• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제19권7호
• /
• pp.1728-1736
• /
• 2015

부정맥 분류를 위한 기존 연구들은 개인별 ECG신호의 차이는 고려하지 않고 특정 ECG 데이터에 종속적으로 개발되었기 때문에 다른 환경에 적용할 경우 그 성능에 변화가 많아 임상 적용에 한계가 있다. 또한 기존의 방법들은 각 ECG 특징점의 정확한 측정을 필요로 하며, 연산이 매우 복잡하다. 복잡도를 줄이기 위한 여러 가지 방법들이 제안되었지만, 그에 따른 분류의 정확도가 떨어지는 문제점이 있었다. 따라서 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해서는 개인별 다양한 ECG 신호의 패턴에 따라 최소한의 특징점을 추출함으로써 연산의 복잡도를 줄이고 부정맥을 정확하게 분류 할 수 있는 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 대상 유형별 ECG 신호의 QRS 패턴을 이용한 부정맥 분류 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 전처리를 통해 잡음이 제거된 심전도 신호에서 R파를 검출하고 QRS 특징점을 통해 대상 유형별 ECG 신호의 QRS 패턴을 정의하였다. 이후 패턴분류에 따른 오류를 검출 및 수정하고, 중복된 QRS 패턴을 별도의 부정맥으로 분류하였다. 제안한 방법의 우수성을 입증하기 위해 MIT-BIH 부정맥 데이터베이스 43개의 레코드를 대상으로 PVC, PAC, Normal, LBBB, RBBB, Paced beat의 검출율을 비교하였다. 실험결과 Normal, PVC, PAC, LBBB, RBBB, Paced beat의 검출율은 각각 99.98, 97.22 95.14, 91.47, 94.85, 97.48%의 우수한 검출율을 나타내었다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.450-460
• /
• 2017

T파는 심장의 심실의 재분극을 나타내는 파라미터로써 부정맥 진단에 있어 매우 중요하다. T 파를 검출하기 위한 기존 연구방법으로는 주파수 분석과 비선형 접근방법 등이 제안되어 왔지만 검출 정확도가 낮다는 문제점이 있다. 이는 T파의 경우 P파와 중복되는 경우가 발생하기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 QRS 구간을 제거한 후, 이동평균을 통한 P파와 T파의 대상 영역을 추출하여 정확히 T파를 검출하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이를 위해 전처리를 통해 잡음이 제거된 심전도 신호에서 Q, R, S를 검출한다. 이후 검출된 QRS 구간을 제거, 이동평균을 통해 4개의 PAC 패턴과 기타부정맥에 대한 판단규칙을 적용하여 P, T파의 대상 영역을 추출하고, 이를 대상으로 RR 간격과 RT 간격의 문턱치를 적용하여 T파를 검출하였다. 제안한 방법의 우수성을 입증하기 위해 MIT-BIH 부정맥 데이터베이스 48개의 레코드를 대상으로 한 T파의 평균 검출율은 95.32%의 성능을 나타내었다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.212-217
• /
• 2021

Premature contraction arrhythmia is the most common disease among arrhythmia and it may cause serious situations such as ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Most of arrhythmia clasification methods have been developed with the primary objective of the high detection performance without taking into account the computational complexity. Also, personalized difference of ECG signal exist, performance degradation occurs because of carrying out diagnosis by general classification rule. Therefore it is necessary to design efficient method that classifies arrhythmia by analyzing the persons's physical condition and decreases computational cost by accurately detecting minimal feature point based on only QRS features. We propose method for personalized specific classification of premature contraction arrhythmia based on QRS features in smart healthcare environments. For this purpose, we detected R wave through the preprocessing method and SOM and selected abnormal signal sets.. Also, we developed algorithm to classify premature contraction arrhythmia using QRS pattern, RR interval, threshold for amplitude of R wave. The performance of R wave detection, Premature ventricular contraction classification is evaluated by using of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database that included over 30 PVC(Premature Ventricular Contraction) and PAC(Premature Atrial Contraction). The achieved scores indicate the average of 98.24% in R wave detection and the rate of 97.31% in Premature ventricular contraction classification.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.192-200
• /
• 2015

