• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of plasma leptin and insulin concentrations on fat traits in Hanwoo. If a biological indicator such as plasma leptin and insulin was identified, it would be a useful biological marker that can be predicted marbling score in young animal. The relationship between plasma hormone (leptin and insulin) and fat traits (marbling score, back fat thickness and P8 fat thickness) was investigated. The experiment studies 100 Hanwoo that were randomly sampled from Hanwoo Experimental Station Herd. The concentration of plasma insulin was significantly associated with marbling score (P=0.02) but was not significantly with back fat thickness (P=0.07) and P8 fat thickness (P=0.09). Statistical model determinant that plasma insulin concentration account for phenotypes was moderate on marbling score (5%), back fat thickness (3%) and P8 fat thickness (9%). On the other hand, plasma leptin concentration was significantly associated with marbling score (P=0.03) and back fat thickness (P=0.02), but was not significant on P8 fat thickness (0.07). Statistical model determinant that plasma leptin concentration accounting for phenotypes was moderate effect on marbling score (3%) and back fat thickness (2%), but it has a slightly bigger effect on P8 fat thickness (7%). In conclusion, the plasma leptin and insulin seems to have an effect on fat traits (marbling score, backfat thickness and P8 fat thickness) in Hanwoo.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 1969

Skinfold thickness measurement and total body fat calculation were made in summer (July) and winter (December or January) On 70 medical students (age: 20 yr),8 national team basketball players (age: 20 yr), and 9 middle-age men. Skinfold thickness measurements were made on 4 sites, namely, back, arm, waist and abdomen. The mean skinfold thickness (mm) of the 4 sites was substituted into the following formulae. For adult of 20 years old: % Fat=0.911x+8.1, and for middle-aged men % Fat=1.199x+1.41. In young medical students and ball players body weight decreased, mean skinfold thickness increased in winter season. As a result total body fat .(% body weight) increased in winter In middle-aged men both body weight and mean skinfold thickness increased in winter and resulted in an increase in the total body fat. The detailed data are as follows: 1. In medical students summer: winter values were: body weight, 59.7 :58.9 kg; mean skinfold thickness, 7.85 : 8.12 mm; and total body fat, 15.0 : 15.5% body weight (P<.30). 2. In national team basketball players summer: winter values were: body weight, 73.5 : 69.1 kg; mean skinfold thickness, 7.2 : 7.5 mm; total body fat, 11.6 : 12.1% (P:NS). 3. In middle-aged men summer vs winter values were: body weight, 61.5 : 63.0 kg; mean skinfold thickness, 10.3 : 11.8 mm; total body fat, 17.2 : 18.0% (P:NS). 4. Skinfold thickness on back showed no seasonal variation and on abdomen the thickness increased in winter. 5. It was concluded that the predominant factor in increasing total body fat in winter is the decrease in body exercise in the winter time.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measured by ultrasonography (US) and serum lipid profile and liver transaminases in obese children. Methods: One hundred and sixty-six children diagnosed with obesity from May 2001 to December 2013 were included in this study. Data on serum lipid profile and liver transaminases were collected from clinical records. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and grade of hepatic steatosis were evaluated by US. Results: Of the 166 children, 107 were diagnosed with hepatic steatosis by US, 46 with grade I, 56 with grade II, and five children with grade III. According to the grade of hepatic steasosis, the average values of midline abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and right flank abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measured $2.9{\pm}0.8cm$ and $1.9{\pm}0.7cm$ in the normal group, $3.3{\pm}0.8cm$ and $2.0{\pm}0.7cm$ in grade I, $3.8{\pm}0.8cm$ and $2.3{\pm}0.8cm$ in grade II, and $4.1{\pm}0.8cm$ and $2.8{\pm}1.4cm$ in grade III, respectively. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness correlated with grade of hepatic steatosis (p<0.01). In addition, abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness correlated with concentration of serum lipids and liver transaminases in the age group of 12-14 years (p<0.01). Conclusion: Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measured by US can be used as a reliable predictor of possible hyperlipidemia and steatohepatitis in children, especially during the adolescent stage.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2009

