• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2007

This study was carried out to treat the aqueous solutions containing reactive dyes(RB19, RR120 and RY179) by the Ozone demand flask method and adsorption process using activated carbon fiber(ACF) which are one of the main pollutants in dye wastewater. Ozone oxidation of three kinds of the reactive dyes was examined to investigate the reactivity of dyes with ozone, competition reaction and ozone utilization on various conditions for single- and multi-solute dye solution. Concentration of dyes was decreased continuously with increasing ozone dosage in the single-solute dye solutions. Competition quotient values were calculated to investigate the preferential oxidation of individual dyes in multi-solute dye solutions. Competition quotients(CQi) and values of the overall utilization efficiency, ${\eta}O_3$, were increased at 40mg/l of ozone dosage in multi-solute dye solutions. ACF(A-15) has much larger specific surface area$(1,584m^2/g-ACF)$ in comparison with granular activated carbon adsorbent (F400, $1,125m^2/g-GAC$), which is commonly used, and most of pores were found to be micropores with pore radius of 2nm and below. It was found that RB19 was most easily adsorbed among the dyes in this study. In the case of PCP (p-chlorophenol) and sucrose, which are single component adsorbate, adsorption capacities of ACF(A-15) were in good agreement with the batch adsorption measurement, and saturation time predicted of ACF columns for these components was also well agreed with practically measured time. But in the case of reactive dyes, which have relatively high molecular weight and aggregated with multi-components, adsorption capacities or saturation time predicted were not agreed with practically measured values.

• Obstetrics & gynecology science
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.649-654
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• 2018

Objective Isotretinoin is a notorious teratogen otherwise used for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Some countries, including those in North America and the European Union, implemented the pregnancy prevention program (PPP); however, no PPP has yet been established in South Korea. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of pregnant women exposed to isotretinoin among the callers of the Korean Mother Safe Counseling Center. Methods This is a prospective cohort study. We evaluated the demographic characteristics, obstetric history, and isotretinoin exposure of pregnant women based on the mother safe registry from April 2010 to July 2016. Results Among 22,374 callers, 650 (2.9%) pregnant women were exposed to isotretinoin. The mean age was $29.0{\pm}4.4$ years in the isotretinoin-exposed group and $32.0{\pm}4.2$ years in the unexposed group (P<0.001). Moreover, the incidence of pregnancies within 30 days after isotretinoin discontinuation or during isotretinoin intake was 78.9% (513/650). The median duration of isotretinoin exposure was 18 (1-4,231) days. Furthermore, from 2011 to 2015, the incidence of isotretinoin exposure was $2.9{\pm}1.2$ pregnancies per 10,000 births in South Korea. Conclusion Approximately 80% of pregnant women are exposed to isotretinoin within the recommended 30 days of contraception or during pregnancy. Therefore, the PPP has to be established in South Korea.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.651-656
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• 2008

A mouse with cataract, Kec, was generated from N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis. Cataract in the Kec mouse was observable at about 5 weeks after birth and this gradually progressed to become completely opaque by 12 weeks. Dissection microscopy revealed that vacuoles with a radial or irregular shape were located primarily in the cortex of the posterior and equatorial regions of the lens. At the late stage, the lens structure was distorted, but not ruptured. This cataract phenotype was inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. We performed a genetic linkage analysis using 133 mutant and 67 normal mice produced by mating Kec mutant (BALB/c) and F1 (C57BL/6 $\times$ Kec) mice. The Kec locus was mapped to the 3 cM region encompassed by D14Mit34 and D14Mit69. In addition we excluded coding sequences of 9 genes including Rcbtb2, P2ry5, Itm2b, Med4, Nudt15, Esd, Lcp1, Slc25a30, and 2810032E02Rik as the candidate gene that causes cataract in the Kec mouse.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2013

