• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.236-242
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• 1995

Biological control of soilborne plant pathogens by the addition of antagonistic microorganisms to the soil may offer a practical supplement or alternative to existing disease management strategies that depend heavily on chemical pesticides. Soil amendment with antagonistic microbes was non-effective because of high cost, low efficacy, and inconvenient usage on the treatment course. Therefore, seed coating formulation for the application of biological seed treatments has been being to apply successful disease suppression for many important crops. The objectives of this study were to investigate the optimal condition for the spore production of biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis YBL-7 and the liquid coating formulation that contained a suspension of a proper aqueous binder, as well as a ground fine solid particulate material. The maximum yield has been obtained from 60 hrs-old culture at 30$\circ$C in spore forming (SF) medium containing 0.8% nutrient broth, 0.05% yeast extract, 10$^{-1}$ M MgCl$^{2}$, 10$^{-4}$ M MnCl$^{2}$, 10$^{-5}$ M dipicolinic acid, and pH 6.5. The optimal condition of dried spore preparation was achieved when cells of B. subtilis YBL-7 was heat-dried with 50$\circ$C for 2 hrs.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.301-310
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• 2006

Destructive methods were used for the burnup determination of U-Zr alloy nuclear fuel irradiated in the High-flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor (HANARO) at KAERI. The dissolution rate of unirradiated U-Zr alloy fuel in $HNO_3$/HF mixtures was investigated for the experimental conditions of a different temperature, and initial concentrations of HF and $HNO_3$. The irradiated U-Zr alloy fuel specimen was dissolved in a mixed acid condition of 3 M HNO3 and 1 M HF at $90^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours under reflux. The total burnup was determined from measurement of the Nd isotope burnup monitors. The method includes U, Pu, $^{148}Nd,\;^P{145}Nd+^{146}Nd,\;^{144}Nd+^{143}Nd$ and total Nd isotopes determination by the isotope dilution mass spectrometric method (IDMS) using triple spikes $(^{233}U,\;^{242}Pu\;and\;^{150}Nd)$. The effective fission yield was calculated from the weighted fission yields averaged over the irradiation period. The results are compared with that obtained by the destructive -spectrometric measurement of the $^{137}Cs$ monitor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.237-242
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• 2013

Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer in women and has a high mortality rate. Cisplatin, an antitumor agent, is generally used for its treatment. However, the administration of cisplatin is associated with side effects and intrinsic resistance. Morinda citrifolia (Noni), a natural plant product, has been shown to have anti-cancer properties. In this study, we used Noni, cisplatin, and the two in combination to study their cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects in cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cell lines. We demonstrate here, that Noni/Cisplatin by themselves and their combination were able to induce apoptosis in both these cell lines. Cisplatin showed slightly higher cell killing as compared to Noni and their combination showed additive effects. The observed apoptosis appeared to be mediated particularly through the up-regulation of p53 and pro-apoptotic Bax proteins, as well as down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-$X_L$ proteins and survivin. Augmentation in the activity of caspase-9 and -3 was also observed, suggesting the involvement of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis for both Noni and Cisplatin in HeLa and SiHa cell lines.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.236-242
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• 2000

NZP velocities were investigated on Ag sheathed multi filamentary Bi-2223 tape and direction type HTS cable. The critical current($I_c$) of Ag sheathed Bi-2223 tape and direction type HTS cable were 12 A, 63 A at 77 K, 0 T. NZP velocities of tape with two condition of DC and AC were almost same at each temperature. In case of DC, the NZP velocities of numerical analysis and experiment were almost same. NZP velocities of direction type HTS cable were 1.9-2.4 cm/sec. The result shows that the total transport current of spiral type HTS cable in $LN_2$ was 475[A], and transport current passed through almost the outer layer (2-layer). Also, AC transport losses in outer layer of HTS cable was proportion to $I^2$ and higher than losses of inner layer. And in case of $I_p=I_c$, calculated numerical loss density was concentrated on the edge of tape and most of loss density in cable was distributed outer layer more than inner layer.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.10b
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• pp.240-242
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• 2005