본 시험은 초음파 진단장치를 이용한 한우 번식우의 산차 및 지역별 산육특성에 관한 연구에 대하여 알아보고자 실시하였다. 강원도 6개시 군 한우 번식우 1,386두를 공시하여 초음파 진단장치(HS-2000, Japan)를 이용하여 배최장근단면적(LMAU; Longissimus Muscle Area Ultrasound), 등지방두께(BFTU; Back Fat Thickness Ultrasound), 근내지방도(MSU; Marbling Score Ultrasound), 둔근지방두께(P8 FTU; P8 Fat Thickness Ultrasound)를 측정하였다. 성적 조사 및 자료의 조정 후 각 한우의 출생년도-계절, 지역 및 산차별 산육특성을 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 산차별 산육특성을 비교했을 때 산차가 증가할수록 산육 형질은 6산까지 증가하다가 7산차 이후에는 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한, 지역별 산육특성을 비교하면 모든 지역에서 고도의 유의적(p<0.01)인 차이를 보였으며 화천지역의 암소에서 배최장근단면적과 근내지방도가 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈으며, 양구지역의 경우 등지방두께, 둔근지방두께가 가장 낮은 수치를 보였다. 출생년도와 계절에 따른 산육형질에서는 2000년 가을철 태생의 개체의 배최장근단면적과 근내지방도, 2005년과 2006년 가을철 태생에서 각각 등지방두께 및 둔근지방두께가 우수한 것으로 분석되었다. 산육특성관련 형질간의 상관관계에서는 상호간 상관이 어느 정도 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 등지방두께와 둔근지방두께의 상관계수가 가장 높았고, 반대로 배최장근단면적과 둔근지방두께의 상관계수가 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 6산차까지의 산육형질이 우수한 것으로 분석되었고, 지역 차이에 따른 산육형질의 특징이 나타났으며, 등지방두께와 둔근지방두께의 상관관계가 가장 높은 것으로 분석되어, 본 시험결과는 앞으로 한우 번식우 개량 및 사양관리에 적절하게 이용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.569-575
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrP) on fat deposition, genetic expression and enzymatic activity of lipid metabolism-related enzymes. Methods: Two hundred forty one-day-old Ross broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group and 12 Ross broiler chicks per replicate. The normal control group was fed a basal diet, and the other groups fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg CrP respectively. The experiment lasted for 21 days. Results: Added CrP in the basal diet decreased the abdominal fat, had no effects on subcutaneous fat thickness and inter-muscular fat width; 0.2 mg/kg CrP significantly decreased the fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzymatic (p<0.05); acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzymatic activity decreased in all CrP groups (p<0.05); hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) enzymatic activity also decreased, but the change was not significant (p>0.05); 0.4 mg/kg CrP group significantly decreased the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzymatic activity. FAS mRNA expression increased in all experimental groups, and the LPL mRNA expression significantly increased in all experimental groups (p<0.05), but not 0.2 mg/kg CrP group. Conclusion: The results indicated that adding CrP in basal diet decreased the abdominal fat percentage, had no effects on subcutaneous fat thickness and inter-muscular fat width, decreased the enzymatic activity of FAS, ACC, LPL and HSL and increased the genetic expression levels of FAS and LPL.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.628-641
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• 1992

To investigate the effects of exercise-training on fat distribution several indicators of body fatness(percent body fat skinfolds thickness body circumference) were assessed in 128 healthy male subjects submitted to an 8-wk high intensive exercise-training. The subjects(average age=20.3$\pm$1.3 yrs) exercised 5 days/week. Daily energy intake and expenditure wee recorded. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1) Through exercise-training lean body mass increased significantly (changes : 0.5$\pm$1.5kg; p=0.000) decreased significantly. 2) Suprailiac was the most reduced site by exercise-training among eight site skinfolds. Central skinfolds were changed more by exercise-training than peripheral skinfolds with reduction of 1.7$\pm$2.1mm and 0.4$\pm$1.8mm respectively. Central site circumferences were reduced more by exercise-training than peripheral site circumferences. 3) As a result of analyzing 12 of the fattest(top 10% of weight) and 12 of the leanest men(bot-tom 10% of weight) it indicated that there was a significant reduction of fat tissue in body composition and skinfolds thickness for the fat group. However there was no significant change for the lean groups. 4) Correlational analysis showed that predicting changes in body fat by infrared(NIR) measurement seemed to be closely associated with changes in body fat by Kim's equation and Katch's equation in young men.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.476-483
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• 2016