부정맥 분류를 위한 기존 연구들은 특정 ECG 데이터에 종속적으로 개발되었기 때문에 다른 환경에 적용할 경우 그 성능에 변화가 많아 임상 적용에 한계가 있다. 즉, 생체 신호의 특성상 개인 간의 차이가 있음에도 불구하고, 일반적인 ECG 신호의 판단규칙에 따라 진단을 수행하기 때문이다. 또한 이러한 대부분의 방법들은 P, Q, R, S, T 지점의 정확한 측정을 필요로 하며, 데이터의 가공 및 연산이 복잡하다. 따라서 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해서는 개인별 특성을 가진 ECG 데이터를 분석하여 최소한의 특징점을 추출함으로써 그에 따른 패턴을 분류하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이상 심전도와 같은 다양한 신호를 고려하여 Q, R, S 피크 변화에 따른 개인별 ECG 신호의 패턴 분석기법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 전처리를 통해 잡음이 제거된 심전도 신호에서 R파를 검출하고 Q, R, S의 진폭과 위상변화에 따른 8개의 특징점을 추출하였다. 이후 각 특징점의 피크 변화와 형태에 따른 ECG 신호를 분석하고 부정맥 유형에 따른 9가지 패턴을 정의하였다. 제안한 방법의 우수성을 입증하기 위해 43개의 MIT-BIH 레코드를 대상으로 Normal, PVC, PAC, LBBB, RBBB, Paced Beat의 각 패턴을 분석하였다. 실험결과 9가지 패턴에 대한 검출율은 93.72%로 우수하게 나타났다.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2015

NPC, 특히 적 캐릭터들의 인공지능은 게임의 설계 단계에 있어 난이도를 조절하기 위해 핵심적인 요소이다. 지능적인 적들은 게임을 보다 도전적으로 만들 뿐 아니라, 동일한 게임 환경에서도 유저들에게 다양한 경험을 제공할 수 있다. 오늘날 대부분의 게임 유저들은 다수의 적들과 상호작용을 하기 때문에, 적 캐릭터들의 협업을 제어하는 것은 이전 어느 때보다 그 중요성이 크다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 팩맨 게임의 적 인공지능에 구현될 수 있는 A* 알고리즘 기반의 협력전술을 제안한다. 17명의 피실험자로부터 얻은 설문 결과는 제안된 협력전술을 따르는 적으로 구성된 레벨이, 기존 팩맨게임에서의 적들 또는 비협력적인 적들로 구성된 레벨들보다 더 어렵고 흥미로웠음을 보여준다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.517-526
• /
• 2009

This research has been conducted to investigate the characteristics of hydraulic behavior within the PAC contactor, the rectangular shape sedimentation basin without inclined tube and the other one with inclined tube those are parts of demonstration plants(capacity : $2,000m^3/d$) in Korea Institute of Water and Environment. As results of tracer tests, the flow within PAC contactor was evaluated to divided into plug flow and dead space distinctly, and characteristics of dead space was close to that of CSTR(Complete/continuous Stirred Tank Reactor). Also, considering Reynolds number, Froude number, Morill, Modal, NCSTR Inex and plug flow/mixed flow fraction, in the case of the rectangular shape sedimentation basin without inclined tube, the characteristics of flow pattern was close to CSTR. On the other hand, in the case of the basin with inclined tube, the region of CSTR decreased precisely compared with the case of no-tube. Until now we have recognized that the inclined hydraulic structure just reduces the surface loading rate within a sedimentation basin. Actually besides, the inclined structure have an important effect on the hydraulic behavior within the basin.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국감성과학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2002

