• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.250-253
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• 2000

The effects of high relative humidity (RH) on the physicochemical properties and microbial activity of mature green tomatoes ('Dombito') during refrigerated storage were determined at three temperatures (5, 10, and $15^{\circ}C$) and four different RH levels (91, 94, 97, and 99%). At each temperature, the weight loss rates of tomatoes at different levels of RH were significantly (p<0.05) different from each other. For the samples stored at $10^{\circ}C$, the weight losses were generally higher than those for the samples at $15^{\circ}C$ within the same RH level (i.e., greater vapor pressure deficit). The color change rates ('a' value) showed positive slopes, indicating that the tomato color was changing from green to red. Neither bacteria nor fungi caused visible damages to the samples, and the microbial counts were below 650 colony forming units/$cm^2$ during the test period.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.425-432
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• 2016

In addition to classical synaptic transmission, information is transmitted between cells via the activation of extrasynaptic receptors that generate persistent tonic current in the brain. While growing evidence supports the presence of tonic NMDA current ($I_{NMDA}$) generated by extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (eNMDARs), the functional significance of tonic $I_{NMDA}$ in various brain regions remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that activation of eNMDARs that generate INMDA facilitates the ${\alpha}$-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionate receptor (AMPAR)-mediated steady-state current in supraoptic nucleus (SON) magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs). In $low-Mg^{2+}$ artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), glutamate induced an inward shift in $I_{holding}$ ($I_{GLU}$) at a holding potential ($V_{holding}$) of -70 mV which was partly blocked by an AMPAR antagonist, NBQX. NBQX-sensitive $I_{GLU}$ was observed even in normal aCSF at $V_{holding}$ of -40 mV or -20 mV. $I_{GLU}$ was completely abolished by pretreatment with an NMDAR blocker, AP5, under all tested conditions. AMPA induced a reproducible inward shift in $I_{holding}$ ($I_{AMPA}$) in SON MNCs. Pretreatment with AP5 attenuated $I_{AMPA}$ amplitudes to ~60% of the control levels in $low-Mg^{2+}$ aCSF, but not in normal aCSF at $V_{holding}$ of -70 mV. $I_{AMPA}$ attenuation by AP5 was also prominent in normal aCSF at depolarized holding potentials. Memantine, an eNMDAR blocker, mimicked the AP5-induced $I_{AMPA}$ attenuation in SON MNCs. Finally, chronic dehydration did not affect $I_{AMPA}$ attenuation by AP5 in the neurons. These results suggest that tonic $I_{NMDA}$, mediated by eNMDAR, facilitates AMPAR function, changing the postsynaptic response to its agonists in normal and osmotically challenged SON MNCs.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.407-425
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• 1998

We have studied the clinical application of burning acupuncture by examining 18recent-published papers in the journal 'ZHONGGUO ZHENJIU(中國鍼灸)' for the bibliographical study and clinical study and have given medical treatment of burning acupuncture on 21 Patients who suffered 'the body chill symptoms(冷症)' at the oriental hospital of Won-Kwang University, Kwang-Ju. As a result, we have come to some conclusions as below. 1. The diseases for which the modern borning acupuncture is efficacious are widely extended to various kinds of field such as surgery, internal medicine, gynecology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology. etc. as well as numbness, meridian muscle disease(經筋病) mentioned in 'Neijing(內徑)' . 2. The effects of burning acupuncture therapy are wen zhuang yang qi(溫壯陽氣), sheng ji lian chuang(生肌斂瘡), san han chu shi(散寒除濕), qu fens zhi yang(祛風止痒), qu yu chu fu pai nong(祛瘀除腐排膿), san jie xiao zhong(散結消腫), zhi tong huan ji chu ma mu(止痛緩急除麻木), qing re xie hue jie du(淸熱瀉火解毒). 3. The recently reported diseases for which burning acupuncture is good are internal and external humeral epicondylitis, atheroma, menorrhalgia, thecal cyst, tragomaschalia, pruritus, traumatic onychophemia, gout of feet, prostatomegaly, aacne, supprative infection of body surface, snapping finger, backache, numbness, pyocyst etc. 4. The subjective symptoms of 'the body chill symptoms(冷症)' were, most of all, feeling cold accompanied by pain(16 case), while just 4 cases were feeling cold only. 5. In the related diseases of the body chill symptoms(冷症), feeling pain like arthralgia was the most case, and then dysmenorrhea, menorralgia, depression, anemia in order. 6. In the D.I.T.I before and after burning acupuncture treatment, 6 patients had shown 'excellent' effects and 8 patients had turned out 'good', while 7 patients had become'fair'. 7. In the degree of patient-satisfaction, 5 patients announced 'excellence' and 6 patients expressed 'good', 4 expressed 'fair', while the other 6 showed no change. 8. In the correlation of D.I.T.I and patient-satisfaction, the better the result of clinical treatment was, the more satisfied the patient was, however, in the case 'fair', we saw the degree of patient-satisfaction was relatively low, so we could admit the judging significance of D.I.T.I.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.4 s.59
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• pp.791-804
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• 1997

