• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.260-266
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• 1996

To find out the residual effect of phosphate fertilization level on the dry matter yield and nutrient plloductivity of pasture plants, this experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with six treatments(0-0, 50-50, 100-65, 150-65, 200-65 and 250-65kg $P_2O_5$), those were composed of three $P_2O_5$ fertilization level(0,50 and 65kg $P_2O_5$ after phosphate fertilization trial with six treatments(0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250kg $P_2O_5$/ha) from 1989 to 1992, and conducted at hilly land in Kwangju, Kyonggi Province from 1993 to 1994. The results obtained are summarized as follows : As the available phosphate of soil increase, the early growth and cover degree of pasture plants wintered were more favorable. With 150-65kg $P_2O_5$ application for two years, the average dry matter yield of grasses, 9,862kglha was similared to that of 200-65kg $P_2O_5$/ha. The crude protein and energy productivity of pasture plants tended to increase as available phosphate of soil was increased, but those were not different between 150-65 and 250-65kg P 2 0 4 a Efficiency of $P_2O_5$ was highest at $P_2O_5$ 150-65kg/ha fertilization, wHich produced dry matter 11 1.8kg. net energy lactation(NEL) 67 1.2M.f per I kg P205. Therefore, phosphate fertilization is recommended strongly application with 150kg/ha for three years after pasture establishment, and then 65kg/ha for two years a reasonabl management in hilly grassland.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.22-29
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• 2001

To evaluate the cutaneous injury in liver damaged rats by toluene application to the skin, toluene(35mg/㎤) was sequentially applied for 5 days to the dorsal skin of liver damaged rats with $CCl_4$ (6 times ever other day:0.1$m\ell$/100 g body weight-50% $CCl_4$in olive oil). The cutaneous ultrastructural changes were unexoectably not observed in liver from $CCl_4$-treated rats although necrotic liver damage appeared under light microscope. In these animals by the application of toluene to rat skin the cutaneous xanthine oxidase activity was significantly increased(p<0.05), but cytochrome P450 content was not different from that of the control or only $CCl_4$-treated rats. On the other hand, the cutaneous superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in liver damaged animals were significantly respectively(p<0.05, p<0.001), decreased by toluene application to the skin compared with control and especially the former enzyme activity was significantty decreased(p<0.01), compared with that of liver damaged rate rat but glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase activities were not significantly different from those of the control or liver damaged rats. Futhermore, the reduced gluathione content of skin was also significantly decreased by toluene application to the liver damaged animals. In conclusion, the great deposits of cerrous peroxide and ultramorphological changes in skin tissue of liver damaged animals by toluene application may be responsible for the oxygen free radical.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 1998

This study was carried out investigate to optimum levels of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer to get a higher yield and a quality of an onion(Allium Cepa L.) from 1993 to 1994. Three fertilizer levels were applied with 120, 240 and 360kg/ha of nitrogen and 100, 200 and 300kg/ha of P2O5 during the onion growing season. After harvesting the onion, it was storaged at given deposit. The growth and yield of the onion were better at the fertilizer levels of both 240 and 360kg/ha of nitrogen and of both 200 and 300kg/ha of P2O5 than at the level of 120kg/ha in nitrogen and 100kg/ha of P2O5. The content of total nitrogen and P2O5 in plant was decreased with reduced application levels of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer. The rotting rate was higher at the levels of both 360kg/ha in nitrogen and 300kg/ha in P2O5 than the other treatment during the storage period. The sprouting rate tended to be high at 240kg/ha of nitrogen and 100kg/ha of P2O5.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2001

