• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.128-135
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• 2003

102 ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) were obtained by sequencing clones from a library of rainbow trout kidney cDNAs. Of the sequences generated, 55.8% of the ESTs were represented by 37 known genes. The 45 clones of unknown gene products potentially represent 40 novel genes. The genes involved in structural function (14.5%) and transcription/translation (11.6%) account for the major gene expression activities in the kidney Microarray experiment was conducted to compare gene expression of the unique ESTs in young and adult rainbow trout kidneys. While mitochondrion, cytochrome b, rho G, spastin protein, and three unknown genes were down-regulated in the mature fish kidney, calponin 1, calcium binding protein, histone deacetylase 1, and an unknown gene were up-regulated in the mature fish kidney. This research demonstrates the feasibility and power of functional genomics in rainbow trout.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2001

Entomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces japonicus, has been commercially used as medicinal purpose . The silkworm, Bombyx mori, as an optimal host for the fungi, has been selected and used for the production of the fungal fruit bodies. In current method, newly molted fifth instal larvae should be exposed to the adverse stress environment of high temperature (3$0^{\circ}C$), high relative humidity ( 90%), and starvation for 24h for better fungal inoculation to the host insects. In this study, an alternative method using chemical agent, dexamethasone (DEX: an eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitor), was tried to get the immunodepressive effect on the larvae to elevate the inoculation rate of the fungi to the silkworm without any harsh rearing environment. DEX (100$\mu\textrm{g}$) showed significantly synergistic effect on the hemocyte lethality of the fungus, and was effective to decrease cellular immune responses measured by the number of hemocyte microaggregation and phenoloxidase activity of the fifth instar larvae in response to the fungal injection. A detergent of 0.05% Triton-X was effective to increase the in- oculation rate of the fungi to the larvae and used in all fungal spraying solutions. Without any environ- mental stress treatment, only DEX (100$\mu\textrm{g}$) injection to the fifth instar larvae followed by the fungal spray was effective to get the inoculation rate equivalent to the current fungal spray method requiring harsh rearing environment. These results suggest that the inoculation of P. japonicus can be elevated by the help of DEX and that the silkworms use eicosanoids to elicit cellular immune response against fungal pathogen.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2001

Cystic lesion of the jaw are frequently encountered clinically. Although they rarely lead to development of tumors, they can result in resorption of the jaw bone or asymmetry of the face may occur. The purpose of this study is to find the clinical and histopathological pattern of cysts and to help better understanding for the diagnosis and treatment of jaw cysts. The hospital chart, out-patient chart, panorama X-ray, histopathological report and operation report of 246 patients were reviewed who had been diagnosed as cyst. Sex distribution, age distribution, classification, anatomic distribution, clinical sign & symptoms, treatment, post-operation complications, recurrence rate were studied. Then significant difference between the diameter of cyst with bone graft and none-bone graft was calculated with SAS program. The results were as follows. 1. Among the total patient of 246 cases, male were 163 case(67.0%), and female were 83 case(37.0%), male predominated by the ratio of 1.98. 2. By age group, the 20's accounted for the largest proportion of the cases(27.2%) and the 30' accounted for the 2nd largest proportion of the case(19.5%). 3. Radicular cyst and dentigerous cyst were most common cysts, irrespective of 166 case(67.5%) and 62 case(25.2%). 4. Clinical sign & symptoms were swelling(167case), pain(85case), pus discharge(53case), teeth discoloration(28case), indicating that most complaints were related to inflammation and facial asymmetry. 4.9% of the total cases were discovered accidentally. 5. The primary site of cysts were maxillary anterior area(43.9%), the others were, in descending order, mandibular posterior area(25.6%), maxillary posterior area(14.6%). 6. Enucleation with endodontic treatment was a main treatment method(133 case, 54.1%) and 38 cases(15.4%) were enucleation with extraction, and 37 cases(15.0%) were only enucleation, and 21 cases(8.5%) were enucleation with bone graft. 7. The average diameter of cysts with bone graft was significally greater than with non-bone graft(p<0.05). 8. Post-operation complications occurred in 10 case(4.1%), all of this were due to secondary infection.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.383-389
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of severe early childhood caries and feeding pratices in preschool children. The subjects of study were six hundred and seventy-two preschool children in Iksan city. Severe early childhood caries(S-ECC) was defined as the presence of one or more cavitated, missing due to caries, or filled smooth surfaces in primary maxillary anterior teeth. The caregivers of children were given a questionnaire including age, gender, birthweight, and feeding practices. The prevalence of S-ECC was 34.5%. The prevalence was significantly higher when there were the habit of sleeping while feeding, the habit of feeding sour or sweet content in the bottle, and the habit of using the pacifier. Birth weight, breast-feeding, bottle-feeding, and the sippy cup habit showed no significant association with the prevalence of S-ECC. There were significant positive associations between breast-feeding and sleeping while feeding, between bottle-feeding and the pacifier, between sleeping while feeding and sour or sweet content in the bottle, between sleeping while feeding and the sippy cup, between sleeping while feeding and the pacifier, and between the sippy cup and the pacifier. There were significant negative associations between breast-feeding and the pacifier.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.188-195
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• 2020

This study is aimed to evaluate and compare the surface roughness and microbial adhesion to alkasite restorative material (Cention N), resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), and composite resin. And to examine the correlation between bacterial adhesion and surface roughness by different finishing systems. Specimens were fabricated in disk shapes and divided into four groups by finishing methods (control, carbide bur, fine grit diamond bur, and white stone bur). Surface roughness was tested by atomic force microscope and surface observation was performed by scanning electron microscope. Colony forming units were measured after incubating Streptococcus mutans biofilm on specimens using CDC biofilm reactor. Cention N surface roughness was less than 0.2 ㎛ after finishing procedure. Control specimens of resin and Cention N specimens were significantly (p = 0.01) rougher. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC = 0.13) indicated a weak correlation between surface roughness and S. mutans adhesion to the specimens. Compared with resin specimens, RMGI and Cention N showed lower microbial adhesion. Surface roughness and bacterial adhesion were not significantly different, regardless of the finishing systems.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.84-88
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• 2004