심장외막지방(epicardial adipose tissue, EAT)은 여러 호르몬을 분비하는 대사활성 내분비 기관으로 지방의 두께증가는 심혈관질환이나 대사질환의 위험인자이다. 본 연구는 초음파를 이용하여 대상군의 심장외막 지방두께와 복부피하지방두께를 측정한 후 일반적 특성 및 혈액학적 특성과의 상관관계를 분석하고 대사질환의 예측을 위한 지방두께를 제시하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 대상자의 심장외막지방두께의 평균은 각 단면도에서 각각 8.890mm, 4.783mm, 4.777mm, 6.147mm로 측정되었다. 각 단면에서 심장외막지방두께평균과 위험인자와의 상관관계에서는 나이, BMI, 수축기혈압, LDH, LDL, TC가 양의 상관관계(p<0.05)를 나타냈다. 특히 대사질환의 위험인자를 가지고 있는 대상자가 위험인자를 가지고 있지 않은 대상자에 비하여 심장외막지방두께 및 복부피하지방의 두께가 유의(p<0.05)하게 높게 나타났다. EAT1에서 측정한 심장외막지방 두께 8.950 mm에서 대사질환의 위험을 예측할 수 있는 민감도 66.7 %, 특이도 80 %를 보여 가장 신뢰성 있는 cut off value를 나타냈다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1409-1414
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the chicken lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL), using 545 F1 hybrids developed from $4{\times}4$ diallel crossing of four chicken breeds, and to analyze the associations between polymorphisms of the LPL and chicken fat deposition traits. PCR-SSCP was used to detect SNPs in LPL. Fifteen sets of primers were designed to amplify DNA fragments covering the 5'flanking and coding regions of LPL. It showed that there existed 5 polymorphic loci in the 5'flanking region and coding region, respectively. Association analysis was carried out between 10 polymorphic loci and intermuscular fat width, abdominal fat weight, and thickness of subcutaneous fat using ANCOVA, respectively. The results indicated that, in the 5'flanking region, the loci d and e significantly affected thickness of subcutaneous fat (p<0.05), abdominal fat weight (p<0.01) and subcutaneous fat (p<0.05), while in the coding region, synonymous mutation in exon 8 was significantly associated with intermuscular fat width (p<0.05), however, the non-synonymous mutations in exon 7 and exon 9 did not show statistically significant effects on fat deposition traits in this study.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to predict body compositions of live pigs using bioelectrical impedance procedures. In experiment 1, 32 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) finishing pigs with an average weight at 84.06 kg were used. In experiment 2, 96 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) finishing pigs with an average weight at 88.8 kg were used. A four-terminal body composition analyser was utilized to determine fat percentage. Lean meat percentage and backfat thickness were measured with a lean meat measuring meter. In experiment 1, fat percentage was not significantly correlated with lean meat percentage, although a tendency (p < 0.1) of a negative correlation was found. Backfat thickness was significantly correlated with fat percentage and lean meat percentage (r = 0.745 and r = -0.961, respectively). Coefficients of determination for fat percentage with lean meat percentage, fat percentage with backfat thickness, and backfat thickness with lean meat percentage were 0.503, 0.566, and 0.923, respectively. In experiment 2, fat percentage was significantly correlated with lean meat percentage (r = -0.972). Backfat thickness was also significantly correlated with fat percentage and lean meat percentage (r = 0.935 and r = -0.957, respectively). Results of this study indicate that bioelectrical impedance analysis might be useful for predicting body compositions of live finishing pigs.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.105-117
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• 1988

To evaluate training effect, aerobic dance was performed by eight female collegestudents for 8 weeks. Body composition, cardiopulmonary function at rest and during maximal exercise, blood cholesterol concentration at rest were determined before and after 8weeks of aerobic dance training. Maximal exercise was performed on the treadmill according of Bruce protocol. Pre to post training differences were evaluated. The results obtained were as follows : 1. After the training, skinfold thickness and total body fat decreased significantly(p＜0.1) while lean body mass increased with significance (p＜0.1). 2. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure at rest decreased without sinificance after the training. 3. As a result of training, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume for a second increased significantly (p＜0.01, p＜0.1). 4. After the training period, heart rate at 3, 6, and 9 min. during treadmill exercise was significantly lower than those of pretraining (p＜0.05). 5. After the training, systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 6 and 9 min during the exercise was significantly lower than those of pretraining (p＜0.025, p＜0.1). 6. After the training, oxygen uptake at 3 and 6 min during the exercise was significantly greater than those of pretraining (p＜0.05). 7. As a result of training, the maximal oxygen uptake increased significantly during the exercise (p＜0.1). 8. After the training, expired air volume for a minute at 3 and 6 min during the exercise was signigicantly grerter than those of pretraining (p＜0.1). 9. After the training, repiratory quotient during the exercise was lower than pretaining without significance. 10. After the training, blood HDL -cholesterol concentration incereased with significance, (p＜0.1) blood total cholesterol and triglycerids concentration decreasedsignificantly (p＜0.1). From these results, it may be concluded that 8 week aerobic dance training reduces skinfold thickness and body fat contents, improves the cardiopulmonary function and tissue oxygen utilization, reduces blood cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and brings about the increase of blood HDL-cholesterol concentriation.