목적: 본 연구는 소아에서 hMPV 감염증의 역학과 임상양상을 RSV A, RSV B와 비교하여 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 2007년 9월부터 2012년 7월까지 호흡기 증상으로 내원한 소아들 중 RT-PCR을 통해 hMPV (n=36), RSV A (n=106), RSV B (n=51) 등의 호흡기 바이러스가 검출된 환자들의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 월별 분포에서 hMPV는 5월에 가장 많았고 RSV는 11-12월에 집중적으로 나타났다. hMPV 환자군의 평균 연령은 RSV에 비해 높았으며(각각 $29.9{\pm}32.5$개월 vs. $13.6{\pm}15.4$개월, P<0.001; $29.9{\pm}32.5$개월 vs. $12.1{\pm}13.5$개월, P<0.001), RSV A 환자군에 비해 발열 비율이 높았고(97.2% vs. 67.9%, P<0.001), RSV A, B 환자군에 비해서 천명 발생 비율이 낮았다(각각 16.7% vs. 47.2%, P=0.001; 16.7% vs. 37.3%, P=0.037). hMPV 환자군에서 RSV A, B에 비해 세기관지염 발생 비율이 낮았으며(각각 5.6% vs. 34.9%, P=0.001; 5.6% vs. 29.4%, P=0.006), RSV A 환자군에 비해 폐렴 발생 비율이 높았다(72.2% vs. 50.0%, P=0.047). 주사 항생제를 사용한 비율은 hMPV 환자군에서 RSV A, B 환자군에 비해 더 높았다(각각 69.4% vs. 39.6%, P=0.002; 69.4% vs. 43.1, P=0.015). 결론: 본 연구는 hMPV 감염증을 RSV A, B 감염증과 비교하여 임상적 및 역학적 특성을 비교하였다. 봄철에 발생하면서 RSV 감염에 비해 더 높은 연령에서 발생하고, 폐렴 발생이 많은 hMPV의 특징은 소아 호흡기 감염환자의 진료에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2017

Purpose: Nurse's second victim experiences could influence organizational negative work-related outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the casual relationship between nurses' second victim experience and third victim experience and multiple mediation effects of second victim supports. Methods: A cross-sectional, self-report survey (the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool) was conducted with 305 nurses working in a general hospital. Data were collected from October 20 to November 25, 2016 and analyzed using SPSS Win version 23.0. Results: The nurses' perceived second victim experience was $3.24{\pm}0.61$ and the third victim experience was $3.12{\pm}0.92$. Nurses' second victim experience was found to have a direct effect on increasing third victim experience and indirect effect of colleague support as mediator (p<.05). However, institutional support and supervisor support had not a partial and indirect effect on third victim experience. Conclusion:This study is one of the first to connect second victim experience to third victim experience in South Korea. This study broadens the understanding of the negative effects of a second victim experience influence third victim experience. When involvement in patient safety events, the important role of colleague support in limiting nurse's third victim experience have been acknowledged. This study reinforces the efforts health care leaders are making to develop interventional programs to colleague support their staff as they recover from adverse event involvement.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.705-713
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• 2004

불소는 항우식 작용을 보이므로 치아의 우식 예방을 고려 한 진료가 이루어지면서 치면에 불화물을 도포하거나 불소 함유 구강세정액을 사용하거나 불소방출성의 수복재료를 적용하거나 하는 등의 우식억제 방법이 치과임상에서 빈번하게 적용되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 불소 방출을 보이는 수복재료의 잇솔질 후 불소방출과 잇솔질로 인한 표면조도의 변화를 조사하기 위해 시행되었다. 7종의 불소를 방출하는 수복재료로 Fuji II LC Improved: FL, Compoglass F CG, Dyract AP: DR, F2000 : FT, Ariston: AT, Tetric: TR, 그리고 Gradia: GD를 연구재료로 사용하였다. 불소 방출은 10,000회의 잇솔질을 시행한 후 10일 동안의 방출량을 측정하였고, 표면조도는 40,000회의 잇솔질 후 중심선평균거칠기 Ra와 최대거칠기 Ry를 측정하였으며, 마모면은 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 잇솔질 후의 불소 방출량과 표면 관찰로부터 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 불소방출은 AT군, FL군 및 CF군의 경우에는 초기단계에 다량의 급격 한 방출을 보인 후 상대적으로 낮으면서도 지속적인 방출 양상을 보였지만, 나머지 시험군의 경우에는 초기단계로부터 낮으면서도 지속적인 방출을 보였다. 2. 불소방출은 약 40일 경과 후 안정적인 방출 양상을 나타냈으며, Tukey 분석 결과, AT군, 레진강화 GIC의 FL군, 콤포머군 전부 및 불소방출성 콤포짓트 레진의 GD군과 TC군 사이에서 통계학적으로 방출량의 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 3. 표면조도는 FT군에서 가장 크고 CF군에서 가장 작은 값을 보였으며, Tukey 분석 결과, FT군, AL군 및 FL군과 TC군, DR군, GD군 및 CF군 사이에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2018