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of amount of nitrogen application with the barley straw application on the changes in soil physical and chemical properties. nutrient uptake and percentage recovery of chemical fertilizer N in the rice plant from 1997 to 1998. The soil physical properties, such as bulk density, hardness, porosity and gaseous phase were improved by barley straw application. There was also improvement or increment in the soil chemical properties, such as pH, organic matter, T-C. T-N, available $SiO_2$, exchangeable K and cation exchange capacity, but decrease in available $P_2O_5$. The $Fe^{+{+}}$ content in soil after barley straw application was high from tillering stage to panicle forming stage, but becoming lowered toward the heading stage, while $Mn^{+{+}}$ content was increased. N uptake with barley straw application was increased in the N $126kg\;ha^{-1}$ plot, but decreased in the N $141kg\;ha^{-1}$ plot. The uptake of fertilized N was continued longer in barley straw application than none-application plot. Percentage recovery of chemical fertilizer N in rice straw was around 1% at tillering stage, but was highly increasing till maximum tillering stage, while the recovery was generally low in barley straw application. Meanwhile, fertilizer P uptake in barley straw application was high, but potassium uptake was low at all different levels of N application.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.141-159
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of information technology application, and to identify the effect of information technology application en knowledge management process in clinical nurses. Method: Participants were 629 regular clinical nurses who had worked for over 1 year in general units of 9 tertiary medical hospitals including 2 national university hospitals, 5 university hospitals, and 2 hospitals founded by business enterprises. Data were collected from March to May 2003 through questionnaires. Thee structured instruments were used to collect the data: Information Technology Application scale, Knowledge Management Process Scale(Jeong, Lee, Lee, & Kim, 2003), and one for general characteristics. The data were analyzed using reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}$ test, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS for Windows 10,0 program. Result: 1) The HIS application degree, IT application ability, and IT application frequency were significantly correlated with the degree of knowledge management process activation and 4 elements of knowledge management process, Knowledge Creation, Knowledge Storage, Knowledge Sharing, and Knowledge Utilization(p=.000). 2) The 3 variables, HIS application degree, IT application ability, and IT application frequency explained 47.2% of the total variance of the degree of knowledge management process activation, and 352% of me total variance of Knowledge Storage. And 2 variables, HIS application degree and IT application frequency explained 17.6% of the total variance of Knowledge Creation, 39.9% of the total variance of Knowledge sharing, and 33.8% of the total variance of Knowledge utilization(p=.000). 3) As a result of multiple regression analysis, the key determinant of the degree of knowledge management process activation for nurses was HIS application degree The HIS application degree, IT application frequency, position, IT application ability, and continuous total numbers of years working at the present hospital explained 51.1% of the total variance of the degree of knowledge management process activation(p=.000). Conclusions: These results suggest that the information technology application positively affects the nurses' knowledge management process. From the above findings, information technology application is empirically verified as a useful and effective method to activate knowledge management process, and knowledge management.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rainfall, irrigation and fertilizer application on water qualities of pond in golf course from May in 2007 year to November in 2008 year. For survey of water quality, it was sampled at $10{\sim}12$ sites(irrigation site 2, drainage site 3, and hazard site $5{\sim}7$) of SKY72 G.C and evaluated with analysis items such as pH, electrical conductivity(EC), DO, SS, T-N, $PO_4$-P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, SAR, BOD and COD. Results obtained were summarized as follows: The value of pH, EC, DO, T-N, P04-P, K, Ca, Mg, Na and SAR was in dry season, but those of SS, BOD and COD in the rainy season. N and P concentration of pond water showed $1.2{\sim}28.8mg/L$ and $0.005{\sim}0.172mg/L$, respectively, and so it was higher than eutrophication level of lakes and marshes recommended by the Ministry of Environment in Korea. As a reault of correlation analysis, EC in the water was significantly(P<0.01) related items such as K, Ca, Mg, Na, SAR and salinity, and SS significantly(P<0.05) BOD and COD. In comparison with a corelation between respective analysis items and rainfall amount, SAR was significantly(P<0.01) positive but T-N negative(P<0.01). As compared with corelation between respective items and irrigation amount, pH was significantly(P<0.01) positive but T-N(P<0.05) and BOD(P<0.01) negative. When it was applied to N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ in golf course, N and $K_2O$ significantly affected water qualities of pond(P<0.01). These results suggested that a pond water in golf course was affected by the fertilizer application, rainfall and irrigation and EC was adequate monitoring indicator for the evaluating water quality of pond by chemicals influent.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1968