It is well known that the PD (Partial Discharge) signals are generated if insulators have some defects such as voids in electrical facility and various PD detection methods are developed for preventing electrical troubles. So, an interest for the PD signals is higher and higher according to the high concern for the defects detection method of the aging electrical facility. When the equipment to detect PD signals installed at site and it works, a lot of noises flow in the equipment from surrounding situation and it will be mixed with original PD waveform. So we can not get the desired PD waveform. Therefore, there are many trial to reject or suppress the noise from the PD signals from long times ago. The greater of them used the hardware such as bridge circuits and frequency filters to suppress the noise. This paper proposed a novel noise rejection method in acquired data from PD detection equipment. The noise has the irregular phase and higher signal level than real PD, and noise decision is performed after inspection of pulse distribution in ${\Phi}$-q-n graph of acquired data from PD detection equipments. By experimental results on high voltage electric equipments, it is shown that proposed method has good performance. It is expected that this noise rejection technology is useful in numeric calculation and trend management of PD level.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.228-242
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a student-led instructional strategy that is central to the teaching-learning process and to investigate its effects. For this study, we analyzed the learner-centered learning types (discovery learning, problem-based learning, inquiry learning) and extracted elements applicable to newly developed teaching-learning. Based on this, a student-led class strategy was established using pre-learning, teacher collaboration, small group composition, and limited open data and product presentation, and then science classes were conducted. As a result of the post-tests of the five science core competencies of the experimental group using the student-led instructional strategy and the comparative group conducting lecture-based classes, the experimental group showed higher scores than the comparative group in the scientific thinking, scientific communication, and scientific attitudes (p<.05). Based on these results, it was confirmed that the student-led class, in which the student self-adjusts the entire process of designing, exploring, and presenting learning, can help the student's scientific ability. In addition, I would like to discuss the implications of teachers' teaching-learning composition.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.242-250
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate antifungal activity of a range of different molecular weight (MW) chitosan against Penicillium italicum. Our results demonstrate that the antifungal activity was dependent both the MW and concentration of the chitosan. Among a series of chitosan derived from the hydrolysis of high MW chitosan, the fractions containing various sizes of chitosan ranging from 3 to 15 glucosamine units named as chitooligomers-F2 (CO-F2) was found to show the highest antifungal activity against P. italicum. Furthermore, the effect of CO-F2 toward this fungus was significantly reduced in the presence of $Ca^{2+}$, whereas its effect was recovered by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, suggesting that the CO-F2 acts via disruption of $Ca^{2+}$ gradient required for survival of the fungus. Our results suggest that CO-F2 may serve as potential compounds to develop alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of the postharvest diseases.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the quality of life (QOL) and to identify the factors influencing QOL in gynecological cancer patients. Methods: The subjects of this study were 242 people who were receiving medical therapy or follow-up after surgery from one general hospital in Daegu. Data were collected from August 1, 2010 to January 31, 2011. A questionnaire including questions on QOL, distress score, distress problem, depression, anxiety, insomnia, perceived health status and body image were completed by the subjects. Results: The mean score of QOL was $70.68{\pm}13.40$. Religion, job, presence of spouse, level of education, household income, financial compensation, disease stage and recurrence were the significant factors related to QOL. Distress score, distress problem, depression, anxiety, insomnia, perceived health status and body image were also significant factors influencing QOL. Sixty eight percent of the variance in subjective overall QOL can be explained by body image, distress problem, distress score, anxiety, level of education and perceived health status (Cum $R^2$=0.689, F=76.316, $p$ <.001). Body image was the most important factor related to QOL. Conclusion: An integrative care program which includes general, disease-related and psychosocial characteristics of patients is essential to improve QOL in gynecological cancer patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.237-242
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• 2003

투어멀린(Tourmaline)은 비대칭 쌍극자를 가진 유극성 결정체로 광물 중에서 영구적으로 전기분극 특성을 띄고 있는 유일한 물질로써, 일명 "전기석"이라고 알려져 있다. 자체의 미약 전류(약 0,06mA)와 함께 음이온 및 원적외선의 발생으로 최근 우리 주변에서 건강과 환경정화를 위한 관심 대상의 투어멀린은 육방정계의 압전성 및 초전성을 띄는 붕규산염으로, 물분자를 만나면 수소($H^+$)와 수산기($OH^-$)로 분해하여 친수기와 소수기를 구분하여 발생하며, $H^+$와 $OH^-$는 각각 $H_2O$와 결합하여 활성이 강한 hydronium ion($H_3O^+$)과 계면활성 작용이 있는 hydroxyl ion($H_3O_2^-$)을 생성한다. 물속에서 불안정한 상태로 존재하는 수산기는 hydroxyl (-)ion을 형성하여 약 알카리성($pH{\sim}7.4$)을 띄고, 물의 클러스터(cluster)를 세분화하는 수질개선 기능과 함께 살균, 항균 및 세균번식억제 효과를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 투어멀린 소결체를 활용하여 그 처리수의 특성조사 및 기능개발과 함께 대장균의 번식억제 작용 및 살균작용과 수질개선 기능 등 유용한 결과의 분석으로부터 다양한 응용성을 확보하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.242-243
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• 2005

In this study, (La,Sr)$MnO_{3+\delta}$ powder used cathode material for SOFC was synthesized with precursor by GNP and the properties of powder, crystal phase, electric properties and deoxidization properties with precursor were investigated. The synthesis powder was prepared when oxidant/fuel mole and pH were 1 and 1, respectively and the synthesis powder was synthesized by GNP method using nitrate solution or oxide solution as precursor. Deoxidization peak of the nitrate solution was appeared lower temperature than the oxide solution, at $450^{\circ}C$. In this result, synthesis (La,Sr)$MnO_{3+\delta}$ powder using nitrate solution with Mn excess was suitable cathode material for SOFC due to had higher deoxidization properties. Also synthesis (La,Sr)$MnO_{3+\delta}$ powder according to precursor had difference electrical conductivity according to influence sintering density and crystal phase with precursor. Specially, the synthesis method and starting material had effect on deoxidization properties for SOFC.