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is diagnosed through history, physical examination, imaging studies and polysomnography. Clinical examination of this condition may point to hypertrophic tonsils and crowded oropharynx. The objective of this study is to investigate the usefulness of modified Mallampati grade (MMG) and tonsil grade (TG) in predicting the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: MMG and TG were divided into 4 and 5 groups, respectively, according to their severity. Medical records were collected from 94 patients who had received polysomnography and otorhinolaryngologic examination for snoring and sleep apnea at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center from March 2002 through April 2004. Patients were divided into two groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)：control (n=24), and patients with sleep apnea (n=70). Results: Patients with higher MMG and TG had higher AHI, and MMG and TG proved to have a statistically significant correlation with AHI (p<0.05) Conclusion: MMG and TG were reliable predictors of OSA and helpful parameters in deciding treatment method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1989

To find the nutritive values of the edible bamboo shoot (Playllostachys edulis) produced in Korea, the component analysis was conducted using the fresh and canned bamboo shoot. As the principal component ; water, protein, lipid, sucrose, ash, cellulose and calorie content were measured in fresh bamboo shoot and canned bamboo shoot. Also the content of minerals ; K, P, Ca, Fe and Vitamins were analysed and compared between fresh and canned bamboo shoot. The contents of component were devided into upper, middle and bottom bamboo parts. The contents of protein, lipid, ash, cellulose and calories of raw bamboo shoot were higher than those of canned shoot. Generally, the components of bamboo shoot produced in Korea were not significantly different to those of Ueda's results in Japan. But the contents of lipid, calcium and potassium were higher in Korean bamboo shoot.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1501-1506
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• 2011

In this study, we optimized the reaction conditions for the bioconversion of green tea using tannase, and to evaluate its radical scavenging activities. Tea catechins such as (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) were hydrolyzed by tannase to produce (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) or (-)-epicatechin (EC), respectively, and a common product, gallic acid. The bioconversion of tea catechins by tannase was increased as enzyme concentration, substrate concentration and incubation time for enzyme dose. The results indicated the optimum reaction conditions for tannase were tannase 30 U/mL (enzyme concentration) on 1% green tea (substrate concentration) for 1 hr (incubation time for enzyme). Tannase enhanced the radical-scavenging properties of green tea; the 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging abilities were significantly (p<0.001) greater for the tannase-treated green tea extract compared to the untreated green tea extract. It is reported that ECG has the greatest antioxidant activity among the catechins in green tea, and the release of gallic acid is considered to be beneficial because of its significant antioxidant potency. The results of this study suggest that the tannase-treated green tea increases antioxidant activities under optimum reaction conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.2076-2081
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to investigate the gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit improvement effect of DL-methionine methylsulfonium chloride (MMSC) in functional dyspepsia animal models. Cisplatin causes nausea, vomiting, and inhibition of gastric emptying. Rats were divided into four groups: G1 (normal group), G2 (gastric emptying induced by cisplatin), G3 (gastric emptying induced by cisplatin with itopride 30 mg/kg pretreatment), and G4 (gastric emptying induced by cisplatin with MMSC 4 mg/kg pretreatment). Immediately after an oral administration of a liquid meal (phenol red), delayed gastric emptying was induced by cisplatin (10 mg/kg (i.p.)). After 20 min in the cisplatin administration, the animals were sacrificed. In rats treated with cisplatin, the gastric emptying rate was significantly reduced. On the other hand, MMSC reversed the reduction of gastric emptying induced by cisplatin. And also, MMSC caused to travel FITC-dextran more significantly longer distance than the control, which is based on the values of the mean geometric center in the atropine driven delayed gastrointestinal transit animal models. Furthermore, MMSC drastically increased the gastrointestinal transit in rats, considerably increased the values of the mean geometric center (MGC), compared to the control, which was comparable to that of mosapride. These results suggest that MMSC could be an effective component for the treatment of functional dyspepsia.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-79
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• 2001

This study is aimed for estimating hydraulic parameters using the Cooper-Bredehoeft-Papadopulos, the Hvorslev, and the Bouwer & Rice methods at nineteen test holes in Me. Geumjeong area composed of Bulguksa granites, and for characterizing hydraulic properties at the test holes with relatioll to drill core data. The relation among hydraulic Dammeters obtained by the three methods is also considered. The study area is divided into four sub-areas to consider the hydraulic characteristics. The difference of hydraulic conductivity estimates between the injection and the withdrawal slug test may be due to penncable fracture distlibutions around the test hole and/or the disturbance of fine mateIials in the fractures induced by the pressure variation due to different mechanisms of test initiation. The hydraulic conductivity estimates detennined by the Cooper-Bredehoeft-Papadopulos, the Hvorslev and the Bouwer & Rice methods ranges from 10$^{-8}$ to lO$^{-5}$m/sec, and the ranges of average values are from 10$^{-7}$ to 10$^{-6}$m/sec. Also, the transmissivity ranges from 10$^{-7}$ to 10$^{-5}$$m^2$/sec. Comparing average hydraulic conductivity by the Cooper-Bredehoeft-Papadopulos, the Hvorslev and the Bouwer & Rice methods, by the Hvorslev method has the highest values, then the Bouwer & Rice method, and the Cooper-Bredehoeft-Papadopulos method has the lowest.