정하여 기능을 추가할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 단말기 관리 에이전트는 국내 표준 플랫폼인 위피(Wireless Internet Platform for Interoperability)를 기반으로 구현되었다. 따라서 개발된 에이전트의 이식성을 높일 수 있다. 또한 OMA DM 기술을 위피 플랫폼 상의 에이전트에 적용하여 구현함으로써, 위피 플랫폼의 기능적 적합성 검증 뿐만 아니라, OMA DM 기술의 확산을 위한 실질적인 개발 사례를 제시할 수 있다. 제안된 에이전트의 정상적인 동작여부를 검증하기 위해 SK WIPI SDK v1.2를 사용하였고, OMA DM 에이전트 테스트용 서버인 Funambol 서버와 연동하여 단말기 관리작업을 수행하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2006

A rapid, selective and sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of dipyridamole in human serum was developed, validated, and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of dipyridamole. Dipyridamole and internal standard, loxapine, were extracted from human serum by liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether and analyzed on a Nova Pak $C_{I8}$ column with the mobile phase of 40 mM ammonium acetate:methanol:acetonitrile (35:35:30)(v/v/v, pH 7.8). Detection wavelength of 280 nm and flow rate of 1.0 mL/min were fixed for the study. The assay robustness for the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate was confirmed by $3^3$ factorial design using a fixed dipyridamole concentration (50 ng/mL) with respect to its peak area and retention time. And also, the ruggedness of this method was investigated at three different laboratories using same quality control (QC) samples. This method showed linear response over the concentration range of 2-2000 ng/mL with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The lower limit of quantification using 0.5 mL of serum was 2 ng/mL, which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies of dipyridamole. The overall accuracy of the quality control samples ranged from 103.94 to 105.86% for dipyridamole with overall precision (% C.V.) being 4.60-11.49%. The relative mean recovery of dipyridamole for human serum was 97.64%. Stability studies showed that dipyridamole was stable during storage, or during the assay procedure in human serum. The peak area and retention time of dipyridamole were not significantly affected by the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate under the conditions studied. This method showed good ruggedness (within 15% C.V.) and was successfully used for the analysis of dipyridamole in human serum samples for the pharmacokinetic studies of orally administered Dimor tablet (75 mg as dipyridamole) at three different laboratories, demonstrating the suitability of the method.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2006

A rapid, selective and sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of promethazine in human serum was developed, validated, and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of promethazine. Promethazine and internal standard, chlorpromazine, were extracted from human serum by liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane containing 0.8% isopropanol and analyzed on a Capcell Pak CN column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (42:58, v/v, adjusted to pH 6.0 with 1 M NaOH). Detection wavelength of 251 nm and flow rate of 0.9 mL/min were fixed for the study. The assay robustness for the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate was confirmed by $3^{3}$ factorial design using a fixed promethazine concentration (10 ng/mL) with respect to its peak area and retention time. In addition, the ruggedness of this method was investigated at three different laboratories using same quality control (QC) samples. This method showed linear response over the concentration range of 1-40 ng/mL with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The lower limit of quantification using 1 mL of serum was 1 ng/mL, which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies. The overall accuracy of the quality control samples ranged from 96.15 to 105.40% for promethazine with overall precision (% C.V.) being 6.70-11.22%. The relative mean recovery of promethazine for human serum was 63.54%. Stability (freeze-thaw and short-term) studies showed that promethazine was stable during storage, or during the assay procedure in human serum. However, the storage at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks showed that promethazine was not stable. Extracted serum sample and stock solution were not allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 12 hr prior to injection. The peak area and retention time of promethazine were not significantly affected by the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate under the conditions studied. This method showed good ruggedness (within 15% C.V.) and was successfully used for the analysis of promethazine in human serum samples for the pharmacokinetic studies of orally administered Himazin tablet (25 mg as promethazine hydrochloride) at three different laboratories, demonstrating the suitability of the method.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.531-544
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• 2009

