• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of plasma leptin and insulin concentrations on fat traits in Hanwoo. If a biological indicator such as plasma leptin and insulin was identified, it would be a useful biological marker that can be predicted marbling score in young animal. The relationship between plasma hormone (leptin and insulin) and fat traits (marbling score, back fat thickness and P8 fat thickness) was investigated. The experiment studies 100 Hanwoo that were randomly sampled from Hanwoo Experimental Station Herd. The concentration of plasma insulin was significantly associated with marbling score (P=0.02) but was not significantly with back fat thickness (P=0.07) and P8 fat thickness (P=0.09). Statistical model determinant that plasma insulin concentration account for phenotypes was moderate on marbling score (5%), back fat thickness (3%) and P8 fat thickness (9%). On the other hand, plasma leptin concentration was significantly associated with marbling score (P=0.03) and back fat thickness (P=0.02), but was not significant on P8 fat thickness (0.07). Statistical model determinant that plasma leptin concentration accounting for phenotypes was moderate effect on marbling score (3%) and back fat thickness (2%), but it has a slightly bigger effect on P8 fat thickness (7%). In conclusion, the plasma leptin and insulin seems to have an effect on fat traits (marbling score, backfat thickness and P8 fat thickness) in Hanwoo.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 1969

Skinfold thickness measurement and total body fat calculation were made in summer (July) and winter (December or January) On 70 medical students (age: 20 yr),8 national team basketball players (age: 20 yr), and 9 middle-age men. Skinfold thickness measurements were made on 4 sites, namely, back, arm, waist and abdomen. The mean skinfold thickness (mm) of the 4 sites was substituted into the following formulae. For adult of 20 years old: % Fat=0.911x+8.1, and for middle-aged men % Fat=1.199x+1.41. In young medical students and ball players body weight decreased, mean skinfold thickness increased in winter season. As a result total body fat .(% body weight) increased in winter In middle-aged men both body weight and mean skinfold thickness increased in winter and resulted in an increase in the total body fat. The detailed data are as follows: 1. In medical students summer: winter values were: body weight, 59.7 :58.9 kg; mean skinfold thickness, 7.85 : 8.12 mm; and total body fat, 15.0 : 15.5% body weight (P<.30). 2. In national team basketball players summer: winter values were: body weight, 73.5 : 69.1 kg; mean skinfold thickness, 7.2 : 7.5 mm; total body fat, 11.6 : 12.1% (P:NS). 3. In middle-aged men summer vs winter values were: body weight, 61.5 : 63.0 kg; mean skinfold thickness, 10.3 : 11.8 mm; total body fat, 17.2 : 18.0% (P:NS). 4. Skinfold thickness on back showed no seasonal variation and on abdomen the thickness increased in winter. 5. It was concluded that the predominant factor in increasing total body fat in winter is the decrease in body exercise in the winter time.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measured by ultrasonography (US) and serum lipid profile and liver transaminases in obese children. Methods: One hundred and sixty-six children diagnosed with obesity from May 2001 to December 2013 were included in this study. Data on serum lipid profile and liver transaminases were collected from clinical records. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and grade of hepatic steatosis were evaluated by US. Results: Of the 166 children, 107 were diagnosed with hepatic steatosis by US, 46 with grade I, 56 with grade II, and five children with grade III. According to the grade of hepatic steasosis, the average values of midline abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and right flank abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measured $2.9{\pm}0.8cm$ and $1.9{\pm}0.7cm$ in the normal group, $3.3{\pm}0.8cm$ and $2.0{\pm}0.7cm$ in grade I, $3.8{\pm}0.8cm$ and $2.3{\pm}0.8cm$ in grade II, and $4.1{\pm}0.8cm$ and $2.8{\pm}1.4cm$ in grade III, respectively. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness correlated with grade of hepatic steatosis (p<0.01). In addition, abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness correlated with concentration of serum lipids and liver transaminases in the age group of 12-14 years (p<0.01). Conclusion: Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measured by US can be used as a reliable predictor of possible hyperlipidemia and steatohepatitis in children, especially during the adolescent stage.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2009