Resident's agreeableness anger elevation request by improvement of life environment with economy development is increasing recently. However, research about air current estimation in dwelling environment that make use of air conditioner summer and cooling room is lacking going yet much. We are going to prefer most air current pattern(speed 3 steps of swing) that offer in PAC after figure processing because user's life hysteresis and present air current pattern that is supposed and offer more agreeable environment to room resident.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.235-258
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate climatological variations from the temporal and spatial surface particulate organic carbon (POC) estimates based on SeaWiFS spectral radiance, and to determine the physical mechanisms that affect the distribution of pac in the Gulf of Mexico. 7-year monthly mean values of surface pac concentration (Sept. 1997 - Dec. 2004) were estimated from Maximum Normalized Difference Carbon Index (MNDCI) algorithm using SeaWiFS data. Synchronous 7-year monthly mean values of remote sensing data (sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface wind (SSW), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), precipitation rate (PR)) and recorded river discharge data were used to determine physical forcing factors. The spatial pattern of POC was related to one or more factors such as river runoff, wind-derived current, and stratification of the water column, the energetic Loop Current/Eddies, and buoyancy forcing. The observed seasonal change in the POC plume's response to wind speed in the western delta region resulted from seasonal changes in the upper ocean stratification. During late spring and summer, the low-density river water is heated rapidly at the surface by incoming solar radiation. This lowers the density of the fresh-water plume and increases the near-surface stratification of the water column. In the absence of significant wind forcing, the plume undergoes buoyant spreading and the sediment is maintained at the surface by the shallow pycnocline. However, when the wind speed increases substantially, wind-wave action increases vertical motion, reducing stratification, and the sediment were mixed downward rather than spreading laterally. Maximum particle concentrations over the outer shelf and the upper slope during lower runoff seasons were related to the Loop Current/eddies and buoyancy forcing. Inter-annual differences of POC concentration were related to ENSO cycles. During the El Nino events (1997-1998 and 2002-2004), the higher pac concentrations existed and were related to high runoffs in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, but the opposite conditions in the western Gulf of Mexico. During La Nina conditions (1999-2001), low Poe concentration was related to normal or low river discharge, and low PM/nutrient waters in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, but the opposite conditions in the western Gulf of Mexico.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.830-833
• /
• 2004

An indoor package air-conditioner (PAC) has complex noise sources such as motor noise and fluid noise caused by the fan motor, heat transfer and shroud. Sound intensity techniques and ODS(Operational deflection shape) techniques are applied to identify the noise characteristics of an indoor air-conditioner's cabinet. The sound intensity is used to visualize the noise source locations. and the ODS to visualize the vibration pattern and to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the noise source. Acoustic intensity and operational deflection distribution are obtained in space domains as well as frequency domains. Using the visual information of source locations and its dynamic characteristics, the damping patch is applied to reduce structure borne noise in the cabinet. As a result, the noise emitted by the cabinet is reduced by 5dB.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국감성과학회 1998년도 추계학술발표 논문집
• /
• pp.225-229
• /
• 1998

The purpose of the current study was comparative analysis of autonomic and electrocortical responses to passive and active touch of the tektites with different subjective emotional preference. Perspective goal of the project is development of a template for classification of tactile stimuli according to subjective comfort and associated physiological manifestations. The study was carried out on 36 female college students. Physiological signals were acquired by Grass and B10PAC 100 systems with AcqKnowledge III software. Frontal, parietal and occipital EEG (relative power spectrum /percents/ of EEG bands - delta, theta, slow and fast alpha, low and fast beta), and autonomic variables, namely heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), pulse transit time (PTT), respiration rate (RSP) and skin conductance parameters (SCL, amplitude, rise time and number of SCRs) were analyzed for rest baseline and stimulation conditions. Analysis of the overall pattern of reaction indicated that autonomic response to tactile stimulation was manifested in a form of moderate HR acceleration, RSP increase, RSA decrease (lowered vagal tone), decreased n and increased electrodermal activity (increased SCL, several SCRs) that reflects general sympathetic activation. Parietal EEG effects (on contra-lateral side to stimulated hand) were featured by short-term alpha-blocking, slightly reduced theta and significantly increased delta and enhanced fast beta activity with few variations across stimuli. The main finding of the study was that most and least preferred textures exhibited significant differences in autonomic (HR, RSP, PTT, SCR, and at less extent in RSA and SCL) and electrocortical responses (delta, slow and fast alpha, fast beta relative power). These differences were recorded both in passive and active stimulation modes, thus demonstrating reproducibility of distinction between most and least emotionally preferred tactile stimuli, suggesting influence of psychological factors, such as emotional property of stimulus, on physiological outcome. Nevertheless, development of sufficiently sensitive .and reliable template for classification of emotional responses to tactile stimulation based on physiological response pattern may require more extensive empirical database.