• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2014

Purpose Find out about the significance of the GFR values calculated by the kidney depth is measured by comparing the values obtained for kidney depth was measured GFR in the CT image kidney depth and is calculated by Tonnesen law in $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA dynamic kidney scan with each applies. Materials and Methods Among patients with normal value (75~120 mL/min) computed GFR conducted of dynamic renal scan to visit from February 2013 to February 2014 and donor GFR values in patients with normal value. The mean age was 46.9 years with 14 men 13 females. We used abdomen CT image which checked before conducting dynamic Kidney scan for measuring the depth of kidney. We only used CT image that contains renal hilum and measured outermost front of the kidney from the skin surface (a) and the final surface (b) caculated the average depth of [(a + b) / 2] respectively. Using the same ROI in order to limit the change in GFR values by the other additional element was set before and after the depth value was excluded from the GFR falls kidney disease. Results Using Tonnesen law the average value was caculated 5.94 cm from the right kidney 5.90 cm from the left kidney. It was 6.83 cm, 8.71 cm in the left kidney and the right kidney average value of the depth measured on the basis of the CT image. The respective increase in left kidney 0.93 cm and right kidney 2.77 cm calculated on the basis of CT image actually measured values. GFR was calculated as the average depth of the subject calculated by the method Tonnesen $83.3{\pm}9.79mL/min$. $98.6{\pm}14.07mL/min$ GFR was applied to calculate the average depth of the subjects using the CT image, is the difference appears 15.26 mL/min was increased after seting up depth value, P value was less than 0.01 which is significant. Conclusion The difference between GFR before-after setting up depth value cause that the different of depth value. Is a measured depth of the extension value of the calculated estimates Whereas Tonnesen kidney depth method is to use in calculating the value of GFR in a typical dynamic elongation test depth derived using the CT image depth. Is thought to be able to calculate more accurately the GFR value by the distance to the center of kidney more accurately measured in the skin thereby.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 1984

Pot and laboratory tests were undertaken to investigate the influence of silicate fertilization on butachlor phytotoxicity to rice. Growth of rice seedlings at 150 ppm of $SiO_2$ was stimulated, while adverse effect was observed over 300 ppm of $SiO_2$ and growth reduction was enhanced with combination of butachlor and $SiO_2$ Rice growth in pot trial at 150kg/10a of silicate fertilization was not influenced by recommended amounts of butachlor and nitrofen, however, the growth of Seokwang byeo at 300kg/10a of silicate was markedly retarded by butachlor in the initial stage of growth. Growth reduction of Seokwang byeo caused by combined application of silicate and butachlor was recovered 50 days after herbicide application. Growth reduction from butachlor was not influenced by pH level and also degradation behaviors of butachlor in submerged soil was not altered by silicate fertilization. Adsorbed amount of butachlor on rice root was increased with addition of $SiO_2$ and its amount in Seokwang byeo was higher than that of Jinju byeo. Butachlor absorption by Seokwang byeo was accelerated by 150 ppm of $SiO_2$ applied simultaneously, but those effect was not encountered in Jinju byeo. Butachlor absorption of rice seedlings was also increased by 150 ppm of $K_2O$, while CaO hindered the absorption and $Na_2O$ had no effect on the absorption. Residual level of butachlor in Seokwang byeo treated with combined solution of butachlor and $SiO_2$ was continued higher than that with butachlor alone during 10 days after transplantation to culture solution.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.199-203
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• 2000

$Ta_2_O5$ and $Sr_0.8Bi_2.4Ta_2O_9$ films were deposited on p-type Si(100) substrates by a rf-magnetron sputtering and the metal organic decomposition (MOD), respectively.The electrical characteristics of the $Pt/SBT/Ta_2O_5/Si$ structure were obtained as the functions of $O_2$ gas flow ratio during the $Ta_2_O5$ sputtering and $Ta_2_O5$ thickness. And to certify the role of $Ta_2_O5$ as a buffer layer, the electrical characteristics of $Pt/SBT/Ta_2O_5/Si$ were compared. $Pt/SBT/Ta_2O_5/Si$ capacitor with 20% $O_2$ gas flow ratio during the $Ta_2_O5$ sputtering did now show typical C-V curve of metal/ferroelectric/insulator/semiconductor (MFIS) structure. The capacitor with 20% $O_2$ gas flow ratio during the $Ta_2_O5$ sputtering had the largest memory window. And the memory window was decreased as the $Ta_2_O5$ gas flow ratio during the $Ta_2_O5$ sputtering was increased to 40%, 60%. In the C-V characteristics of the $Pt/SBT/Ta_2O_5/Si$ capacitors with the different $Ta_2_O5$ thickness, the capacitor with 26nm thickness of $Ta_2_O5$ had the largest memory window. The C-V and leakage current characteristics of the Pt/SBT/Si structure were worse than those of $Pt/SBT/Ta_2O_5/Si$ structure. These results and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) measurement showed that $Ta_2_O5$ films as a buffer layer tool a role to prevent from the formation of intermediate phase and interdiffusion between SBT and Si.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.132-136
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• 2009