Current study was conducted to investigate the influence of parity and region variation in ultrasound live carcass traits of Hanwoo cows. A total of 1,386 heads of Hanwoo cows, spreading over six regions in Gangwon province of South Korea, were measured for longissimus muscle area, back fat thickness, marbling score and rump fat thickness by using real-time ultrasound method. The results revealed that, positive correlations were found in all ultrasound live carcass traits. All live carcass traits were increased in accordance with parity until the sixth, and then decreased thereafter. Statistical significant differences (p<0.01) were found among regions in ultrasound live carcass traits, e.g. Hanwoo cows showed highest longissimus muscle area and marbling score in Hwacheon, while the lowest back fat thickness and rump fat thickness were observed in Yanggu. Greater longissimus muscle area and marbling scores were found in Hanwoo cows which were born during autumn, 2000. Moreover, individuals born during autumn, 2005 and 2006 showed a thicker back fat and rump fat thickness. Back fat thickness had the highest positive correlation with rump fat thickness, while rib eye area and rump fat thickness had the lowest correlation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.569-575
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrP) on fat deposition, genetic expression and enzymatic activity of lipid metabolism-related enzymes. Methods: Two hundred forty one-day-old Ross broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group and 12 Ross broiler chicks per replicate. The normal control group was fed a basal diet, and the other groups fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg CrP respectively. The experiment lasted for 21 days. Results: Added CrP in the basal diet decreased the abdominal fat, had no effects on subcutaneous fat thickness and inter-muscular fat width; 0.2 mg/kg CrP significantly decreased the fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzymatic (p<0.05); acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzymatic activity decreased in all CrP groups (p<0.05); hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) enzymatic activity also decreased, but the change was not significant (p>0.05); 0.4 mg/kg CrP group significantly decreased the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzymatic activity. FAS mRNA expression increased in all experimental groups, and the LPL mRNA expression significantly increased in all experimental groups (p<0.05), but not 0.2 mg/kg CrP group. Conclusion: The results indicated that adding CrP in basal diet decreased the abdominal fat percentage, had no effects on subcutaneous fat thickness and inter-muscular fat width, decreased the enzymatic activity of FAS, ACC, LPL and HSL and increased the genetic expression levels of FAS and LPL.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.628-641
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• 1992

To investigate the effects of exercise-training on fat distribution several indicators of body fatness(percent body fat skinfolds thickness body circumference) were assessed in 128 healthy male subjects submitted to an 8-wk high intensive exercise-training. The subjects(average age=20.3$\pm$1.3 yrs) exercised 5 days/week. Daily energy intake and expenditure wee recorded. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1) Through exercise-training lean body mass increased significantly (changes : 0.5$\pm$1.5kg; p=0.000) decreased significantly. 2) Suprailiac was the most reduced site by exercise-training among eight site skinfolds. Central skinfolds were changed more by exercise-training than peripheral skinfolds with reduction of 1.7$\pm$2.1mm and 0.4$\pm$1.8mm respectively. Central site circumferences were reduced more by exercise-training than peripheral site circumferences. 3) As a result of analyzing 12 of the fattest(top 10% of weight) and 12 of the leanest men(bot-tom 10% of weight) it indicated that there was a significant reduction of fat tissue in body composition and skinfolds thickness for the fat group. However there was no significant change for the lean groups. 4) Correlational analysis showed that predicting changes in body fat by infrared(NIR) measurement seemed to be closely associated with changes in body fat by Kim's equation and Katch's equation in young men.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.476-483
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• 2016