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is one of the common health problem that has been considered as stress-induced. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between life style and the level of stress and IBS by structured questionnaire which included questions on life style, the self-esteemed gastrointestinal symptoms, and Psychosocial Well-being Index(PWI). Subjects were 1,498 male white collars who get the regular health check and participated in survey at Inje University Health Promotion Center from January to ,December, 1996. The overall prevalence of IBS was 37.5%(561 cases), and the level of stress by PWI score was higher in IBS group$(41.8{\pm}14.2)$ than symptom-free group$(34.6{\pm}12.6)$. As the result of comparison between the two groups, heavier smoking (adjusted O.R=2.48, 95% C.I 1.81-3.41), longer daily working time (adjusted O.R=5.19, 95% C.I 3.59-7.56), stimulatory food materials-mainly hot or salty (adjusted O.R=1.87, 95% C.I 1.44-2.45), higher body mass index (adjusted O.R=1.80, 95% C.I 1.27-2.57), and higher level of stress (adjusted O.R=2.81, 95% C.I 1.80-4.43) were estimated as risk factors of IBS. On the contrary, 6-8 hours sleeping per day (adjusted O.R=0.38 95% C.I 0.21-0.70), 3-4 times exercise per week (adjusted O.R=0.57 95% C.I 0.39-0.83), and tenure more than 20 years (adjusted O.R=0.25 95% C.I 0.16-0.35) were considered as protective factors to IBS. In summary, the assessment of the stress level might be placed in the first priority to control IBS, at least by some degree, which suggested that IBS could be controlled by avoiding such risk factors and by encouraging such protective factors.

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find out how we can improve the Registered Cultural Properties System in order to preserve and utilize of modern buildings which have been damaged and destroyed. The main object of the Registered Cultural Properties System is to build the cultural properties preservation system. But nowadays, it is very difficult to preserve modern buildings in city areas because of the desire of development for the site. So we need to approach economically in order to compensate for Registered Cultural Properties System. In this study, I suggested 4 type of system to preserve modern buildings by economical and lawful approach.

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-50
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• 2006

Shrinkage may cause cracking in concrete. In practice such cracking must be considered in most concrete applications because, under normal conditions, drying of the concrete is unavoidable, and when drying takes place shrinkage occurs. Cracked concrete is an inferior concrete because it is weaker, more permeable, and more susceptible to chemical attack. The development of the strength of LAC with aging depends on a few factors such as type of the cement, W/C ratio, curing conditions and periods. The higher the strength of LAC, the lower the possibility of shrinkage cracking. Hence, the strength of LAC in the hypocaust system depends to a large extent on the effect of cracking decrease of the antifoaming rate to drying shrinkage in cement.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2007