Purpose: WHO(world health organization) announced the FRAX Tool(fracture risk assessment) of new software in the beginning of 2008. FRAX Tool was considered various risk factor, being different from existing fracture risk. In this study, we wanted to know the fracture risk of following the changing of the risk factor of fracture. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 women aged 50~60 were studied. We measured BMD at the part of femur neck which was based on the age, weight, height of individual with GE, Lunar-prodigy. The control group is fracture risk without considering fracture risk factor. The experimental group is previous fracture, parent fracture, current smoking, glucocorticoid, rheumatoid arthritis, secondary osteoporosis, alcohol. if each items makes one 'existence', others are all 'nothing'. and the results produced major osteoporotic region and hip fracture risk in 10-years. Statistics used t-test of SPSS 12.0. Results: The average rate of increment of major osteoporotic region between control group and experimental group, previous fracture-74% increase, parent fracture-96% increase, current smoking-2% increase, glucocorticoid-61% increase, rheumatoid arthritis-29% increase, alcohol-20% increase, secondary osteoporosis-0.18% decrease. The average rate of increment of hip region between control group and experimental group, previous fracture-84% increase, parent fracture-5% increase, current smoking-72% increase, glucocorticoid-84% increase, rheumatoid arthritis-40% increase, alcohol-52% increase, secondary osteoporosis-1.69% decrease. Conclusions: Each fracture risk factor has different rate of increment between major osteoporotic and hip region while in occasion of the second osteoporosis it has little relation because of low P-value. We could know that a contribution of the risk factor is different between major osteoporotic and hip region.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 1999

Purpose : Today, people usually die in hospitals and institution-sterile and strange, and equipped with a complex range of technology capable of supporting and prolonging life, frequently only biological one, when a return to health and vitality is no longer possible. Consequently, 'dying with dignity' has become a slogan of opposition to useless and degrading prolongation of life when a patient's organ, though still minimally functional, can no longer support or permit the exercise of self-fulfilling personal control over life's events. Dying with dignity, however, means entirely different things to different people. This study is to investigate the college students' attitude on terminal care and passive euthanasia. Methods : During June 1997, 337 college students participated in this study by responding to the pre-made questionnaire. It deft with the attitude to passive euthanasia, hospice, the most suffering fear facing the death, the preferred place and person to be with if dying. Results : 63.2% of subjects agreed to passive euthanasia. Only 14.2.% of college students can explain the concept of hospice, exactly They got the information about hospice by TV(43%), book(33.5%), religious group(12%) in order. The preferred death place was home(76.6%) and hospital(11.9%) in order. The Most suffering fear facing the death were about unknown(41.5%), loosing colleague(13.6%), pain(11%), isolation(6.5%) in order. Conclusion : About two-thirds of college students agreed to passive euthanasia. But euthanasia is dangerous and unnecessary. We should vigorously promote programmes of education in hospice and palliative medicine and care.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.581-594
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• 2004

CREAHS II carried out an intensive hydrographic survey covering almost entire East Sea in 1999. Hydrographic data from total 203 stations were released to public on the internee. This paper summarized the results of water mass analysis by OHP (Optimum Multiparameter) method that utilizes temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, silicate, nitrate, phosphate and location data as an input data-matrix. A total of eight source water types are identified in the East Sea: four in surface waters(North Korea Surface Water, Tatar Surface Cold Water, East Korean Coastal Water, Modified Tsushima Surface Water), two intermediate water types (Tsushima Middle Water, Liman Cold Water), two deep water types (East Sea Intermediate Water, East Sea Proper Water). Of these NKSW, MTSW and TSCW are the newly reported as the source water type. Distribution of each water types reveals several few interesting hydrographic features. A few noteworthy are summarized as follows: The Tsushima Warm Current enter the East Sea as three branches; East Korea Coastal Water propagates north along the coast around $38^{\circ}N$ then turns to northeastward to $42^{\circ}N$ and moves eastward. Cold waters of northern origin move southward along the coast at the subsurface, which existence the existence of a circulation cell at the intermediate depth of the East Sea. The estimated volume of each water types inferred from the OMP results show that the deep waters (ESIW + ESPW) fill up ca. 90% of the East Sea basins. Consequently the formation and circulation of deep waters are the key factors controlling environmental condition of the East Sea.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.3
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• pp.129-150
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• 1985