Epicardial adipose tissue(EAT) is metabolically active endocrine organ that secretes several hormones in fat thickness is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. This study was to measure and then using ultrasound epicardial adipose tissue thickness, abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness in the target group correlates and general blood properties and characteristics, and presents a local thickness for prediction of metabolic disorders. Results epicardal adipose tissue of the average thickness measured in each of the subjects was 8.890mm, 4.783mm, 4.777, 6.147mm in each section. Showed the epicardial adipose tissue in correlation with the average thickness of the risk factors age, BMI, SBP, LDH, LDL, TC is a positive correlation relationship(p<0.05) in each section. In particular, the thickness of the metabolic disorders epicardial adipose tissue thickness, abdominal subcutaneous compared to subjects that do not have the risk subjects with a risk factor for fat significantly higher(p<0.05). It showed the most reliable that can be cut-off value of 8.950mm obtained with 66.7 % sensitivity and 80 % specificity for predicting the risk of metabolic disorders.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1409-1414
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the chicken lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL), using 545 F1 hybrids developed from $4{\times}4$ diallel crossing of four chicken breeds, and to analyze the associations between polymorphisms of the LPL and chicken fat deposition traits. PCR-SSCP was used to detect SNPs in LPL. Fifteen sets of primers were designed to amplify DNA fragments covering the 5'flanking and coding regions of LPL. It showed that there existed 5 polymorphic loci in the 5'flanking region and coding region, respectively. Association analysis was carried out between 10 polymorphic loci and intermuscular fat width, abdominal fat weight, and thickness of subcutaneous fat using ANCOVA, respectively. The results indicated that, in the 5'flanking region, the loci d and e significantly affected thickness of subcutaneous fat (p<0.05), abdominal fat weight (p<0.01) and subcutaneous fat (p<0.05), while in the coding region, synonymous mutation in exon 8 was significantly associated with intermuscular fat width (p<0.05), however, the non-synonymous mutations in exon 7 and exon 9 did not show statistically significant effects on fat deposition traits in this study.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.332-338
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to predict body compositions of live pigs using bioelectrical impedance procedures. In experiment 1, 32 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) finishing pigs with an average weight at 84.06 kg were used. In experiment 2, 96 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) finishing pigs with an average weight at 88.8 kg were used. A four-terminal body composition analyser was utilized to determine fat percentage. Lean meat percentage and backfat thickness were measured with a lean meat measuring meter. In experiment 1, fat percentage was not significantly correlated with lean meat percentage, although a tendency (p < 0.1) of a negative correlation was found. Backfat thickness was significantly correlated with fat percentage and lean meat percentage (r = 0.745 and r = -0.961, respectively). Coefficients of determination for fat percentage with lean meat percentage, fat percentage with backfat thickness, and backfat thickness with lean meat percentage were 0.503, 0.566, and 0.923, respectively. In experiment 2, fat percentage was significantly correlated with lean meat percentage (r = -0.972). Backfat thickness was also significantly correlated with fat percentage and lean meat percentage (r = 0.935 and r = -0.957, respectively). Results of this study indicate that bioelectrical impedance analysis might be useful for predicting body compositions of live finishing pigs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.105-117
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• 1988

To evaluate training effect, aerobic dance was performed by eight female collegestudents for 8 weeks. Body composition, cardiopulmonary function at rest and during maximal exercise, blood cholesterol concentration at rest were determined before and after 8weeks of aerobic dance training. Maximal exercise was performed on the treadmill according of Bruce protocol. Pre to post training differences were evaluated. The results obtained were as follows : 1. After the training, skinfold thickness and total body fat decreased significantly(p＜0.1) while lean body mass increased with significance (p＜0.1). 2. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure at rest decreased without sinificance after the training. 3. As a result of training, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume for a second increased significantly (p＜0.01, p＜0.1). 4. After the training period, heart rate at 3, 6, and 9 min. during treadmill exercise was significantly lower than those of pretraining (p＜0.05). 5. After the training, systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 6 and 9 min during the exercise was significantly lower than those of pretraining (p＜0.025, p＜0.1). 6. After the training, oxygen uptake at 3 and 6 min during the exercise was significantly greater than those of pretraining (p＜0.05). 7. As a result of training, the maximal oxygen uptake increased significantly during the exercise (p＜0.1). 8. After the training, expired air volume for a minute at 3 and 6 min during the exercise was signigicantly grerter than those of pretraining (p＜0.1). 9. After the training, repiratory quotient during the exercise was lower than pretaining without significance. 10. After the training, blood HDL -cholesterol concentration incereased with significance, (p＜0.1) blood total cholesterol and triglycerids concentration decreasedsignificantly (p＜0.1). From these results, it may be concluded that 8 week aerobic dance training reduces skinfold thickness and body fat contents, improves the cardiopulmonary function and tissue oxygen utilization, reduces blood cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and brings about the increase of blood HDL-cholesterol concentriation.