Background: Extended endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may initiate apoptotic pathways in cancer cells, and ER stress has been reported to possibly increase tumor death in cancer therapy. We previously reported that caspase-8 played an important role in compound K-induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 directly or indirectly through Bid cleavage, cytochrome c release, and caspase-9 activation in HL-60 human leukemia cells. The mechanisms leading to apoptosis in A549 and SK-MES-1 human lung cancer cells and the role of ER stress have not yet been understood. Methods: The apoptotic effects of compound K were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the changes in protein levels were determined using Western blot analysis. The intracellular calcium levels were monitored by staining with Fura-2/AM and Fluo-3/AM. Results: Compound K-induced ER stress was confirmed through increased phosphorylation of $eIF2{\alpha}$ and protein levels of GRP78/BiP, XBP-1S, and $IRE1{\alpha}$ in human lung cancer cells. Moreover, compound-K led to the accumulation of intracellular calcium and an increase in m-calpain activities that were both significantly inhibited by pretreatment either with BAPTA-AM (an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator) or dantrolene (an RyR channel antagonist). These results were correlated with the outcome that compound K induced ER stress-related apoptosis through caspase-12, as z-ATAD-fmk (a specific inhibitor of caspase-12) partially ameliorated this effect. Interestingly, 4-PBA (ER stress inhibitor) dramatically improved the compound K-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: Cell survival and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ homeostasis during ER stress in human lung cancer cells are important factors in the induction of the compound K-induced apoptotic pathway.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.428-433
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• 2010

미숙 토마토를 대상으로 숙성에 미치는 저장 온도의 영향을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 미숙 토마토가 숙성이 되는 최적의 온도는 알아보기 위해 저장 온도를 달리 설정하여 5 일간의 숙성 기간을 가지고 실험을 하였다. 저장 온도별로 변화되는 화학적 품질 변화를 측정한 결과, 토마토의 당도 변화에서는 초기당도가 9.10 brix에서 저장 온도에 따라 8.77 brix에서 8.93 brix로 다소 감소하는 경향을 보이나, 저장 온도 간에 유의적 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 그 중 실온에서의 당도 변화가 가장 적음을 알 수 있었다. 토마토의 pH의 변화에서는 미숙 토마토의 pH가 4.2에서 저장 5일 후 4.11에서 4.13 으로 저장 온도에 따른 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 Hunter's color value 변화에서는 L값은 미숙 토마토의 경우 41.2에서 저장 5일 후 36.81에서 38.77로 다소 값이 낮아졌으며, $10^{\circ}C$의 경우에는 40.71로 다른 저장 온도보다는 덜 감소하였다. a값은 미숙 토마토의 경우 -6.22에서 저장 5일 후 11.87에서 15.74로 증가하였으며, $10^{\circ}C$의 경우에는 8.50으로 다른 저장 온도보다는 덜 증가하였다. 그리고 b값은 미숙 토마토의 경우 20.16에서 저장 5일 후 16.13에서 17.63로 다소 값이 낮아졌으며 저장 온도가 차이는 없었다. Rheometer에 의한 토마토의 texture 변화도 미숙 토마토의 경도가 1,253 g에서 경도의 $10^{\circ}C$ 저장 5일 후에도 1,150 g이었으며, 저장 2일 후 $20^{\circ}C$의 경우 899 g, 실온의 경우 404 g, $30^{\circ}C$의 경우 486 g으로 급격히 감소하였다. 저장 온도에 따른 비타민 C 변화에서는 미숙 토마토의 경우 7.98 mg/100 g의 함량을 나타냈으며, 5일간 저장 시 $10^{\circ}C$에서는 9.08 mg/100 g으로 증가하였고, $20^{\circ}C$에서는 12.01 mg/100 g, 실온은 17.65 mg/100 g으로 증가하였으며, $30^{\circ}C$에서는 17.81 mg/100 g을 나타내었다. 저장 온도에 따른 lycopene 변화에서는 미숙 토마토의 경우 0.37 mg/kg의 함량을 나타냈으며, 5일간 저장 시 $10^{\circ}C$에서는 3.81 mg/kg으로 증가하였고, $20^{\circ}C$에서는 26.85 mg/kg, 실온은 34.19 mg/kg으로 증가하였으며, $30^{\circ}C$에서는 34.56 mg/kg을 나타내었다. 토마토의 숙성 지표로 색차의 a값, 경도, vitamin C 함량, lycopene 함량을 사용할 수 있으며, 토마토의 적숙온도는 실온이 적절하였다.