To consider potentially new sources which have hypoglycemic effect and accelerating alcohol detoxification, this study was designed to investigate the effect of Crataegus fructus and Morns alba L. in alcohol-treated rats. I compared the body weight, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) of rats administered both alcohol and extract of experimental plants to rats treated with alcohol alone. Administration of extracts of C. fructus and M alba, respectively, resulted in a significant reduction in the blood glucose level and the activities of ADH of liver compared to the control rats, and administration of extract of M. alba showed significantly lower on bodyweight gain in the rats than in other treated rats. In contrast, the activities of ALDH of liver were increased. The activities of AST and ALT between the only alcohol-treated rats and the alcohol and experimental plants-treated rats were no significant difference. The results suggest that C. fructus and M alba have a hypoglycemic effect, and reduce liver damage by accelerating acetaldehyde metabolism in alcoholic rats, so the combined effect of C. fructus and M alba may be considered as an alternative remedy for hangovers, alcohol-induced overweight and alcohol-induced diabetes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.185-190
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• 1995

In recent years, many researcher have been interested in the stability of a thin beam. Among them, Pai and Nayfeh[1] had investigated the nonplanar motion of the cantilever beam under lateral base excitation and chaotic motion, but this study is associated with internal resonance, i.e. one to one resonance. Also Cusumano[2] had made an experiment on a thin beam, called Elastica, under bending loads. In this experiment, he had shown that there exists out-of-plane motion, involving the bending and the torsional mode. Pak et al.[3] verified the validity of Cusumano's experimental works theoretically and defined the existence of Non-Local Mode(NLM), which is came out due to the instability of torsional mode and the corresponding aspect of motions by using the Normal Modes. Lee[4] studied on a thin beam under bending loads and investigated the routes to chaos by using forcing amplitude as a control parameter. In this paper, we are interested in the motion of a thin beam under torsional loads. Here the form of force based on the natural forcing function is used. Consequently, it is found that small torsional loads result in instability and in case that the forcing amplitude is increasing gradually, the motion appears in the form of dynamic double potential well, finally leads to complex motion. This phenomenon is investigated through the poincare map and time response. We also check that Harmonic Balance Method(H.B.M.) is a suitable tool to calculate the bifurcated modes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1150-1160
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• 2011

This study investigates i) the effect of salesperson's self efficacy and work overload on emotional labor and ii) the mediating role of emotion. A survey questionnaire is developed and implemented on salespersons working in the fashion retail stores of department stores. The measurement scales are composed of emotional labor, self efficacy, work overload and emotion. A total of 112 responses are analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and a structural equation model with AMOS18.0. The results are as follows. Firstly, self efficacy has direct effect on both deep acting and surface acting of emotional labor without the mediating effect of emotion. Self efficacy has a positive effect on deep acting. Secondly, work overload has a negative effect on emotion. Job emotion has positive effect on deep acting and it has a negative effect on surface acting. Thirdly, emotion has a significant mediating effect between work overload and emotional labor. Finally, implications for personal management and job design in the fashion retail organizations are suggested.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2010

It is still controversial where the improved stability of n-octadecyltriethoxysilane self-assembled monolayer (OTE SAM) on plasma-pretreated mica surface exactly originates from. To date, it has been well known that the extensive cross-polymerization between silane head-groups is a crucial factor for the outstanding mechanical strength of the monolayer. However, this study clearly showed that the stability comes not only from the cross-links but also, far more importantly, from the direct chemical bonds between silane headgroups and mica surface. To examine this phenomenon, n-octadecyltrichlorosilane monolayers were self-assembled on both untreated and plasma treated mica surfaces, and their adhesion properties at various physical conditions (relative humidity, high stress, and contact repetition) were investigated and compared through the use of the surface forces apparatus technique. It revealed that, in highly humid conditions (>90%RH), there is a substantial difference of stability between untreated and plasma treated cases and the plasma treated surface is mechanically much more stable. It obviously proves that the extensive chemical bonds indeed exist between silane head-groups and plasma treated mica surface and dramatically improve the mechanical stability of the OTE monolayer-coated mica substrate.