The present investigation was conducted to provide a systematic approach necessary to establish an integrated insect pest management program of barley in Korea. Some ecological surveys on insect pests of barley have been undertaken at the field of Experimental Station, Ky$\check{o}$ngbuk Provincial Office of Rural Development as a fixed point survey area, and at 23 localities for round survey throughout southern and central Korea from 1983 to 1984. Previously known insects injurious to barley in Korea were revised and the population dynamics of 10 dominant harmful species were analyzed according to either 24 localities or 25 cultivars respectively by using several sampling methods of net sweeping, black light traps, yellow water pan traps and visual counting. As the results, a total of 94 species belonging to 77 genera under 32 families are known to be injurious to barley, among them 20 species are newly added here. In the population density level, the dominant species were disclosed as Laodelphax striatellus (43.1 %), Macrosiphum avenae(27.0 %), Rhopalosiphum padi(6.5 %), R. maidis(5.4 %), Psammolettix strialus(2.7 %), Chlorops oryzae(2.2 %), Agromyza albipennis(2.1 %) Phyllotreta nemorum(1.4 %), Chaetoenema cylindrica(1.0 %), Dolycoris baccarum(1.0 %) in order. For the general abundance of major insect pests, it was highest in the cultivar P'aldal whereas lowest in Milyang #22. There were tendencies that Psammotettix striatus, Dolycoris baccarum, Phyllotreta nemorum and Chaetocnema cylindrica represented a maximum increase in the beginning of June, while Chlorops oryzae and Agromyza albipennis showed in the middle of May but aphids were in the end of May. In the dominance of natural enemies, Nabis stenoferus occupied 21.4 % and Propylaea japonica 9.6 %.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the changes of oral diet intake during the admission period and identify the factors related with nutritional status in discharging of leukemia patients. This is a retrospective cross sectional study on 46 leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy at the Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital from July to September 2009. The patients' charts were surveyed on the general characteristics and factors relating chemotherapy. The calorie count method was used to investigate diet intake during admission period. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify possible confounding factors. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean age was $42.8\;{\pm}\;14.6$ years and the average length of stay was $30.4\;{\pm}\;7.0$ days. The incidence of malnourished patients was 60.9% in discharging. There was a significant difference in chemotherapy sessions and chemotherapy period between well-nourished and malnourished patients. The average energy intake was 1,525.9 kcal in well-nourished patients and 1,143 kcal in malnourished patients, which was significant different. From repeated measures ANOVA test, the changes of oral intake during admission period were significant by groups. In addition, there were significant differences in oral intake according to each period between well-nourished and malnourished patients. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, both the ratio of total oral energy intake to recommended energy intake and chemotherapy sessions were significantly associated with nutritional status in discharging. The results of this study could be used to establish a protocol of nutritional management for leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.98-107
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• 2015

Olive flounder contains rich amount of lysine which is required for children's growth. Moreover, it is good foodstuffs for elderly, convalescent and diabetics because of low lipid content and high digestibility. This study was investigated for the purpose of obtaining basic data which can be applied to the processing of olive flounder steak. Olive flounder 100 g were chopped, mixed with vegetable (onion 20%, celery 10%, carrot 15%, garlic 1% of chopped olive flounder meat) and ingredient (bread crumbs 20 g, onion 15 g, celery 10 g, egg 1 ea, tarragon 1/2 t, blanc sauce 20 g, fresh cream 20 mL, salt and pepper pinch). Mixed dough was molded into steak shape ($12{\times}7cm$) and was processed by two types of products, Steak-1 {Roasting for 2 minutes in a frying pan wrapped with olive oil and then vacuum packaging in polyethylene film ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$), and then storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days, next thawed and warmed by microwave for 2 minutes} and Steak-2 {vacuum-packaging in polyethylene film ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$), and then storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days, after thawed, roasted during 2 minutes in a frying pan wrapped with olive oil}. The factors such as pH, TBA value, amino-N, free amino acid, chemical composition, color value (L, a, b), texture profile, sensory evaluation and viable bacterial count of the olive flounder steak (Steak-1, Steak-2) were measured. From the result of sensory evaluation, Steak-2 showed a bit more high scores than Steak-1 but it was difficult to distinguish significant difference (color, odor, taste, texture and acceptance) between Steak-1 and Steak-2 products.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2009

Statement of problem: Porcelain veneers have become a popular treatment modality for aesthetic anterior prosthesis. Fitting porcelain veneers in the mouth usually involve a try-in appointment, which frequently results in salivary contamination of fitting surfaces. Purpose: An in vitro study was carried out to investigate the effect of silane treatment timing and saliva contamination on the resin bond strength to porcelain veneer surface. Material and methods: Cylindrical test specimens (n=360) and rectangular test specimens (n=5) were prepared for shear bond test and contact angle analysis. Whole cylindrical specimens divided into 20 groups, each of which received a different surface treatment and/or storage condition. The composite resin cement stubs were light-polymerized onto porcelain adherends. The shear bond strengths of cemented stubs were measured after dry storage and thermocycling (3,000 cycles) between 5 and $55^{\circ}C$. The silane and their reactions were chemically monitored by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis (FTIR) and contact angle analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett's multiple comparison were used to analyze the data. Results: FT-IR analysis showed that salivary contamination and silane treatment timing did not affect the surface interactions of silane. Observed water contact angles were lower on the saliva contaminated porcelain surface and the addition of 37% phosphoric acid for 20 seconds on saliva contaminated porcelain increased the degree of contact angle. Silane applied to the porcelain, a few days before cementation, resulted in increasing the bond strength after thermocycling. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that it would be better to protect porcelain prosthesis before saliva contamination with silane treatment and to clean the contaminated surface by use of phosphoric acid.