• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.49-60
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability of the blood.breath ratio (BBR) value and to rationalize the determination of ethanol in breath for evidential sobriety testing. In the experiment forty eight healthy persons, 24 men and 24 women, took part. The experiment included the experimental condition such as sex(2),the type of alcoholic beverage(2; soju, whisky), the type of food(2;kimchi stew, pork belly) and the amount of ethanol consumed(2; 0.35g/kg, 0.70g/kg, based on body weight ) according to 24 factorial design by orthogonal arrays. Breath and blood sample were taken each 8 times and 5 times after the end of drinking. The blood and breath alcohol measurements were highly correlated (r = 0.973). The Results of four way analyses of variance revealed a significant 'the type of food' effect for maximum BrAC (F (1, 43) =5.1, pp<.029), but no significant effect in the type of alcoholic beverage and sex. The overall blood/breath ratio (${\pm}$ SD) was 2295${\pm}$403 and the 95% confidence interval were 1489 and 3101. In spite of these variations, at this time, it seems to be reasonable that apply 2100:1 conversion factor to breathalyzers, because most of the subjects showed the blood.breath ratio of over 2100:1 at least 30 minutes or more passed from the time of drinking as shown in this study.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1989

Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) using crude worm antigen of adult Paragonimus westermani was performed for human patients sera to identify the species-specific components. Crude antigen was obtained by homogenizing and centrifuging 24-week old adult worms at 10,000 rpm for 60 minutes in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, PH 7.2) containing: Phenyl methyl sulfonyl auoride (PMSF). Gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) was performed and blotted electrophoretically onto a sheet of nitrocellulose paper. The sheet was cut into strips and exposed to sera diluted 1 : 200 with PBS. SDS-PAGE showed 26 protein bands ranging 229 to 10 kDa. Of them 229, 91, 60, 50, 35∼31, 27, 25, 21, 17, 11 and 10 kDa components showed positive reaction with serum antibody of patients with p. westermani. Sera of patients infected with Clcnorchis sinensis reacted with 35∼31, 19, and 11 kDa bands. Human sera from cysticercosis and diphyllobothriasis cases showed non-specific cross reactions with 229, 35∼31, 27, 25 and 17kDa bands. Protein bands of 91, 60, 21 and 10kDa showed strong positive reaction without cross reactions with sera from other helminthic infections.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1996

This study was conducted to know the effect of storage period, harvesting time and light condition on dormancy breaking of major weeds. Echinochloa crus-galli, Cyperus serotinus, Aeschynomene indica, Ludwigia prostrata and Bidens tripartita had the 10 or 30% germination ability within 30 days after harvest but scirpus juncoides, Potamogeton distinctus, Aneilema japonica and Monochoria vaginalis had not germination untill 120 days after harvest of seed. C. serotinus and P. hydropiper required strong light for germination but S. juncoides, L. prostrata and B. tripartita showed the less tham 5% germination in the dark condition gerntinator. S. juncoides germination showed negative response in chemical soaking but A. japonica, B. tripartita and L. prostrata showed high germination percentage in Acetone, Chloroform and distilled water soaking during the 10 days after treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-50
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• 1993

심근관류 스캔에서 약제부하 검사에 많이 이용되는 것으로는 adenosine, dipyridamole, dobutamine등이 있다. 이 약제들이 혈역학 및 thallium의 약동학에 미치는 효과를 검사하기 위하여 저자들은 15명의 건강인을 대상으로 이들 약제를 정맥주사한 후에와 그리고 운동부하를 시행한 후에 thallium-201 신근관류 스캔을 시행하여 thallium의 약동학에 미치는 영향에 대하여 서로 비교하였다. 부작용은 adenosine (87%), dipyridamole(80%), dobutamine (73%)을 정맥주사할 시에 흔히 나타났으나 경미하였다. 1예에서는 dobutamine을 주사할때의 부작용으로 인하여 최대용량을 투여하지는 못한바 있었다. 대상들은 dipyridamole (13%)이나 dobutamine (27%)보다 adenosine (60%)을 선호하였다 (P<0.05). Thallium의 절대 적인 심근섭취는 운동부하 검사보다 adenosine (1.3배), dipyridamole(1.2배), dobutamine(1.4배) 부하시에 더 많았고, 이들 약제 사이에는 유의한 차이는 없었다. Thallium의 심근제거율(%/hr)는 운동부하 검사보다 약제부하한 후에가 더 늦었다. 폐, 간, 비장, 및 내장지역에서 thallium의 섭취 및 제거는 운동부하 검사보다 약제부하시에 더 많았으나, 이들 약제 사이에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. Dobutamine 투여시의 thallium의 섭취 및 제거는 adenosine 또는 dipyridamole을 투여시의 결과와 상응하였다. 저자들은 adenosine, dipyridamole 및 dobutamine을 이용한 약제부하 thallium-201 심근관류 검사를 시행하는데 코든 대상들에서 어려움 없이 쉽게 시행할 수 있었다. Thallium의 심근내 섭취 및 제거는 각 약제부하에 따라서 다를 수가 있으므로 심근관류 스캔의 정량적인 분석을 시행할 때는 각각 약제에 대한 특별한 진단기준이 마련되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.292-296
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• 2013