This study was conducted to survey multiple factors of aversion to vegetables and preferences for vegetable-related recipes in school meal services among elementary school children in order to help develop various menus and recipes for school meal services. Questionnaire survey was carried out with the study subjects, who were 401 children in 6th grade attending elementary schools in Chonnam and Kwangju metropolitan regions. Results from the survey can be summarized as follows: 65.1% of respondents answered they try to eat vegetables and other namul side dishes served in school meal service for health. As for the frequency of taking vegetables and namul side dishes out of daily meals, 47.4% of respondents chose 'once or twice'. The reasons for aversion to vegetables in boys were taste and cooking method, while girls were taste and feeling between teeth. In boys there were no differences between regions of Kwangju and Chonnam but the tendency of aversion to vegetables was significantly high in girls. As for the aspects of vegetable aversion of subjects, 46.9% of respondents took up 'black & purple' in the unfavorable color of vegetables. 49.1% in 'bitterness' and 39.2% in 'greasiness' were in terms of the aversive taste of vegetables. The aversive vegetable recipes were 58.6% in 'raw & seasoned' and the unfavorable feeling of vegetables were 53.1% in 'squashiness'. There were differences between regions of Kwangju and Chonnam with boys in color and cooking method in girls. Results from the survey on their preferences for vegetable recipes showed that leafy vegetables like crown daisy (raw/slightly seasoned) and pak choi (broth/pot stew) fell to the most aversive category, while bean sprouts (broth/pot stew) were chosen as the most favorable one. Among root vegetables bell-flowers were found to belong to the least preferred recipe, while potatoes were proven to be most preferable in terms of recipes. As for fruit vegetables and other vegetables, all respondents didn't like 'fatsia shoots' vegetable and it's cooking method and they preferred 'green pumpkins (broth/pot stew)'. In respect of mushrooms, enoki mushroom (broth/pot stew) was found most preferred and had high tendency of preferences in boys and girls in Kwangju compared with Chonnam region. The study results indicated that respondents did not show big differences in factors influencing them to be averse to vegetables and their preferences for vegetable recipes depending on regions. In order to have high preference and intake in children's diets, it needs to study in reform of menu about using namul or vegetables mixed with meats and fruits that children preferred or applying roasted and fried other less than namul.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.329-333
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• 2001

새로 개발되거나 혹은 기존의 어떤 진단검사를 다양한 임상상황에 적용하기 위해서는 먼저 이들 검사법의 진단적 정확도를 추정하는 연구가 반드시 선행되어야 한다. 진단의 정확도에 대한 추정치를 모른다면 검사결과를 해석하는 것이 불가능하기 때문이다. 특히 동일한 개체에서 감염부위별로 3개 이상의 시료를 얻어 진단검사를 적용하는 경우 각 시료의 검사결과는 독립적인 측정시료가 아니라 개체내에서 연관성이 매우 높은 종속적인 시료에 해당 한다. 즉 동일한 개체에서 얻은 시료일수록 검사결과에서 유사한 반응을 보이며 이 경우 분석의 단위는 각각의 개체가 아니라 검사부위가 되는데 이는 의학연구에서 매우 흔하다. 본 연구에서는 Helicobacter 균에 의한 감염을 검출하기 위하여 동일한 개로부터 위의 해부학적 구조상 pyloric antrum, body 및 cardia의 생검시료에 대하여 urease 검사와 PCR 검사를 적용하여 각 검사의 진단적 정확도를 추정하였다. urease 검사의 민감도와 특이도는 0.74 (95% 신뢰구간: 0.64-0.84)와 0.87 (95% 신뢰구간: 0.67-1.00)이었으며 PCR 검사의 민감도와 특이도는 0.95 (95% 신뢰구간: 0.89-1.00)와 0.90 (95% 신뢰구간: 0.70-1.00)로 두 검사의 특이도는 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 PCR 검사에 비하여 urease 검사의 경우 가음성 (false negative)의 가능성이 높기 때문에 진단결과에 대한 신중한 해석이 요구된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2013

The primary goal of this study was to compute sample sizes required to achieve the each aim of a variety of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) surveillance programs, using a statistically valid technique that takes the following factors into account: sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of diagnostic test system, desired minimum detectable prevalence, precision, population size, and desired power of the survey. In addition, sample sizes to detect FMD if the disease is present and also as proof of freedom were computed. The current FMD active surveillance programs consist of clinical, virological, and serological surveillance. For the 2012 serological surveillance, annual sample sizes (n = 265,065) are planned at four separate levels: statistical (n = 60,884) and targeted (n = 115,232) at breeding pig farms and slaughter house, in together with the detection of structural proteins (SP) antibodies against FMD (n = 88,949). Overall, the sample size was not designed taking the specific aims of each surveillance stream into account. The sample sizes for statistical surveillance, assuming stratified two-stage sampling technique, was based to detect at least one FMD-infected case in the general population. The resulting sample size can be used to obtain evidence of freedom from FMD infection, not for detecting animals that have antibodies against FMD virus non-structural proteins (NSP). Additionally, sample sizes for targeted surveillance were not aimed for the population at risk, and also without consideration of statistical point of view. To at least the author's knowledge, sampling plan for targeted, breeding pig farms and slaughter house is not necessary and need to be included in the part of statistical surveillance. Assuming design prevalence of 10% in an infinite population, a total of 29 animals are required to detect at least one positive with probability of 95%, using perfect diagnostic test system (Se = Sp = 100%). A total of 57,211 animals needed to be sampled to give 95% confidence of estimating SP prevalence of 80% at the individual animal-level with a precision of ${\pm}5%$, assuming 800 herds with an average 200 heads per farm, within-farm variance of 0.2, between-farm variance of 0.05, cost ratio of 100:1 of farm against animals. Furthermore, 779,736 animals were required to demonstrate FMD freedom, and the sample size can further be reduced depending on the parameters assumed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Plasmodium vivax reemerged in the Republic of Korea (ROK) in 1993, and is likely to continue to affect public health. The purpose of this study was to measure levels of anti-P. vivax antibodies using indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in border areas of ROK, to determine the seroprevalence of malaria (2003-2005) and to plan effective control strategies. Blood samples of the inhabitants in Gimpo-si, Paju-si, and Yeoncheon-gun (Gyeonggi-do), and Cheorwon-gun (Gangwon-do) were collected and kept in Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). Out of a total of 1,774 serum samples tested, the overall seropositivity was 0.94% (n=17). The seropositivity was the highest in Paju-si (1.9%, 7/372), followed by Gimpo-si (1.4%, 6/425), Yeoncheon-gun (0.67%, 3/451), and Cheorwon-gun (0.19%, 1/526). The annual parasite incidence (API) in these areas gradually decreased from 2003 to 2005 (1.69, 1.09, and 0.80 in 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively). The highest API was found in Yeoncheon-gun, followed by Cheorwon-gun, Paju-si, and Gimpo-si. The API ranking in these areas did not change over the 3 years. The seropositivity of Gimpo-si showed a strong linear relationship with the API of 2005 (r=0.9983, P=0.036). Seropositivity data obtained using IFAT may be useful for understanding malaria prevalence of relevant years, predicting future transmission of malaria, and for establishing and evaluating malaria control programs in affected areas.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2009