Buckwheat seeds produced in previous year (1965) in an experimental pot culture in which nine levels of P-32 ranging from $1.4{\times}10-4 to 3.3{\times}104$\mu$c/pot(as of 27 July 1965)$, with the same specific activity, had been applied to the corresponding pots respectively, were used this year(1996) in water and soil culture as well as in germination test to investigate the feature and extent of possible residual effects of P-32 incorporated upon germination and plant growth, and the following results were obtained: 1. Under the given experimental conditions both stimulative and inhibitory effects of radiation were observed. 2. The germination rate of the seeds was lower at the higher level of P-32 aplication ranging from $3.0{\times}103 to 3.3{\times}104$\mu$c/pot$ and higher at 0.2 $\mu$c P/pot than the control. 3. Among the seeds produced at the higher level of application about 80% was failed to germinate, owing to the radiation injury. The remaining 80% was failed to germinate, owing to the radiation injury. The remaining 80% survived the damaging effect and showed vigorous growth and increased yield. The latter group of seeds thus proved themselves to be more radioresistant than the former. 4. The survived seeds produced later more straw and root on dry weight basis. The higher the level of P-32 applied, the stronger the stimulative effect showed in vegetative growth. 5. No radiation effect on linear growth of the plants was observed in the soil culture. 6. The dry weight of straw produced showed little difference at the moderate range compared with that of control in the soil culture. At high level of application, i.e. over $\mu$c P32/pot, however, the production was increased by 12-37% of control. 7. As for the dry weight of root harvested, the P-32 treatment over 24$\mu$c P32/pot produced 82-155% more than the control, whereas little difference was observed under 2.2$\mu$c P32/pot. 8. The seed production increased in general by the P-32 treatments. Particularly at the moderate level of application the rate of increase amounted to 70% of the control. 9. Those individual plants which survived damaging effects of radiation at the germinating stage shwoed remarkable stimulative effects both in vegetative and in reproductive stage of growth.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 1978

The effect of phosphorus and potassium on the leaf yielding from the mulberry field was surveyed, designing four application levels of potassium and phosphorus respectively; Po, P$^1$/$_2$ and P$_1$and P$_2$ for phosphorus, K$^1$/$_3$, K$^2$/$_3$, K$_1$and K$_2$for potassium after amount of nitrogen was constant at 25kg/l0a. The standard application of three elements is at 25-11-15kg/l0a. No application only showed significance among the treatments in the 3rd year autumn. However there is no significance, ever decreasing 2.7∼5.9% of leaf yielding in application of potassium and 6.4∼11.5% of leaf yielding in application of phosphorus. There is also no increase of leaf yielding even with application of double quantity of phosphorus and potassium. Potassium in soil was considerably fluctuated, while fluctuation of phosphorus is very low. With these results, it was evident that the conventional application level for phosphorus (11kg/l0a) is reasonable and for potassium may be cut down to 5∼10kg/l0a without showing any significance for the successive three years.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1513-1520
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• 2023

Kex2 protease (Kex2p) is a membrane-bound serine protease responsible for the proteolytic maturation of various secretory proteins by cleaving after dibasic residues in the late Golgi network. In this study, we present an application of Kex2p as an alternative endoprotease for the in vitro processing of recombinant fusion proteins produced by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The proteins were expressed with a fusion partner connected by a Kex2p cleavage sequence for enhanced expression and easy purification. To avoid in vivo processing of fusion proteins by Kex2p during secretion and to guarantee efficient removal of the fusion partners by in vitro Kex2p processing, P₁', P₂', P₄, and P₃ sites of Kex2p cleavage sites were elaborately manipulated. The general use of Kex2p in recombinant protein production was confirmed using several recombinant proteins.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 1991

Effects of liming and starch application on the soil pH and mineralization of organic nitrogen were compared to control at $30+/10^{\circ}C$ incubation for six weeks in two soil types(loam, sandy loam) adjusted with 80% of field moisture capacity. 1. While soil pH was increased abruptyl one week after incubation in loam applied with lime and lime+starch, it tended to decrease at control during incubation period. Liming on sandy loam increased soil pH, and application of lime+starch together showed high pH at first week of incubation which was lowered slowly after wards. Significant changes in soil pH was not detected at control or starch application only. 2. The content of $NH_3-N$ in loam started to increse three weeks after incubation, and was maximized at fifth week. Positive correlation was shown at control during incubation period between soil pH and $NO_3-N$ content. Level of $NO_3-N$ content applied with starch or lime+starch was low compared to control. 3. The $NH_4-N$ content was high when sandy loam was applied with lime+starch together. At the first week of incubation, the $NO_3-N$ content was high at control or lime application.