Recently, Pleurotus eryngii, King oyster mushroom is the main export item in South Korea mushroom industry. For appropriate transportation to Europe and USA markets, it is necessary to elucidate suitable conditions of storage and treatment of post-harvest during long time shipping. Whole mushrooms were packed with polypropylene anti-fog film (30 um) without trimming. The range of package weight and oxygen permeability of film were 200 g~400 g and 2000~5000 $cc/m^2$, 24 h,atm, respectively. The weight loss ratio was increased with increasing storage time. There were no big differences in weight loss ratio according to package weight and oxygen permeability of film at low temperature storage($4^{\circ}C$). In case of package weight is 400 g and oxygen permeability of film is 3000 $cc/m^2$, 24 h, atm. As a results of freshness, the optimum packing weight and oxygen permeability of film of P. eryngii were 400 g and below 2,000 $cc/m^2$, 24 h, atm, respectively.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2009

This study was to investigate pregnancy rate of IVM/IVF/IVC Korean cattle (registered in government) embryos according to transport time course. For the production of embryos, oocytes recovered from slaughtered excellent grade cow and highly motile frozen-thawed bull semen (purchased from LIMC, KPN#497) was used. In vitro produced embryos were cultured in CR1aa medium for 8 days and some of them were frozen. The rate of average cleavage (>2-cell) was 83.0% (308/371) and blastocyst rate at day 8 was 34.7% (107/308). Among in vitro produced blastocyst embryos at day 8, most healthy embryos were freshly transferred on production day and some frozen embryos were direct transferred on appropriate day. These embryos were produced in a laboratory, embryo transfer (ET) was planned in 10 areas of the remote island (Jeju) from the laboratory by airplane. Thus, we examined the pregnancy rate in recipient cow according to embryo of transport time course before ET. From embryo transferred 44 recipient cows, overall pregnancy was 40.9% (18/44), these 18 cows were all calved [single, 94% (17/18); twin, 6% (1/18)] and total embryo implantation rate was 26% (19/66). Comparing transport time in the base of 6 hr, pregnancy rate in ET group required less 4 hr (60%, 9/15) was significantly higher than that required more 6 hr (26.3%, 5/19). In direct ET of freezing embryos, the pregnancy rate was 40% (4/10). However, it was difficult to find the meaning of temperature, pH and corpus luteum quality of recipients on comparison of pregnancy rate. When the cell death level of embryos according to storage time in thermos (straw container) before ET was measured by TUNEL staining, apoptotic index was increased with storage time-dependent. These results demonstrated that long distance transfer of IVM/IVF/IVC embryos is possible and the time of embryo transport is very important for the pregnancy rate on field trial.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2016