Oryza grandiglumis Chitinase IVa (OgChitIVa) cDNA encoding a class IV chitinase was cloned from wild rice (Oryza grandiglumis). OgChitIVa cDNA contains an open reading frame of 867 nucleotides encoding 288 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 30.4 kDa and isoelectric point of 8.48. Deduced amino acid sequences of OgChitIVa include the signal peptide and chitin-binding domain in the N-terminal domain and conserved catalytic domain. OgChitIVa showed significant similarity at the amino acid level with related monocotyledonous rice and maize chitinase, but low similarity with dicotyledoneous chitinase. Southern blot analysis showed that OgChitIVa genes are present as two copies in the wild rice genome. It was shown that RNA expression of OgChitIVa was induced by defense/stress signaling chemicals, such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethephon or cantharidin and endothall or wounding, and yeast extract. It was demonstrated that overexpression of OgChitIVa in Arabidopsis resulted in mild resistance against the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, by lowering disease rate and necrosis size. RT-PCR analysis showed that PR-1 and PR-2 RNA expression was induced in the transgenic lines. Here, we suggest that a novel OgChitIVa gene may play a role in signal transduction process in defense response against B. cinerea in plants.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.701-707
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• 2010

원예치료 연구논문의 원예치료 효과 분석을 위하여 1985년부터 2009년 2월까지 총 377편의 국내 외 원예치료 관련 연구 논문(국내 학위논문 196, 국내 학술지 논문 113, 국외 학위논문 5, 국외 학술지 논문 63) 중 메타분석이 가능한 108편의 논문을 대상으로 메타분석을 수행한 결과, 전체적인 원예치료의 효과크기(Effect size)는 0.71로 나타나 효과가 큼을 알 수 있었다. 대상자의 유형과 연령, 인원수 간의 효과분석 결과, 아동을 대상으로 실시한 연구에 있어서 가장 효과가 컸으며 대상자의 유형에 있어서는 일반인에 비하여 정신지체아동, 치매 노인에 있어서 효과가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 연구대상자수에 있어서는 5명 이하로 구성된 소그룹에서 효과가 컸으며 연구자의 전공영역에 있어서는 원예 관련학과에서 수행한 원예치료 프로그램의 효과가 타전공 영역에서 보다 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 원예치료 프로그램 관련 변인에 있어서의 효과분석에서는, 화훼장식을 이용한 프로그램이 효과가 가장 높았으며 프로그램의 횟수에 따라서는 21-30회, 31회 이상에서 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 단기적 원예치료 프로그램에 있어서의 원예치료의 영역별 효과검증 결과, 인지적, 사회적, 신체적, 정서적 영역 중에서 신체적 영역이 가장 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.280-283
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• 2005

본 실험은 고랭지에서 사계성딸기의 고설벤치식 양액재배시 묘의 생산 및 저장방법에 따른 생육 및 수량을 비교하고자 실시하였다. 처리는 주냉장묘, 노지월동묘, 폿트냉장묘와 1년생묘였다. 정식시 묘의 생육량은 폿트냉장이 가장 많았다. C/N율은 1년생이 19.5로 가장 낮았고, 폿트냉장은 39.2로 가장 높았다. 그러나 첫 수확기의 생육량은 처리간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 1년생의 첫 수확시기는 다른 처리에 비해 $5\~9$일 늦었다. 1년생의 평균과중은 12.6g으로 가장 무거웠다. 상품수량은 폿트냉장이 가장 많았고, 1년생, 주냉장, 노지월동 순으로 많았다. 따라서 고랭지에서 단경기생산을 위한 사계성 딸기의 정식묘는 폿트냉장이 가장 좋았다.