Background: It is widely accepted that cervical interlaminar steroid injection (CIESI) is more effective in treating radicular pain than axial neck pain, but without direct comparison. And the differences of effect after CIESI according to MRI findings are inconsistent. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the therapeutic response of CIESI according to pain sites, durations, MRI findings, and other predictive factors altogether, unlike previous studies, which evaluated them separately. Methods: The medical records of 128 patients who received fluoroscopy guided CIESI were analyzed. We evaluated the therapeutic response (more than a 50% reduction on the visual analog scale [VAS] by their second visit) after CIESI by (1) pain site; neck pain without radicular pain/radicular pain with or without neck pain, (2) pain duration; acute/chronic (more than 6 month), and (3) findings of MRI; herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD)/spinal stenosis, respectively and altogether. Results: Eighty-eight patients (68%) responded to CIESI, and there were no significant differences in demographic data, initial VAS score, or laboratory findings. And there were no significant differences in the response rate relating to pain site, pain duration, or MRI findings, respectively. In additional analysis, acute radicular pain with HIVD patients showed significantly better response than chronic neck pain with spinal stenosis (P = 0.04). Conclusions: We cannot find any sole predictive factor of therapeutic response to the CIESI. But the patients having acute radicular pain with HIVD showed the best response, and those having other chronic neck pain showed the worst response to CIESI.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 1992

Field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of plant growth regulator (PGR); IAA, GA, Kinetin to regrowth of sorghum and pearlmillet according to variety and plant growth stage. Kinetin application after cut increased tiller number and decreased dry weight of regrowth, but its application on sorghum stubble in water stress increased tiller number and leaf elongation rate, consequently increased regrowth dry weight. GA application reduced tiller production in both species, but tiller formation in pearlmillet was decreased more than in sorghum by promoting leaf elongation of old tiller. Nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) of stubble during regrowth was consumed less at anthesis than at stem elongation stage because of senescence of tiller primordia. GA treatment reduced NSC content more than other PGR in both plant species, by consuming reserve NSC and stimulating rapid elongation of old tiller after cut. Dry matter increase during regrowth had high correlation with tiller number and tiller elongation a week after cut, while it did not have any correlation with NSC at cutting stage or with consumption of NSC during regrowth. Therefore, regrowth in sorghum and pearmillet must depend upon activity of tiller primordia more than upon amount of reserved NSC.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.234-241
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• 2016

The approach presented in this article refers to the bioanalytical method validation for the detection and quantitative determination of arsenic species including arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) in dog plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP/MS). The arsenic species were separated using an agilent As speciation column by a mobile phase of 2 mM sodium phosphate monobasic, 0.2 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate, 10 mM sodium acetate, 3 mM sodium nitrate and 1 % ethyl alcohol at pH 11 (adjusted with 1M NaOH). The method validation experiment was obtained selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, recovery, system suitability, dilution integrity and various stabilities. All calibration curves showed good linearity (R²>0.999) within test ranges. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 5 ng/mL for As(III), As(V) and DMA, and 20 ng/mL for MMA. The system suitability and dilution values were within 6.5 % and 7.7 %. Subsequently, the developed and validated HPLC-ICP/MS method was also successfully applied to determine the arsenic speciation in dog plasma samples, and the recoveries for the spiked samples were in the range of 91.5–102.2 %. Therefore, this method could be applied to the evaluation of arsenic exposure, health effect assessment and other bio-monitoring studies in biological samples.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.275-284
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• 2002

Granular gland regeneration in the toad after dorsal skin wound histologically was examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. After cutaneous wounds were induced by excision, animals were maintained in special cages for up to 20 days. In transmission electron microscopy (TEM), newly formed granular gland, though poorly developed, was seen on 4 day after injury. Epithelial cells moved toward apical region of newly formed gland. The cells had smooth surface and were not connected to other cells by desmosomes. Mitochondria rich cell (MRC) possessing long cytoplasmic processes formed a gland cavity and hemidesmosomes were found under the cell processes. Basal cavity of newly formed gland consisted of MRC, pro-granular producing cells (pGPC), and granular producing cell (GPC). Moreover it was observed that xanthophores moved to the base of the epithelial tissue on 10 day after the injury. These cells contained numerous pterinosomes and carotenoid vesicles. Immature pterinosomes were large and carotenoid vesicles were moderately electron dense. On 13 day after the injury, xanthophores contained abundant carotinoid vesicles and lammelated pterinosomes. Iridophores were also observed adjacent the developing xanthophores on 16 day post-injury. These observations indicated that regeneration of granular gland from glandular precursor cells during wound healing and subsequent expansion of the glandular cells might be dependent on maturation and proliferation of these newly formed cells.